Acetylcholine sensitivity of the spine-test articular capsule of the sea urchin Eucidaris tribuloides

1. The changes in the consistence of the spine-test articular capsule, or ligament, of the primary spines of Eucidaris tribuloides induced by acetylcholine (ACh) have been studied. Two complementary techniques were used: (a) "forced-vibration", which detects variations in the stiffness of the ligament along a single diametral plane; and (b) "forced-rotation" which records the spatial distribution of those changes. 2. ACh (1 microM to 1 mM) caused a rapid increase in the resistive force opposed by the ligament to passive stretching. Similar effects were elicited by several monoquaternary, N-substituted derivatives of trimethylammonium. 3. The opposite effect, i.e. softening, was induced by decamethonium, dimethylphenylpiperazine, and 2-ketoamyltrimethylammonium. 4. The involvement in these effects of ACh-binding groups with pharmacological properties similar to those of the "anionic sites" of nicotinic ACh receptors is suggested.     

First human isolate of Leptospira interrogans as serovar bratislava in Italy

A strain of Leptospira interrogans was isolated from a patient suffering from leptospirosis and was typed by the Cross Agglutination Absorption test using monoclonal antibodies prepared against different serovars of the Australis serogroup. This newly isolated strain belonged to serovar bratislava. It is the first reported isolation from man, in Italy, of Leptospira bratislava, thus supporting the emerging role of this serovar in human leptospirosis.     

Detection of Petunia Asteroid Mosaic, Carnation Ringspot and Tobacco Necrosis Viruses in Ditches and Drainage Canals in a Grapevine-Growing Area in West Germany

A number of virus isolates were obtained from ditches and drainage canals in the Palatinate grapevine-growing area (‘Rheinpfalz’) in West Germany. By means of the immunoelectron microscopical decoration and the agar gel double diffusion tests these isolates were identified as petunia asteroid mosaic virus, carnation ringspot virus and tobacco necrosis virus strain D, respectively.     

First human isolate of Leptospira interrogans as serovar bratislava in Italy

Abstract A strain of Leptospira interrogans was isolated from a patient suffering from leptospirosis and was typed by the Gross Agglutination Absorption test using monoclonal antibodies prepared against different serovars of the Australis serogroup. This newly isolated strain belonged to serovar bratislava . It is the first reported isolation from man, in Italy, of Leptospira bratislava , thus supporting the emerging role of this serovar in human leptospirosis.     

Quantitative phenotypical expression of three mutant genes in barley and the basis for defining an ideotype for Mediterranean environments

Summary Three mutants induced in the two-rowed barley variety Beka and their three binary recombinants have been used in an attempt to define an ideotype suitable for Mediterranean agroclimatic conditions. Physiological methods (classical plant growth analysis) together with the study of genotype x environment interaction for grain yield were used to characterize the genotypes. That characterization brought out the huge phenotypical variation produced by only three mutant genes, suggesting that single Mendelian genes may alone explain the quantitative variation, including grain yield, without the necessity of using the polygenic concept. The genotype best adapted to the environments studied is later in heading and has shorter straw and denser spikes than Beka; it also has higher inverse of leaf area rate and grain: leaf area ratio, a lower rate of leaf senescence, and a shorter grain filling period than the original variety.     

Comparison of linoleate,palmitate and acetate metabolism in rat ventral prostate

Rat ventral prostate incorporated (1-¹⁴C)acetate, (1-¹⁴C)palmitate and (1-¹⁴C)linoleate into different phospholipids in a time-dependent process. The rate of incorporation into total phospholipids was higher with linoleate (10.0 nmol/g) than with either palmitate (5.8 nmol/g) or acetate (4.7 nmol/g). Predominant labelling with all the radioactive substrates assayed was found in choline glycerophospholipids (PC). The radioactive profiles for linoleate in the other ventral prostate phospholipids differed from those obtained with palmitate and acetate. Specifically linoleate was incorporated into inositol glycerophospholipids plus lysoethanolamine glycerophospholipids (PI+LPE) and not into sphingomyelin (SM), while palmitate and acetate incorporated into SM but not into PI+LPE. Acetate showed the highest oxidation to CO₂ whereas no differences were observed in the radioactivity incorporated into CO₂ from a saturated (palmitate) or an essential unsaturated fatty acid (linoleate). These studies also show zinc-dependence by the acetate to CO₂ oxidation.Abbreviations PL total phospholipids - PC choline glycerophospholipids - PE ethanolamine glycerophospholipids - PI+LPE inositol glycerophospholipids plus lysoethanolamine glycerophospholipids - PS serine glycerophospholipids - SM sphingomyelin     

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-like and neurofilament protein (NFP)-like immunoreactivities in the rat dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve

The presence of neuron-specific enolase (NSF) and neurofilament proteins (NFP) immunoreactivities (IR) was investigated in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of adult rats at cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral levels. All neurons display NSE-like IR with a variable intensity of immunostain which is not related to the neuronal size. Conversely, the antibody against all three proteic subunits of NFP no labelled the primary sensory neurons, whereas the intraganglionic axons and dorsal root of spinal nerves result positives. In the sciatic nerve the immunoreactivity was similar for NSE- and NFP-like IR. No regional differences were found among the different levels of DRG for NSE-like IR. The present results demonstrate heterogeneity in the neurons of the rat. DRG for NSE-like IR, and differences between sensory neurons and fibers in the distribution of NFP-like IR.     

Substance P affects the GABAergic system in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis

In the present work we examined the effect of the neutralization of endogenous substance P by the administration of an anti-substance P serum (ASPS) on GABA concentration in the anterior pituitary in hyperprolactinemic conditions induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan or by grafting anterior pituitaries. ASPS reduced the increase in the anterior pituitary GABA concentration induced by hyperprolactinemia. In vitro experiments showed that substance P inhibited K⁺-evoked GABA efflux from hypothalamic fragments and decreased GABA concentration in the anterior pituitary but ASPS increased it. Our results demonstrate that substance P modifies hypothalamic GABA release and anterior pituitary GABA concentration and suggest that an interaction exists between substance P and GABA.