全文获取类型
收费全文 | 292659篇 |
免费 | 149825篇 |
国内免费 | 29752篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 5472篇 |
2017年 | 5136篇 |
2016年 | 5951篇 |
2015年 | 5703篇 |
2014年 | 7030篇 |
2013年 | 8901篇 |
2012年 | 10509篇 |
2011年 | 11471篇 |
2010年 | 10398篇 |
2009年 | 14479篇 |
2008年 | 11314篇 |
2007年 | 11483篇 |
2006年 | 10082篇 |
2005年 | 9668篇 |
2004年 | 9761篇 |
2003年 | 9070篇 |
2002年 | 9703篇 |
2001年 | 13371篇 |
2000年 | 10860篇 |
1999年 | 13406篇 |
1998年 | 10579篇 |
1997年 | 10482篇 |
1996年 | 9803篇 |
1995年 | 9930篇 |
1994年 | 9336篇 |
1993年 | 8918篇 |
1992年 | 12819篇 |
1991年 | 13113篇 |
1990年 | 13828篇 |
1989年 | 13085篇 |
1988年 | 12036篇 |
1987年 | 10849篇 |
1986年 | 10004篇 |
1985年 | 9675篇 |
1984年 | 7614篇 |
1983年 | 6206篇 |
1982年 | 5465篇 |
1981年 | 4835篇 |
1980年 | 4815篇 |
1979年 | 6501篇 |
1978年 | 5444篇 |
1977年 | 5172篇 |
1976年 | 4946篇 |
1975年 | 5083篇 |
1974年 | 5542篇 |
1973年 | 5503篇 |
1972年 | 5451篇 |
1971年 | 5099篇 |
1970年 | 4491篇 |
1969年 | 4465篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
211.
212.
E. B. Burova I. S. Smirnova A. N. Shatrova I. V. Gonchar N. N. Nikolskii 《Cell and Tissue Biology》2011,5(1):9-14
Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is known to inhibit the proliferation of some transformed cell lines. Recently, we demonstrated the
transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in response to IFNγ (Burova et al., 2007) and provided direct
evidence for the dependence of IFNγ-induced EGFR transactivation on the EGFR expression level in epithelial cells (Gonchar
et al., 2008). This study examines an antiproliferative effect of IFNγ on human epithelial cell lines—A431 and HeLa that express
high levels of EGFR, as well as HEK293 that expresses low levels of EGFR. To characterize the IFNγ-induced changes in these
cells, we studied cell growth, the cell cycle, and induction of apoptosis. The response to IFNγ differed in the compared cell
lines; cell growth was inhibited in both A431 and HeLa cells, but not in HEK293 cells, as was shown by the cell count and
MTT. The cell-cycle phases analyzed by flow cytometry were disturbed in A431 and HeLa cells in response to IFNγ. On the contrary,
in HEK293 cells, the IFNγ treatment did not alter distribution by cell cycle phases. Our results indicate that IFNγ produces
an antiproliferative effect that depends on the increased expression of EGFR in A431 and HeLa cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated
that IFNγ induced the caspase 3 activation in A431 cells, which suggests the involvement of active caspase 3 in the IFNγ-induced
apoptosis. 相似文献
213.
214.
215.
Extracts from the stems and leaves of Pitavia punctata Mol. were examined. The neutral fraction yielded β-sitosterol, daucosterin, quercetin, avicularin, and the previously undescribed quercetin 3-rhamnosylarabinoside. Braylin was co-extracted with the basic constituents, dictamnine, skimmianine and γ-fagarine. Acid hydrolysis of the leaves yielded cyanidin and delphinidin. 相似文献
216.
217.
S. T. Zakhidov T. L. Marshak E. A. Malolina A. Yu. Kulibin I.A. Zelenina S. M. Pavluchenkova V. M. Rudoi O. V. Dement’eva S. G. Skuridin Yu. M. Evdokimov 《Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplemental Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology》2010,4(3):293-296
The effect of gold nanoparticles on mouse epididymal sperm has been studied using the model system of nuclear chromatin decondensation
in vitro. It is shown that the treatment of gametes, preliminary membrane-freed by sodium dodecyl sulfate, in the mediums
containing gold nanoparticles (with diameter ∼2.5 nm) in concentrations 1.0 × 1015 or 0.5 × 1015 particles/ml and following incubation in dithiothreitol solution (DTT) resulted in failure of chromatin decondensation process
and nucleus structure. We conclude that gold nanoparticles possess spermatotoxicity. The mechanism of cytotoxic effect of
gold nanoparticles may be related with their interaction with molecules of double-helix DNA. The model system studied in this
research is applicable for further investigations of cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles of different origin and made of different
metals. 相似文献
218.
ESR spectra of gamma-irradiated and frozen at 77 K human oxyhemoglobin and partially denaturated methemoglobin solutions were analysed. The quartet signal ascribed to the anion-radical of proximal histidine was shown to dominate in the spectra of both solutions. The spectra of methemoglobin solution irradiated with relatively small doses have an intensive singlet ascribed to the stabilized electron. The formation mechanism of free radicals is discussed. 相似文献
219.
Biosynthesis of immunoglobulin A (IgA). Secretion and addition of carbohydrate to monomer and polymer forms of a mouse myeloma protein 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
Cell suspensions of mouse plasma-cell tumour MOPC 315 secreting predominantly IgA (immunoglobulin A) monomer and dimer were incubated with radioactive leucine, mannose, galactose and fucose for various periods of time. The amounts of secreted and intracellular immunoglobulins were measured by co-precipitation with specific antibody, and the molecular species present were assessed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Analysis of the secreted myeloma protein demonstrated that monomer and dimer IgA molecules are identical with respect to carbohydrate composition and rate of secretion. Within the cell, the myeloma protein is almost entirely accounted for by monomer units which either leave the cell as such or are polymerized with the addition of J chain close to the time of secretion. The results support the concept of a stepwise addition of carbohydrate residues to IgA immunoglobulin during the process of secretion. Similar patterns of carbohydrate assembly were found for the monomer or dimer molecules. Mannose residues are added at an early stage, whereas fucose is added close to the time of secretion. Galactose is also added early, but some may also be incorporated at a later stage. Control of IgA polymerization is considered unlikely to reflect regulation at the level of carbohydrate addition, and it is suggested that the critical controlling factor is the J chain. 相似文献
220.
Abstract— The effect of excess leucine in the diet on serotonin metabolism in the brain was investigated in experimental animals. It was found that:
(1) Animals receiving diets containing 3 % and 8 % leucine and those receiving jowar diets had significantly lower levels of serotonin in the brain.
(2) Intraperitoneal administration of the precursor amino acid 5-HTP increased the serotonin concentration in brain in both control and leucine-fed animals. However, the serotonin concentration in leucine-fed animals was significantly lower than that of pairfed controls. Larger amounts of the synthesized serotonin were found to be catabolized in 3 hr in leucine-fed animals than in control animals.
(3) The in vitro uptake of [14 C]5-HTP by brain slices of animals fed leucine was found to be similar to that of control animals.
(4) The basal concentration of 5-HIAA in brain was higher in leucine-fed animals, suggesting a higher rate of catabolism of serotonin.
(5) Administration of nicotinic acid resulted in a further fall of serotonin concentration in the brains of leucine-fed animals but not in control animals. 相似文献
(1) Animals receiving diets containing 3 % and 8 % leucine and those receiving jowar diets had significantly lower levels of serotonin in the brain.
(2) Intraperitoneal administration of the precursor amino acid 5-HTP increased the serotonin concentration in brain in both control and leucine-fed animals. However, the serotonin concentration in leucine-fed animals was significantly lower than that of pairfed controls. Larger amounts of the synthesized serotonin were found to be catabolized in 3 hr in leucine-fed animals than in control animals.
(3) The in vitro uptake of [
(4) The basal concentration of 5-HIAA in brain was higher in leucine-fed animals, suggesting a higher rate of catabolism of serotonin.
(5) Administration of nicotinic acid resulted in a further fall of serotonin concentration in the brains of leucine-fed animals but not in control animals. 相似文献