几种旱生灌木种子萌发对干旱胁迫的响应

以不同渗透势的PEG(6 0 0 0 )溶液 (- 0 .3～ - 2 .7MPa)为模拟干旱胁迫条件 ,研究了柠条 (Caraganakorshinskii)、花棒 (Hedysarumscoparium)和白沙蒿 (Artemisiasphaerocephala)种子发芽、幼苗生长和累积吸水率对干旱胁迫的响应 ,讨论了参试种子发芽特性、初生根长度与幼苗建植成活率的关系 .结果表明 ,干旱胁迫下柠条发芽率最高 ,其次为花棒 ,白沙蒿最低 . - 0 .3～ - 0 .6MPa渗透势下白沙蒿发芽 10d的初生根长度显著大于花棒和柠条 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,三者的测量值依次为 7.9、4 .5和 3.1cm .干旱胁迫条件下参试种子发芽率与种子 72h累积吸水率均呈极显著的正相关 (P <0 .0 1) .     

非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠脂质代谢及病理变化的动态观察

目的通过高脂饮食建立NAFLD大鼠模型,连续监测4～16周模型动物肝功能、脂质代谢、胰岛素抵抗及肝细胞凋亡在NAFLD进展过程中的变化情况及相互关系,为该模型在脂肪肝发病机制、脂肪肝治疗药物评价等方面的应用提供参考依据。方法 SD大鼠50只,除正常对照组外,其余动物饲喂高脂饲料,分别检测4,8,12,16周大鼠血清GLU、CHO、TG、HDL、LDL、GPT、GOT及胰岛素水平,肝脏组织切片进行病理学及细胞凋亡观察,进一步分析大鼠肝功能、脂质代谢、胰岛素抵抗及肝细胞凋亡对肝组织病理改变的影响。结果模型组大鼠4周后就出现肝功能损伤,脂质代谢紊乱、胰岛素抵抗,肝细胞凋亡8 W后明显增加,肝细胞脂变及炎症为肝组织病理变化的主要特征,且造模时间越长,病变程度越严重。结论经过高脂饲料的喂养,SD大鼠在4～16周内可形成病变程度逐步加重的NAFLD模型,肝功能损伤,脂质代谢紊乱及肝细胞凋亡是引起非酒精性脂肪肝中脂肪变性和炎症的重要因素,该模型可应用于脂肪肝治疗药物评价等方面。     

Characterization of heterotypic interaction effects <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> to deconvolute global gene expression profiles in cancer

Background  

Perturbations in cell-cell interactions are a key feature of cancer. However, little is known about the systematic effects of cell-cell interaction on global gene expression in cancer.     

Effects of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) and its inhibitor,Noggin, on <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>maturation and culture of bovine preimplantation embryos

Background  

BMP4 is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily and Noggin is a potent BMP inhibitor that exerts its function by binding to BMPs preventing interactions with its receptors. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of BMP4 and Noggin, on oocytes in vitro maturation (m experiments) and embryos in vitro development (c experiments) of bovine.     

Polypharmacy in the management of patients with schizophrenia on risperidone in a tertiary-care hospital in Malaysia

The present study was conducted primarily to determine the occurrence of polypharmacy in patients with schizophrenia on risperidone. The secondary aim was to ascertain the incidence of inappropriate prescribing with anticholinergics. A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who were being followed up at the out-patient clinic of a tertiary-care hospital in Malaysia was conducted. Only patients who were being prescribed risperidone between 1 June 2008 and 31 December 2008 were included in the study. Demographic data such as patient’s age, gender and race were obtained from the patient’s medical records. In total, 113 patients met the selection criteria. Polypharmacy was found to occur in 34 patients (30.09%), with the majority (76.47%) being on two antipsychotics. In total, 27 patients (34.18%) on monotherapy with risperidone were prescribed an anticholinergic on scheduled dosing, while 19 patients (24.05%) were prescribed it on an as-needed basis. Of the patients on polypharmacy, 26 (76.47%) were on scheduled dosing of anticholinergics, while three (8.82%) were taking the medication on an as-needed basis. Polypharmacy should be avoided, and the use of anticholinergics should be closely reviewed. By adopting more efficient prescribing practices, costs can be reduced and financial resources can instead be channelled towards more beneficial areas for the patients.     

Reflooding the Faguibine floodplain system,northern Mali: potential benefits and challenges

The Faguibine system, northern Mali, consists of a series of interconnected floodplains of which the flooded surface area declined from about 1 000 km² in the late 19th century to only some 90 km² in 2010. Flood extent depends on the height of the Niger River flood peak at Diré. Satellite imagery analysis indicated that a phase shift may have occurred in the year 2000, probably as a delayed consequence of the Sahelian drought of the 1970s compounded by the collapse of societal controls on water use during recent civil conflict. An economic evaluation of the system in 2011 showed US$100 000 per year of net income per flooded km² in Lake Faguibine, allowing vulnerable people to practise recession agriculture, to fish and to graze livestock. An intensive investment phase, combined with an approach of rebuilding local governance systems and environmental management capacity, could yield net benefits to the user communities of the order of ten times the maintenance costs, contributing to human well-being. The system is currently threatened by the building of the Fomi Dam in Guinea and by the planned expansion of irrigation upstream. There is also a risk of the return of a prolonged drought linked to the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation index.     

Molecular analysis of microbial community structures in pristine and contaminated aquifers: field and laboratory microcosm experiments

This study used phylogenetic probes in hybridization analysis to (i) determine in situ microbial community structures in regions of a shallow sand aquifer that were oxygen depleted and fuel contaminated (FC) or aerobic and noncontaminated (NC) and (ii) examine alterations in microbial community structures resulting from exposure to toluene and/or electron acceptor supplementation (nitrate). The latter objective was addressed by using the NC and FC aquifer materials for anaerobic microcosm studies in which phylogenetic probe analysis was complemented by microbial activity assays. Domain probe analysis of the aquifer samples showed that the communities were predominantly Bacteria; Eucarya and Archaea were not detectable. At the phylum and subclass levels, the FC and NC aquifer material had similar relative abundance distributions of 43 to 65% beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria (B+G), 31 to 35% alpha-Proteobacteria (ALF), 15 to 18% sulfate-reducing bacteria, and 5 to 10% high G+C gram positive bacteria. Compared to that of the NC region, the community structure of the FC material differed mainly in an increased abundance of B+G relative to that of ALF. The microcosm communities were like those of the field samples in that they were predominantly Bacteria (83 to 101%) and lacked detectable Archaea but differed in that a small fraction (2 to 8%) of Eucarya was detected regardless of the treatment applied. The latter result was hypothesized to reflect enrichment of anaerobic protozoa. Addition of nitrate and/or toluene stimulated microbial activity in the microcosms, but only supplementation of toluene alone significantly altered community structures. For the NC material, the dominant subclass shifted from B+G to ALF, while in the FC microcosms 55 to 65% of the Bacteria community was no longer identifiable by the phylum or subclass probes used. The latter result suggested that toluene exposure fostered the proliferation of phylotype(s) that were otherwise minor constituents of the FC aquifer community. These studies demonstrated that alterations in aquifer microbial communities resulting from specific anthropogenic perturbances can be inferred from microcosm studies integrating chemical and phylogenetic probe analysis and in the case of hydrocarbon contamination may facilitate the identification of organisms important for in situ biodegradation processes. Further work integrating and coordinating microcosm and field experiments is needed to explore how differences in scale, substrate complexity, and other hydrogeological conditions may affect patterns observed in these systems.     

Heat stress in grapevine: the pros and cons of acclimation

Heat stress is a major limiting factor of grapevine production and quality. Acclimation and recovery are essential to ensure plant survival, and the recovery mechanisms can be independent of the heat response mechanisms. An experimental set up with and without acclimation to heat followed by recovery [stepwise acclimation and recovery (SAR) and stepwise recovery (SR), respectively] was applied to two grapevine varieties, Touriga Nacional (TN), and Trincadeira (TR), with different tolerance to abiotic stress. Major differences were found between leaves of SAR and SR, especially after recovery; in SAR, almost all parameters returned to basal levels while in SR they remained altered. Acclimation led to a swifter and short‐term antioxidative response, affecting the plant to a lesser extent than SR. Significant differences were found among varieties: upon stress, TN significantly increased ascorbate and glutathione reduction levels, boosting the cell's redox‐buffering capacity, while TR needed to synthesize both metabolites, its response being insufficient to keep the redox state at working levels. TR was affected by stress for a longer period and the up‐regulation pattern of antioxidative stress genes was more obvious. In TN, heat shock proteins were significantly induced, but the canonical heat‐stress gene signature was not evident probably because no shutdown of the housekeeping metabolism was needed.     

中国岩黄芪属(豆科)植物资料增补

根据对标本的研究及文献资料的整理,证实了西伯利亚岩黄芪在中国的分布;山竹岩黄芪在新疆的分布新记录。另外,还报道了地中海岩黄芪在陕西的栽培记录。