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41.
Rajib Dhar Arikketh Devi Sukhamoy Gorai Saurabh Kumar Jha Athanasios Alexiou Marios Papadakis 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2023,27(11):1603-1607
This short communication will enlighten the readers about the exosome and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related to several complicated events. It also highlighted the therapeutic potential of exosomes against EMT. Exosome toxicology, exosome heterogeneity, and a single exosome profiling approach are also covered in this article. In the future, exosomes could help us get closer to cancer vaccine and precision oncology. 相似文献
42.
Mohammed Alrouji Hayder M. Al-kuraishy Ali I. Al-Gareeb Athanasios Alexiou Marios Papadakis Majid S. Jabir Hebatallah M. Saad Gaber El-Saber Batiha 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2023,27(13):1775-1789
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic predisposition and immune dysfunction are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Notably, peripheral inflammatory disorders and neuroinflammation are associated with PD neuropathology. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with inflammatory disorders due to hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Particularly, insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM promotes the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Thus, T2DM-induced inflammatory disorders predispose to the development and progression of PD, and their targeting may reduce PD risk in T2DM. Therefore, this narrative review aims to find the potential link between T2DM and PD by investigating the role of inflammatory signalling pathways, mainly the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the nod-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. NF-κB is implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM, and activation of NF-κB with induction of neuronal apoptosis was also confirmed in PD patients. Systemic activation of NLRP3 inflammasome promotes the accumulation of α-synuclein and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. Increasing α-synuclein in PD patients enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the release of interleukin (IL)-1β followed by the development of systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in T2DM patients could be the causal pathway in the development of PD. The inflammatory mechanisms triggered by activated NLRP3 inflammasome lead to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and the development of T2DM. Therefore, attenuation of inflammatory changes by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in the early T2DM may reduce future PD risk. 相似文献
43.
Extracellular space diffusion in central nervous system: anisotropic diffusion measured by elliptical surface photobleaching 下载免费PDF全文
Diffusion in the extracellular space (ECS) is crucial for normal central nervous system physiology. The determinants of ECS diffusion include viscous interactions with extracellular matrix/plasma membranes ("viscosity") and ECS geometry ("tortuosity"). To resolve viscosity versus tortuosity effects, we measured direction-dependent (anisotropic) diffusion in ECS in mouse spinal cord by photobleaching using an elliptical spot produced by a cylindrical lens in the excitation path. Anisotropic diffusion slowed fluorescence recovery when the long axis of the ellipse was parallel versus perpendicular to the direction of faster diffusion. A mathematical model was constructed to deduce diffusion coefficients (D(x), D(y)) from fluorescence recovery measured for parallel and perpendicular orientations of the long axis of the ellipse. Elliptical spot photobleaching was validated by photobleaching aqueous-phase fluorophores on a diffraction grating, where diffusion is one-dimensional. Measurement of the diffusion of 70 kDa FITC-dextran in spinal cord in living mice indicated that viscosity slows diffusion by approximately 1.8-fold compared with its diffusion in solution. ECS geometry hinders diffusion across (but not along) axonal fibers in spinal cord further by approximately fivefold. In cerebral cortex, however, approximately 50% of the hindrance to ECS diffusion comes from viscosity and approximately 50% from tortuosity. We suggest that the extracellular matrix might have evolved to facilitate rather than hinder diffusion even for large molecules. 相似文献
44.
Aquaporin-4 gene deletion in mice increases focal edema associated with staphylococcal brain abscess 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Brain abscess is associated with local vasogenic edema, which leads to increased intracranial pressure and significant morbidity. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel expressed in astroglia at the blood-brain and brain-CSF barriers. To investigate the role of AQP4 in brain abscess-associated edema, live Staphylococcus aureus (10(5) colony-forming units) was injected into the striatum to create a focal abscess. Wild-type and AQP4-deficient mice had comparable immune responses as measured by brain abscess volume (approximately 3.7 mm3 at 3 days), bacterial count and cytokine levels in brain homogenates. Blood-brain barrier permeability was increased comparably in both groups as assessed by extravasation of Evans blue dye. However, at 3 days the AQP4 null mice had significantly higher intracranial pressure (mean +/- SEM 27 +/- 2 vs. 17 +/- 2 mmHg; p < 0.001) and brain water content (81.0 +/- 0.3 vs. 79.3 +/- 0.5 % water by weight in the abscess-containing hemisphere; p < 0.01) than wild-type mice. Reactive astrogliosis was found throughout the abscess-containing hemisphere; however, only a subset of astrocytes in the peri-abscess region of wild-type mice had increased AQP4 immunoreactivity. Our findings demonstrate a protective effect of AQP4 on brain swelling in bacterial abscess, suggesting that AQP4 induction may reduce vasogenic edema associated with cerebral infection. 相似文献
45.
Selected samples of waste microbial biomass originating from various industrial fermentation processes and biological treatment plants have been screened for biosorbent properties in conjunction with uranium and thorium in aqueous solutions. Biosorption isotherms have been used for the evaluation of biosorptive uptake capacity of the biomass which was also compared to an activated carbon and the ion exchange resin currently used in uranium production processes. Determined uranium and thorium biosorption isotherms were independent of the initial U or Th solution concentration. Solution pH affected the exhibited uptake. In general, lower biosorptive uptake was exhibited at pH 2 than at pH 4. No discernible difference in uptake was observed between pH 4 and pH 5 where the optimum pH for biosorption lies. The biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus at pH 4 exhibited the highest uranium and thorium biosorptive uptake capacity (g) in excess of 180 mg/g. At an equilibrium uranium concentration of 30 mg/liter, R. arrhizus removed approximately 2.5 and 3.3 times more uranium than the ion exchange resin and activated carbon, respectively. Under the same conditions, R. arrhizus removed 20 times more thorium than the ion exchange resin and 2.3 times more than the activated carbon. R. arrhizus also exhibited higher uptake and a generally more favorable isotherm for both uranium and thorium than all other biomass types examined. 相似文献
46.
Maria Tseroni Danai Pervanidou Persefoni Tserkezou George Rachiotis Ourania Pinaka Agoritsa Baka Theano Georgakopoulou Annita Vakali Martha Dionysopoulou Irene Terzaki Andriani Marka Marios Detsis Zafiroula Evlampidou Anastasia Mpimpa Evdokia Vassalou Sotirios Tsiodras Athanasios Tsakris Jenny Kremastinou Christos Hadjichristodoulou MALWEST Project 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Greece, a malaria-free country since 1974, has experienced re-emergence of Plasmodium vivax autochthonous malaria cases in some agriculture areas over the last three years. In early 2012, an integrated control programme (MALWEST Project) was launched in order to prevent re-establishment of the disease. In the context of this project, the rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) of SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf/Pan that detects hrp-2 and pan-LDH antigens were used. The aim of this study was to assess the field application of the RDT for the P. vivax diagnosis in comparison to light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 955 samples were tested with all three diagnostic tools. Agreement of RDT against microscopy and PCR for the diagnosis of P. vivax was satisfactory (K value: 0.849 and 0.976, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of RDT against PCR was 95.6% (95% C.I.: 84.8-99.3), 100% (95% C.I.: 99.6-100.0) and 100% (95% CI: 91.7-100.0) respectively, while the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of RDT against microscopic examination was 97.4% (95% C.I.: 86.1-99.6), 99.4% (95% C.I.: 98.6-99.8) and 86.1% (95% CI: 72.1-94.7), respectively. Our results indicate that RDT performed satisfactory in a non-endemic country and therefore is recommended for malaria diagnosis, especially in areas where health professionals lack experience on light microscopy. 相似文献
47.
Detection and Characterization of Wolbachia Infections in Natural Populations of Aphids: Is the Hidden Diversity Fully Unraveled? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Augustinos AA Santos-Garcia D Dionyssopoulou E Moreira M Papapanagiotou A Scarvelakis M Doudoumis V Ramos S Aguiar AF Borges PA Khadem M Latorre A Tsiamis G Bourtzis K 《PloS one》2011,6(12):e28695
Aphids are a serious threat to agriculture, despite being a rather small group of insects. The about 4,000 species worldwide engage in highly interesting and complex relationships with their microbial fauna. One of the key symbionts in arthropods is Wolbachia, an α-Proteobacterium implicated in many important biological processes and believed to be a potential tool for biological control. Aphids were thought not to harbour Wolbachia; however, current data suggest that its presence in aphids has been missed, probably due to the low titre of the infection and/or to the high divergence of the Wolbachia strains of aphids. The goal of the present study is to map the Wolbachia infection status of natural aphids populations, along with the characterization of the detected Wolbachia strains. Out of 425 samples from Spain, Portugal, Greece, Israel and Iran, 37 were found to be infected. Our results, based mainly on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, indicate the presence of two new Wolbachia supergroups prevailing in aphids, along with some strains belonging either to supergroup B or to supergroup A. 相似文献
48.
Doonan RJ Scheffler P Yu A Egiziano G Mutter A Bacon S Carli F Daskalopoulos ME Daskalopoulou SS 《PloS one》2011,6(10):e26151
Background
Studies showed that long-standing smokers have stiffer arteries at rest. However, the effect of smoking on the ability of the vascular system to respond to increased demands (physical stress) has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of smoking on arterial stiffness and subendocardial viability ratio, at rest and after acute exercise in young healthy individuals.Methods/Results
Healthy light smokers (n = 24, pack-years = 2.9) and non-smokers (n = 53) underwent pulse wave analysis and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurements at rest, and 2, 5, 10, and 15 minutes following an exercise test to exhaustion. Smokers were tested, 1) after 12h abstinence from smoking (chronic condition) and 2) immediately after smoking one cigarette (acute condition). At rest, chronic smokers had higher augmentation index and lower aortic pulse pressure than non-smokers, while subendocardial viability ratio was not significantly different. Acute smoking increased resting augmentation index and decreased subendocardial viability ratio compared with non-smokers, and decreased subendocardial viability ratio compared with the chronic condition. After exercise, subendocardial viability ratio was lower, and augmentation index and aortic pulse pressure were higher in non-smokers than smokers in the chronic and acute conditions. cfPWV rate of recovery of was greater in non-smokers than chronic smokers after exercise. Non-smokers were also able to achieve higher workloads than smokers in both conditions.Conclusion
Chronic and acute smoking appears to diminish the vascular response to physical stress. This can be seen as an impaired ‘vascular reserve’ or a blunted ability of the blood vessels to accommodate the changes required to achieve higher workloads. These changes were noted before changes in arterial stiffness or subendocardial viability ratio occurred at rest. Even light smoking in young healthy individuals appears to have harmful effects on vascular function, affecting the ability of the vascular bed to respond to increased demands. 相似文献49.
Sofya Kulikova Marios Abatis Celine Heng Vincent Lelievre 《Cell Adhesion & Migration》2011,5(4):277-279
A hallmark of neurogenesis in vertebrates is the apical-basal fluctuation of radial glia nuclei. Such a phenomenon, called INM, has been known for decades and is closely associated with mitosis but still puzzles scientists. An impressive step in the molecular understanding of INM has recently been achieved by Tsai and coworkers. Using RNA interference associated with time-lapse imaging, these authors demonstrated a dual motor system that can push/pull the nuclei accordingly with the cell cycle stages.Key words: interkinetic nuclear migration (INM), radial glial progenitor cells (RGPCs), dynein (Dyn), kinesin (Kin), neurogenesis 相似文献
50.
Alcohol Induces Sensitization to Gluten in Genetically Susceptible Individuals: A Case Control Study
Stuart Currie Nigel Hoggard Matthew J. R. Clark David S. Sanders Iain D. Wilkinson Paul D. Griffiths Marios Hadjivassiliou 《PloS one》2013,8(10)