轻型飞机防治森林害虫技术

论述海燕650B轻型飞机防治森林害虫的作业技术,系统探讨诸因素与防治效果和作业效率的关系。结果表明,海燕650B轻型飞机在风速小于3m/s,飞行高度在10-25m间,作业速度110km/h时,利用超低量喷洒技术,运用风动式雾化器喷洒白僵菌生物制剂与化学农药的混合剂防治森林害虫,防治效果好,经济效益高。     

《蛛形学报》(1992～2001年)学术论文计量分析

采用文献计量的方法分析了《蛛形学报》（1992～2001)发表的学术论文、刊物特色、作者地区、单位分布,引文概况,并就进一步推动《蛛形学报》的发展提出了建议。     

蚯蚓中抗肿瘤蛋白组分的提取分离及其抗肿瘤活性

以赤子爱胜蚓为原料 ,通过蛋白质的丙酮沉淀和凝胶过滤 ,分离得到一组抗肿瘤活性蛋白成分 (简称蚯蚓抽提物 ) ;这组成分富含Fe、Zn、Cu以及Se等微量元素 ,蛋白含量为 6 0 4 3± 2 36 %(n =5 ) .体外实验中 ,通过MTT法和SRB法测定了蚯蚓抽提物对多种人癌细胞株 (HCT 116、SY5Y、K5 6 2、MGc80 3和HeLa)以及正常细胞株 (HEK2 93和COS 7)的抑制杀伤率 .结果表明 ,蚯蚓抽提物对癌细胞的杀伤有一定的选择性 ,受试人癌细胞达到 5 0 %生长抑制率所需作用浓度约 6 0～110mg L ;但是 ,10 0℃煮沸 5min后 ,该抑制活性完全消失 .通过纤维蛋白平板法 ,测得蚯蚓抽提物同时具有纤溶酶和纤溶酶原激活酶的活性 .体外测得丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂aprotinin和PMSF能显著抑制蚯蚓抽提物的细胞杀伤活性 .体内实验中 ,蚯蚓抽提物能有效延长荷瘤 (S180 )小鼠的生存时间 ,并使其身体机能得到明显改善 .腹膜内注射剂量为 2 8mg kg和 36mg kg时 ,生命延长率分别为135 3%和 12 3 5 % ,和标准药物 (环磷酰胺 )治疗后结果 (76 5 % )相比 ,有显著性差异     

家蝇卵黄蛋白基因的克隆与结构序列分析

家蝇卵黄蛋白基因编码的卵黄蛋白是家蝇胚胎发育的重要营养来源 .根据 3种家蝇卵黄蛋白cDNA保守序列设计引物 ,用PCR技术从家蝇基因组DNA中扩增到大小为 76 8bp的mdYP1基因的部分DNA片段 .经地高辛标记成特异性探针 ,从构建的家蝇基因组文库中筛选出一个阳性克隆 ,并从该克隆中分离到大小为 3991bp的mdYP1基因组基因 .序列分析显示 ,该基因组序列含有约1 6kb的 5′ 上游区和 1 0kb的 3′ 下游区 ,编码区由一个 6 1bp的内含子和大小分别为 2 2 2bp和10 2 8bp的 2个外显子组成 .5′ 上游区含有典型的CAAT TATA盒 .     

玉米及马齿苋叶片SOD活性诱导研究

以玉米幼苗及马齿苋作材料,通过甘露醇、H2O2、臭氧和强光等胁迫后,用NBT光化还原抑制法测定叶中SOD活性的变化。臭氧和强光能诱导玉米叶片SOD活性增加。0.5mol／L甘露醇处理玉米叶片12h,SOD活性上升,至48h后下降;在该甘露醇溶液中另外加入10^-2mol/L H2O2;处理12h后SOD活性基本不变。对玉米叶片单独用10^-2mol/L H2O2诱导,30min内SOD活性上升到最高值,随着处理时间的延长又逐渐下降。用耐强光、耐干旱的野生马齿苋作为材料,与玉米相比,其叶片SOD基础活性低于后者;若予以正午强光结合渗透胁迫2h,其叶中SOD活性增幅超过玉米,从种间比较的角度旁证了SOD在抗逆性中的作用。推测植物中存在比活性氧更为直接的物理诱导机制。     

体内精原干细胞转染法建立转基因小鼠

将人Bcl-2 cDNA与小鼠乳清酸蛋白(WAP)5’上游调控序列融合后,与脂质体按一定比例混合,再加入适量的台盼蓝制成转染液,注入到小鼠睾丸中的曲细精管中,转染精原干细胞以探讨建立转基因小鼠的可行性。共注射了3只公鼠,4天后将公鼠与发情母鼠合笼交配,共生仔鼠20只。检测结果表明,有3只呈PCR阳性,Southern blot检测,阳性鼠2只,1只公鼠,1只母鼠,其中,公鼠意外死亡;Western blot证实,1只母鼠的乳腺组织表达了Bcl-2蛋白,其F1代的16只小鼠中,有7只呈PCR阳性。证实了体内精原干细胞转染建立转基因动物的可行性。     

胡萝卜光自养型愈伤组织的诱导培养及其光合特性

经诱导得到胡萝卜光自养型愈伤组织。以叶绿素为单位计算,获得的光自养型愈伤组织的光合活力达到甚至超过了整体植株叶片水平。同时测定愈伤组织光自养过程中光合特性的变化,结果表明其叶绿素含量逐渐上升、暗呼吸速率和Chl a/Chl b比值逐渐下降。并且用电子显微镜观察到愈伤组织中叶绿体结构逐渐发育的过程。     

栝楼籽中一种新的具有蛋白质生物合成抑制活性的多肽——Trichokirin-S1的分离、纯化和性质

改进了常规的核糖体失活蛋白的分离纯化方案 ,首先采用抽提蛋白体的方法 ,提高了分离效果 ,然后再经硫酸铵分级沉淀、FPLCMonoS阳离子交换层析和Superose12凝胶过滤层析等步骤 ,从栝楼种子中分离到一种新的多肽———trichokirin S1。经MALDI TOFMS质谱分析测得其分子量为 114 2 6。该肽的N端氨基酸序列为PRRKEG GSFDECCSE ,与一种存在于南瓜籽中的小分子核糖体失活蛋白 β moschin具有很高的同源性。trichokirin S1对核糖体失活的机制与天花粉蛋白 (TCS)一致 ,是rRNAN 糖苷酶催化型的 ,对兔网织红细胞裂解液系统蛋白质生物合成有较强的抑制作用 ,IC50 为 0 .71nmol L ,因而有可能开发成免疫毒素的高效“弹头”。     

Metabolism in 1,3‐propanediol fed‐batch fermentation by a D‐lactate deficient mutant of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae HR526, a new isolated 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PD) producer, exhibited great productivity. However, the accumulation of lactate in the late‐exponential phase remained an obstacle of 1,3‐PD industrial scale production. Hereby, mutants lacking D ‐lactate pathway were constructed by knocking out the ldhA gene encoding fermentative D ‐lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of HR526. The mutant K. pneumoniae LDH526 with the lowest LDH activity was studied in aerobic fed‐batch fermentation. In experiments using pure glycerol as feedstock, the 1,3‐PD concentrations, conversion, and productivity increased from 95.39 g L^?1, 0.48 and 1.98 g L^?1 h^?1 to 102. 06 g L^?1, 0.52 mol mol^?1 and 2.13 g L^?1 h^?1, respectively. The diol (1,3‐PD and 2,3‐butanediol) conversion increased from 0.55 mol mol^?1 to a maximum of 0.65 mol mol^?1. Lactate would not accumulate until 1,3‐PD exceeded 84 g L^?1, and the final lactate concentration decreased dramatically from more than 40 g L^?1 to <3 g L^?1. Enzymic measurements showed LDH activity decreased by 89–98% during fed‐batch fermentation, and other related enzyme activities were not affected. NADH/NAD⁺ enhanced more than 50% in the late‐exponential phase as the D ‐lactate pathway was cut off, which might be the main reason for the change of final metabolites concentrations. The ability to utilize crude glycerol from biodiesel process and great genetic stability demonstrated that K. pnemoniae LDH526 was valuable for 1,3‐PD industrial production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 965–972. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Early thyroid development requires a Tbx1-Fgf8 pathway

The thyroid develops within the pharyngeal apparatus from endodermally-derived cells. The many derivatives of the pharyngeal apparatus develop at similar times and sometimes from common cell types, explaining why many syndromic disorders express multiple birth defects affecting different structures that share a common pharyngeal origin. Thus, different derivatives may share common genetic networks during their development. Tbx1, the major gene associated with DiGeorge syndrome, is a key player in the global development of the pharyngeal apparatus, being required for virtually all its derivatives, including the thyroid. Here we show that Tbx1 regulates the size of the early thyroid primordium through its expression in the adjacent mesoderm. Because Tbx1 regulates the expression of Fgf8 in the mesoderm, we postulated that Fgf8 mediates critical Tbx1-dependent interactions between mesodermal cells and endodermal thyrocyte progenitors. Indeed, conditional ablation of Fgf8 in Tbx1-expressing cells caused an early thyroid phenotype similar to that of Tbx1 mutant mice. In addition, expression of an Fgf8 cDNA in the Tbx1 domain rescued the early size defect of the thyroid primordium in Tbx1 mutants. Thus, we have established that a Tbx1->Fgf8 pathway in the pharyngeal mesoderm is a key size regulator of mammalian thyroid.