安徽发现腹侧颈部白化的几内亚长翼蝠

2006年10月24日,在安徽省六安市金寨县响洪甸水库附近的矿洞中捕捉到1只腹侧颈部白化的雌性几内亚长翼蝠(Miniopterus magnater:Chiroptera,Vespertilionidae),该只白化个体的体重、头体长、前臂长、胫骨长、后足长、尾长、耳长和耳宽分别为14.4g、50.1mm、48.2mm、20.7mm、9.3mm、51.2mm、10.7mm和8.8mm,均在正常个体数据范围之内。     

稻米垩白形成的气象生态基础研究

在全国13个点、19个品种多播期试验基础上,对稻米垩自形成的气象生态基础进行了分析。结果表明,水稻齐穗后15天的日均温是影响稻米垩白大小的主要气象因子。经对稻米垩白与齐穗后15天内均温关系的动态分析可知,稻米垩白随该时段温度提高而增大的拐点温度约为29℃(品种间略有差异),接近或超过该点温度,稻米垩白会突发性地增加。     

Wangella harbinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae

A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-J3^T, was isolated from soybean root (Glycine max (L.) Merr) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain NEAU-J3^T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae. The strain was observed to form an extensively branched substrate mycelium, which carried non-motile oval spores with a smooth surface. The cell walls of strain NEAU-J3^T were determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and galactose, ribose and glucose were detected as whole-cell sugars. The major menaquinones were determined to be MK-9(H₄) and MK-9(H₆). The phospholipids detected were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were determined to be C_16:0, C_18:1 ω9c, C_18:0, C_17:0, C_17:1 ω7c, anteiso-C_17:0, C_16:1 ω7c and C_15:0. The DNA G + C content was 62.5 mol%. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides, strain NEAU-J3^T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Wangella harbinensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Wangella harbinensis is strain NEAU-J3^T (=CGMCC 4.7039^T = DSM 45747^T).     

Quorum Sensing System Used as a Tool in Metabolic Engineering

Quorum sensing (QS) is a ubiquitous cell–cell communication mechanism in microbes that coordinates population‐level cell behaviors, such as biofilm production, virulence, swarming motility, and bacterial persistence. Efforts to engineer QS systems to take part in metabolic network regulation represent a promising strategy for synthetic biology and pathway engineering. Recently, design, construction, and implementation of QS circuits for programmed control of bacterial phenotypes and metabolic pathways have gained much attention, but have not been reviewed recently. In this article, the architectural organizations and genetic contributions of the naturally occurring QS components to understand the mechanisms are summarized. Then, the most recent progress in application of QS toolkits to develop synthetic networks for novel cell behaviors creation and metabolic pathway engineering is highlighted. The current challenges in large‐scale application of these QS circuits in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering fields are discussed and future perspectives for further engineering efforts are provided.     

Caspase-3：治疗神经退行性疾病的新靶点

Caspase-3是caspases家族（一类天冬氨酸特异性酶切半胱氨酸蛋白酶）中的成员,是哺乳动物细胞凋亡的关键蛋白酶.随着研究的深入,发现caspase-3在神经退行性疾病的病理过程中起着很重要的角色.Caspase-3在这些疾病的病理过程中,不仅仅是起着凋亡的效应器作用,还能直接与老年性痴呆症、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿舞蹈病、脊椎小脑失调等疾病的致病蛋白质分子相互作用,参与致病机制.因此,caspase-3是治疗神经退行性疾病的新靶点,寻找caspase-3高效高选择性的抑制剂将为治疗神经退行性疾病提供新的途径.     

Combinatorial signals of activin/nodal and bone morphogenic protein regulate the early lineage segregation of human embryonic stem cells

Cell fate commitment of pre-implantation blastocysts, to either the inner cell mass or trophoblast, is the first step in cell lineage segregation of the developing human embryo. However, the intercellular signals that control fate determination of these cells remain obscure. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a unique model for studying human early embryonic development. We have previously shown that Activin/Nodal signaling contributes to maintaining pluripotency of hESCs, which are derivatives of the inner cell mass. Here we further demonstrate that the inhibition of Activin/Nodal signaling results in the loss of hESC pluripotency and trophoblast differentiation, similar to BMP4-induced trophoblast differentiation from hESCs. We also show that the trophoblast induction effect of BMP4 correlates with and depends on the inhibition of Activin/Nodal signaling. However, the activation of BMP signaling is still required for trophoblast differentiation when Activin/Nodal signaling is inhibited. These data reveal that the early lineage segregation of hESCs is determined by the combinatorial signals of Activin/Nodal and BMP.     

吸附剂及培养基组成对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响

本文报道了培养基的组成及添加吸附剂对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响。结果表明,添加吸附剂活性炭及XAD-2后,香荚兰细胞产生的香兰素含量明显增加,而且活性炭的效果优于XAD-2;香荚兰细胞在全组成的MS培养基中香兰素含量均低于由矿物质盐组成培养基中的含量。可以考虑采用二步培养法来培养香荚兰细胞及产生香兰素。     

小鼠着丝粒DNA探针对流式仪分选微核的染色体组成的初步研究

本文报道用作者建立的流式细胞仪红细胞微核自动检测技术,将染色体断裂剂丝裂霉素C(MMC)和非整倍体毒剂秋水仙碱(COM)诱导的大量微核分选在载玻片上,然后使用小鼠着丝粒γ-卫星DNA探针(约为234bp),对分选微核进行荧光原位杂交(FISH),以显示微核(MN)内着丝粒的情况,进而判定M N是由整条染色体还是由染色体断片组成。结果MN内着丝粒荧光阳性比例为COM50.1%,MMC 22.3%。两者相差显著,藉此方法可以准确有效地将两类毒剂区分开。 Abstract:Basis on auther’s new automatic flow cytometric technique for micronuclei,a lot micronuclei induced by clastogen Mitomycin C and aneugen colcemid were collected on slides using sorting function of flow cytometry,them the centromere Gamma satellite DNA probes of mouse (about 234bp) was used to do in situ hybridization for micronuclei,furthermore,the kinetochores of micronuclei can be showed,and the micronuclei which consist of the whole chromosomes or the chromosome fragments,can also be indicated.The results showed that 50.1% MN induced by COM and 22.3% MN induced by MMC had the positive fluorescent singles.There are significant difference between them,this means it is possible to distinglish clastogens and aneugens exactly and effectively with this method.     

Tat-MANF融合蛋白的制备及生物活性研究

目的：构建用于表达具有Tat序列的新型神经营养因子MANF（mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor）融合蛋白（Tat-MANF）的重组质粒;利用原核细胞表达系统表达该重组蛋白,并检测其生物学活性。方法：以MANF cDNA为模板,利用PCR技术在上下游分别添加TAT序列和His标签及合适的限制性酶切位点,构建TAT-MANF融合基因。插入表达载体Pet22b⁺后,转化大肠杆菌BL21进行表达和纯化,用SDS-PAGE及Western印迹鉴定表达的重组蛋白。为了验证Tat-MANF的生物学活性,用30μmol/L浓度的6-羟多巴胺（6-OHDA）对神经母胶质瘤细胞（SH-SY5Y）进行毒性诱导,同时加入2μg/ml的TAT-MANF及对照MANF蛋白,24h后用流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡率。用脑微血管内皮细胞（B-endo3）体外模拟血脑屏障,与FITC标记的Tat-MANF共孵育4h,荧光显微镜下观察。结果：成功构建TAT-MANF融合基因,表达产物与目的蛋白大小相符,能与MANF抗体发生结合反应。重组蛋白可减少由6-OHDA导致的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,Tat-MANF-FITC与B-end3细胞共孵育4h后,可见细胞内明显荧光。结论：获得的重组蛋白Tat-MANF具有神经细胞保护作用及跨膜功能,为进一步开展帕金森症的体内治疗研究奠定了物质基础。