Untersuchungen Über faktoren,die sich bei folgekultivierung der pflanzen geltend machen

V práci byla sledována mo?nost allelopatického ovlivňování následných rostlin p?edplodinami p?i kultivaoi v odstupňovaných ?asových intervalech po sobě v té?e zemině u tě chto kombinací: mák — cukrovka, ho??ice — je?men, konopí — ?ito, cibule — ?epka. Pokusy byly prováděny v kvítiná?ích s kompostovou zeminou, umístěných během pokusu na zahradě a zapu? těných do p?dy. Byl sledován r?st p?edplodin a následných rostlin v po?áte?ních fá zích r?stu. P?ed vysetím následných rostlin byla stanovena u odebraných vzork? zemin intensita respirace, okam?itá vlhkost a obsah fyziologicky p?ístupného dusíku, fosforu a draslíku. Ve v?ech zkou?ených kombinacích byly následné rostliny ovlivněny kultivací p?edplodiny a následným ulo?ením zeminy. Změny r?stu následných rostlin ?áste? ně korelovaly s obsahem fyziologicky p?ístupného dusíku v zemině. Podle jejich charakteru v?ak bylo té? patrno, ?e se na nich podílely i allelopatické faktory. Zna?ně inhibi?ně p?sobil mák na cukrovku, mé ně inhibi?ně p?sobila ho??ice na je?men a cibule na ?epku. ??inek konopí na ?ito byl promě nný s dobou ulo?ení zeminy. Změny v obsahu fyziologicky p?ístupného dusíku, fosforu a draslíku v pokusné zemině neodpovídaly . mno?ství narostlé p?edplodiny, co? bylo podmíněno pou?itou kultiva?ní metodikou. Poměrně rychlé doplňování p?edplodinou vy?erpaných dusi?nan? v pokusné zemině s dobou jejího ulo?ení bylo pravděpodobně podmíněno nitrifikacními procesy. Podle stanovených změn intensity respirace pokusné zeminy se na allelopatickém ovlivnění mohla podílet i pudní mikroflora.     

Analysis of protein composition of rabbit aqueous humor following two different cataract surgery incision procedures using 2-DE and LC-MS/MS

Background  

The aqueous humor (AH), a liquid of the anterior and posterior chamber of the eye, comprises many proteins with various roles and important biological functions. Many of these proteins have not been identified yet and their functions in AH are still unknown. Recently, our laboratory published the protein database of AH obtained from healthy rabbits which expanded known protein identifications by 65%. Our present study extends our previous work and analyses AH following two types of cataract surgery incision procedures (clear corneal and limbal incisions) by using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Although both incision protocols are commonly used during cataract surgeries, the difference in protein composition and their release into AH following each surgery has never been systematically compared and remains unclear. The first step, which is the focus of this work, is to assess the scale of the protein change, at which time does maximum release occurs and when possible, to identify protein changes.     

Impact of fishery management on Cladoceran populations

Zooplankton of the fish pond reveals a two-year periodicity, which is induced by the two-year cycle of fishery management. In the first year of each cycle, the biomass of large cladocerans prevailed — mainly adult specimens of the species Daphnia pulicaria Forbes, which were absent in the second year. The species Daphnia galeata Sars was present in both years, however, it is more numerous in the second year. The fraction of small zooplankton (rotifers, nauplii, Bosmina, newborn Daphnia) was abundant in the second years, but scarce in the first years, respectively.     

The increased activity of TRPV4 channel in the astrocytes of the adult rat hippocampus after cerebral hypoxia/ischemia

The polymodal transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel, a member of the TRP channel family, is a calcium-permeable cationic channel that is gated by various stimuli such as cell swelling, low pH and high temperature. Therefore, TRPV4-mediated calcium entry may be involved in neuronal and glia pathophysiology associated with various disorders of the central nervous system, such as ischemia. The TRPV4 channel has been recently found in adult rat cortical and hippocampal astrocytes; however, its role in astrocyte pathophysiology is still not defined. In the present study, we examined the impact of cerebral hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) on the functional expression of astrocytic TRPV4 channels in the adult rat hippocampal CA1 region employing immunohistochemical analyses, the patch-clamp technique and microfluorimetric intracellular calcium imaging on astrocytes in slices as well as on those isolated from sham-operated or ischemic hippocampi. Hypoxia/ischemia was induced by a bilateral 15-minute occlusion of the common carotids combined with hypoxic conditions. Our immunohistochemical analyses revealed that 7 days after H/I, the expression of TRPV4 is markedly enhanced in hippocampal astrocytes of the CA1 region and that the increasing TRPV4 expression coincides with the development of astrogliosis. Additionally, adult hippocampal astrocytes in slices or cultured hippocampal astrocytes respond to the TRPV4 activator 4-alpha-phorbol-12,-13-didecanoate (4αPDD) by an increase in intracellular calcium and the activation of a cationic current, both of which are abolished by the removal of extracellular calcium or exposure to TRP antagonists, such as Ruthenium Red or RN1734. Following hypoxic/ischemic injury, the responses of astrocytes to 4αPDD are significantly augmented. Collectively, we show that TRPV4 channels are involved in ischemia-induced calcium entry in reactive astrocytes and thus, might participate in the pathogenic mechanisms of astroglial reactivity following ischemic insult.     

Secreted proteins as a fundamental source for biomarker discovery

The proteins secreted by various cells (the secretomes) are a potential rich source of biomarkers as they reflect various states of the cells at real time and at given conditions. To have accessible, sufficient and reliable protein markers is desirable as they mark various stages of disease development and their presence/absence can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification and therapeutic monitoring. As direct analysis of blood/plasma, a common and noninvasive patient screening method, can be difficult for candidate protein biomarker identification, the alternative/complementary approaches are required, one of them is the analysis of secretomes in cell conditioned media in vitro. As the proteins secreted by cells as a response to various stimuli are most likely secreted into blood/plasma, the identification and pre-selection of candidate protein biomarkers from cell secretomes with subsequent validation of their presence at higher levels in serum/plasma is a promising approach. In this review, we discuss the proteins secreted by three progenitor cell types (smooth muscle, endothelial and cardiac progenitor cells) and two adult cell types (neonatal rat ventrical myocytes and smooth muscle cells) which can be relevant to cardiovascular research and which have been recently published in the literature. We found, at least for secretome studies included in this review, that secretomes of progenitor and adult cells overlap by 48% but the secretomes are very distinct among progenitor cell themselves as well as between adult cells. In addition, we compared secreted proteins to protein identifications listed in the Human Plasma PeptideAtlas and in two reports with cardiovascular-related proteins and we performed the extensive literature search to find if any of these secreted proteins were identified in a biomarker study. As expected, many proteins have been identified as biomarkers in cancer but 18 proteins (out of 62) have been tested as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases as well.