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31.
Comparative studies of nickel,cobalt, and copper uptake by some nickel hyperaccumulators of the genus Alyssum 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The uptake of Ni, Co, and Cu by the nickel hyperaccumulator Alyssum troodii Boiss and the non-accumulator Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. were studied in pot trials using artificial rooting media with varying concentrations of the metals added as soluble salts, singly and in combination. The ability of five other Ni hyperaccumulating species of Alyssum to hyperaccumulate Co was also investigated.Leaves and stems of A. troodii accumulated Ni to almost the same extent (8000–10 000 g g-1). In roots, the highest Ni concentration was 2000 g g-1. In leaves of Au. saxatilis, the maximum Ni concentration was only 380 g g-1 and the level in roots was even lower.In media containing Co, the maximum concentration of this element in A. troodii (2325 g g-1) was ten times higher than in the non-accumulator species. Slightly less Co was found in stems and roots of both species. Among the other Ni hyperaccumulators, the maximum concentration of Co in leaves ranged from about 1000–8000 g g-1.Copper concentrations were the same in all organs of both species when they were grown in copper-rich media and were in the range 40–80 g g-1, showing that neither plant was capable of taking up Cu at levels comparable to those of Ni and Co.When both plants were grown in media containing equal amounts of both Co and Ni, the Co concentrations in plant organs were the same as for specimens grown in media containing Co only. However, the Ni levels were lower in both species. Uptake of Co therefore appeared to suppress Ni uptake.Pot trials showed that the order of tolerance was Ni>Cu>Co for A. troodii and Ni>CoCu for Au. saxatilis, whereas the seedling tests showed the order to be Co>Ni>Cu. At metal concentrations 10 000 g g-1, the overall tolerance of A. troodii was greater than that of Au. saxatilis which exhibited equally low tolerance to Ni and Cu.We conclude that in A. troodii, A. corsicum Duby, A. heldreichii Hausskn., A. murale Waldstein & Kitaibel, A. pintodasilvae T.R. Dudley, and A. tenium Hálácsy, Ni tolerance and hyperaccumulation conveys the same character towards Co. This behaviour should be investigated in other hyperaccumulators of Ni and/or Co. 相似文献
32.
33.
Features of target cell lysis by class I and class II MHC-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M M Maimone L A Morrison V L Braciale T J Braciale 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1986,137(11):3639-3643
The lytic activity of influenza virus-specific murine cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones that are restricted by either H-2K/D (class I) or H-2I (class II) major histocompatibility (MHC) locus products was compared on an influenza virus-infected target cell expressing both K/D and I locus products. With the use of two in vitro measurements of cytotoxicity, conventional 51Cr release, and detergent-releasable radiolabeled DNA (as a measure of nuclear disintegration in the early post-lethal hit period), we found no difference between class I and class II MHC-restricted CTL in the kinetics of target cell destruction. In addition, class II MHC-restricted antiviral CTL failed to show any lysis of radiolabeled bystander cells. Killing of labeled specific targets by these class II MHC-restricted CTL was also efficiently inhibited by unlabeled specific competitor cells in a cold target inhibition assay. In sum, these data suggest that class I and class II MHC-restricted CTL mediate target cell destruction by an essentially similar direct mechanism. 相似文献
34.
C L Baldwin A J Teale J G Naessens B M Goddeeris N D MacHugh W I Morrison 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1986,136(12):4385-4391
We report the identification of a subset of bovine T cells by two monoclonal antibodies (mAb), IL-A11 and IL-A12, and some functional analyses of these cells. Both mAb precipitate two polypeptides, called BoT4, with apparent molecular mass of 52 and 55 kilodaltons. The epitopes recognized by these two mAb are different, however. BoT4 is found on approximately 70% of thymocytes and 30% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM), is not expressed by monocytes or B cells, and is found on cells in the T-dependent areas of lymph nodes. BoT4+ lymphocytes purified by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter proliferate in response to mitogenic and alloantigenic stimulation without addition of exogenous growth factors, whereas BoT4- lymphocytes do not. Monoclonal antibodies IL-A11 and IL-A12 have no effect on mitogen- (PHA and Con A) or alloantigen-induced proliferation of PBM. Monoclonal antibody IL-A12 has no inhibitory effect on the cytolytic activity of bulk populations of alloreactive T lymphocytes, and most of the cytolytic activity generated in mixed leukocyte culture is ascribable to the BoT4- population. Using cloned alloantigen-specific lymphocytes, we found that the ability of BoT4+ clones to proliferate to alloantigenic stimuli without exogenous growth factors is a characteristic of some clones, as is susceptibility to inhibition of proliferation by mAb IL-A12. These results implicate the BoT4 molecule in antigen recognition but indicate that the requirement for BoT4 is variable among clones. Our findings, together with those in the companion paper, which provides evidence that BoT4+ lymphocytes are class II restricted, indicate that BoT4+ lymphocytes are the bovine equivalent of Leu3/T4+ lymphocytes of humans and analogous lymphocytes of other species. 相似文献
35.
Modulation of beta-adrenergic response in rat brain astrocytes by serum and hormones 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Purified astrocyte cultures from neonatal rat cerebrum respond to isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, with a transient rise in cAMP production. This astroglial property was regulated by serum, a chemically defined medium (serum-free medium plus hydrocortisone, putrescine, prostaglandin F2 alpha, insulin, and fibroblast growth factor) and epidermal growth factor. Compared to astrocytes grown in serum-supplemented medium, astrocytes grown in the chemically defined medium were nonresponsive to isoproterenol stimulation, and this difference did not appear to be due to selection of a subpopulation of cells by either medium. The data suggest that a decreased beta-adrenergic receptor number and an increased degradation of cAMP may account for the reduced response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. The nonresponsive state of astrocytes in the defined medium was reversible when the medium was replaced with serum-supplemented medium. An active substance(s) in serum was responsible for restoring the responsiveness of astrocytes. Each of the five components of the defined medium had little effect by itself; however, together they acted synergistically to desensitize astrocytes to beta-adrenergic stimulation. On the other hand, epidermal growth factor, a potent mitogen for astrocytes, was very competent by itself in reducing the cAMP response of astrocytes to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Thus purified astrocytes grown in the chemically defined medium appear to be a good model for the study of hormonal interactions and of serum factors which may modulate the beta-adrenergic response. 相似文献
36.
Sequences of variable regions of hybridoma antibodies to alpha (1----6) dextran in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
S K Sikder P N Akolkar P M Kaladas S L Morrison E A Kabat 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1985,135(6):4215-4221
The variable region sequences of light and heavy chains of three hybridoma antibodies to alpha (1----6) dextran, two from BALB/c and one from C57BL/6 mice, were determined by cloning and sequencing their cDNA. The three kappa-light chains are identical in nucleotide and amino acid sequences, except for the use of different J by BALB/c and C57BL/6; all three had the germ-line sequence of antibodies to 2-phenyloxazolone (20). Nevertheless, 2-phenyloxazolone BSA did not cross-react in gel with antidextrans, nor did dextran react with anti-2-phenyloxazolone ascitic fluids. The heavy chains differed, the BALB/c hybridomas having only three amino acid differences in CDR2 and two in CDR3; the C57BL/6 hybridoma differed throughout the variable region. All three VH are members of the J558 family. The three identical V kappa sequences suggest a significant role in dextran binding, with the differences in CDR of VH and the various J mini-genes of VL and VH being responsible for only fine differences in specificity. Alternatively, the role of V kappa might be minor, with most of the complementarity ascribable to VH. Additional sequences are needed to evaluate whether these data are typical of the repertoire of anti-alpha (1----6) dextran-combining sites. 相似文献
37.
The metabolic transformations of columbinic acid and the effect of topical application of the major metabolites on rat skin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W J Elliott A R Morrison H W Sprecher P Needleman 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1985,260(2):987-992
The metabolism of columbinic acid by various fatty acid oxidizing enzyme systems was studied. A cyclooxygenase product, 9-hydroxy-(5E,10E,12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, was formed nearly quantitatively by ram seminal vesicle microsomes and in small amounts by washed human platelets. The major lipoxygenase product from washed human platelets, soybean lipoxygenase, and neonatal rat epidermal homogenate was 13-hydroxy-(5E,9Z,11E)-octadecatrienoic acid, although lesser quantities of other isomers differing in the double bond configurations were also identified by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Topical application of the major lipoxygenase product to paws of essential fatty acid-deficient rats resulted in nearly as complete resolution of the scaly dermatitis as did the application of columbinic acid itself; the cyclooxygenase product was not at all effective. 相似文献
38.
Arachidonic acid metabolic pathway of the rabbit placenta 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Placenta microsomes prepared from animals late in gestation (29 days) efficiently metabolize arachidonic acid into PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, TxA2 and little or no prostacyclin. In contrast to the late gestation placenta, the early (17 day) placental microsomes synthesize primarily PGE2. The cytosolic (100,000 X g supernatant) fraction from early or late gestation placentae converted arachidonic acid, with a calcium dependent enzyme, into non-polar metabolites whose synthesis was inhibited by ETYA but not indomethacin. These metabolites were purified by HPLC and GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of 12-hydroxy-, 15-hydroxy-, and 11-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid. The mitochondrial (8,000 X g pellet) produced PGE2; PGF2 alpha; 12-, 11-, 15-HETE; the C-17 fragment HHT; and the unusual cyclooxygenase metabolite 15-keto-PGE2. These biologically active metabolites may play a vital role in the reproductive function of the placenta. 相似文献
39.
Mobilization of a Sym plasmid from a fast-growing cowpea Rhizobium strain. 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
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N A Morrison Y H Cen H C Chen J Plazinski R Ridge B G Rolfe 《Journal of bacteriology》1984,160(1):483-487
A large Sym plasmid from a fast-growing cowpea Rhizobium species was made mobilizable by cointegration with plasmid pSUP1011, which carries the oriT region of RP4. This mobilizable Sym plasmid was transferred to a number of Rhizobium strains, in which nodulation and nitrogen fixation functions for symbiosis with plants of the cowpea group were expressed. 相似文献
40.
S Chandra W C Harris G H Morrison 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》1984,32(11):1224-1230
The ion microscope, based on secondary ion mass spectrometry, has been used to demonstrate the distribution of calcium in the root tip cells of two plant species, Allium cepa and Vicia faba. Interphase nuclei showed higher intensities of calcium than cytoplasm, while nucleoli exhibited higher calcium intensities than the rest of the nucleoplasm. The chromosomes showed high intensities of calcium at all stages of mitosis. Calcium was also detected in the cell plate and phragmoplast region of dividing cells. It appears that during prophase calcium concentrates in the condensing chromosomes, and during telophase it is transferred to nucleoli. These observations suggest that chromosomes may serve as a reservoir of calcium during mitosis. 相似文献