城镇化进程中洞庭湖区“三生空间”格局演变与驱动机制

城镇化快速发展背景下，城市自然资源国土空间格局转型引发了流域水生态环境的恶化。基于洞庭湖区岳阳、常德、益阳、荆州4个典型城市及其32个县域数据样本，借助遥感影像交互解译、GIS叠加融合、驱动指标分类提取等数据处理技术，通过土地利用动态度及转移矩阵计算分析城镇化进程中洞庭湖区"三生空间"格局演变的典型特征，并运用灰色关联度模型揭示国土空间格局演变的潜在驱动机制。研究表明：(1)1980-2020年洞庭湖区"三生空间"格局总体分布具有明显的水平地域分异和垂直梯度差异特征，生态空间主要集中在区域中部洞庭湖水域部分及东部、南部、西部的外围林地丘陵区，生产空间主要位于河网冲刷形成的湖滨平原区，生活空间呈点状零散穿插分布于生产、生态空间之中。(2)洞庭湖区各城市"三生空间"时空格局演变随城镇化发展逐渐剧烈，结构变化以城镇建设用地的增加和农业生产用地的缩减最为突出，功能转型体现为城镇生活空间侵蚀农业生产空间，农业生产空间挤占水域生态空间，以及农业生产空间向水域生态空间的回归；各类用地结构与功能转型在县域层面上的阶段差异性与地理协同性亦较为显著。(3)城镇化、工业化及农业现代化作为洞庭湖区"三生空间"格局演变的三大关键驱动力，加速了域内各城市的国土空间格局变化进程，是未来区域战略性生态环境治理及国土空间规划应重视的关键要素。研究内容可为洞庭湖区水网土地资源合理规划提供参考，引导大湖流域生态治理目标下的城镇化高质量发展。     

基于垂直流向纸基微流控芯片检测人尿液中IgG蛋白

肾脏是人体最重要的器官,可以通过检测尿液中的蛋白成分来诊断某些疾病。尿液中IgG蛋白的含量可以用来判断肾功能受损伤程度。本研究采用垂直流向的纸基微流控芯片,利用双抗夹心免疫反应显色,手机拍摄图像处理的方法对人尿液中IgG蛋白进行了检测。结果表明,在IgG抗体浓度为500μg/mL,金标抗体浓度为100μg/mL的条件下图像信号在IgG浓度为0.2–3.2μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,R²=0.973 3。设计了一套完整的检测装置,并且该检测方法具有良好的非特异性。     

人为源微生物气溶胶的分布特征及风险研究进展

近年来,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情全球肆虐,引起了公众对于微生物气溶胶潜在风险的极大关注,其中人为源微生物气溶胶潜在的健康危害逐步成为越来越多学者关注的热点之一。本文综述了近年来4类主要人为源微生物气溶胶的研究现状,比较了不同人为源微生物气溶胶的分布特征和微生物组成特性,并探究了影响微生物气溶胶特征的主要因素及其存在的潜在风险。结果表明,畜禽养殖场微生物气溶胶平均浓度最高,其次是污水处理厂和垃圾填埋场,医院最低。从微生物组成特性来说,不同人为源微生物气溶胶中微生物组成与其产生源密切相关;同时,其组成也受其所处环境条件影响。基于以上分析,本文进一步展望了未来人为源微生物气溶胶的主要研究方向,以期为微生物气溶胶控制标准的制定及控制技术的研发奠定基础。     

QTL analysis of pest resistance in the wild tomato Lycopersicon pennellii: QTLs controlling acylsugar level and composition

Some accessions of Lycopersicon pennellii, a wild relative of the tomato Lycopersicon esculentum, are resistant to a number of important pests of cultivated tomato due to the accumulation of acylsugars, which constitute 90% of the exudate of type-IV trichomes in L. pennellii LA716. An interspecific F₂ population, created by the cross L. esculentum x L. pennellii LA 716, was surveyed for acylsugar accumulation and subjected to RFLP/QTL analysis to determine the genomic regions associated with the accumulation of acylglucoses, acylsucroses, and total acylsugars, as well as with acylglucoses as a percentage of total acylsugars (mole percent acylglucoses). Data were analyzed using MAPMAKER/QTL with and without a log₁₀ transformation. A threshold value of 2.4 (default value for MAPMAKER/QTL) was used, as well as 95% empirically derived threshold values. Five genomic regions, two on chromosome 2 and one each on chromosomes 3, 4 and 11, were detected as being associated with one or more aspects of acylsugar production. The L. esculentum allele is partially dominant to the L. pennellii allele in the regions on chromosomes 2 and 11, but the L. pennellii allele is dominant in the region on chromosome 3. Throughout this study, we report the comparative effects of analytical methodology on the identification of acylsugar QTLs. Similarities between our results and published results for the genus Solanum are also discussed.R. W. Doerge · S.-C. Liu · J. P. Kuai contributed equally to the paper, and we ordered randomly     

Silencing of the SlZF-31 gene decreases the salt stress tolerance and drought tolerance of tomato

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Sceletium tortuosum is a South African protected species with tremendous value in traditional and modern medicine. The plants’ mesembrine-type...     

The key role of chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase in phytoremoval and degradation of catechol by transgenic Arabidopsis

Transgenic exploitation of bacterial degradative genes in plants has been considered a favorable strategy for degrading organic pollutants in the environment. The aromatic ring characteristic of these pollutants is mainly responsible for their recalcitrance to degradation. In this study, a Plesiomonas-derived chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (TfdC) gene (tfdC), capable of cleaving the aromatic ring, was introduced into Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Morphology and growth of transgenic plants are indistinguishable from those of wild-type plants. In contrast, they show significantly enhanced tolerances to catechol. Transgenic plants also exhibit strikingly higher capabilities of removing catechol from their media and high efficiencies of converting catechol to cis,cis-muconic acid. As far-less-than-calculated amounts of cis,cis-muconic acid were accumulated within the transgenic plants, existence of endogenous TfdD- and TfdE-like activities was postulated and, subsequently, putative orthologs of bacterial tfdD and tfdE were detected in Arabidopsis. However, no TfdC activity and no putative orthologs of either tfdC or tfdF were identified. This work indicates that the TfdC activity, conferred by tfdC in transgenic Arabidopsis, is a key requirement for phytoremoval and degradation of catechol, and also suggests that microbial degradative genes may be transgenically exploited in plants for bioremediation of aromatic pollutants in the environment.     

2000-2015年锡林郭勒盟防风固沙服务功能变化驱动因素分析

防风固沙服务功能是干旱和半干旱地区生态系统提供的重要防护性功能,探索其时空演化及其驱动机制对于区域生态治理具有重要意义;但目前研究对其空间格局形成及演化过程中自然和人为因子的贡献及交互作用仍缺乏准确认知。以锡林郭勒盟为研究区,采用修正风蚀模型评估其2000-2015年防风固沙服务功能时空变化,应用地理探测器模型分析自然和人为因子对该区域防风固沙服务功能空间格局形成及演变过程中的贡献及交互作用。结果表明：①防风固沙服务功能空间分布差异显著,呈现为东南部温带落叶阔叶林、灌丛区域高,东北部草原草甸地区较高,西部荒漠区域低的分布格局;防风固沙服务功能转移以低功能区向中低功能区转移为主;防风固沙量总体上呈增加趋势,增加区域面积为115104 km²,减少区域面积为84756 km²。②土壤类型在锡林郭勒盟防风固沙服务功能空间分布格局中发挥最重要的作用,其P_D,SF值最高且与其它因子具有显著性差异,植被类型、人工造林面积、牲畜数量、年均风速等因子对防风固沙量空间分布影响较强。③防风固沙服务功能变化区域的2000-2015年动态地理探测结果显示土壤类型、植被类型均具有较高的解释力且相对稳定,功能增强区域年均风速、降水量等气候因子的P_D,SF值呈现出减少区域,人为因子表现先增加后减少趋势,功能减弱区域变化趋势大体与之相反,探测因子之间交互作用显著。     

Knockdown of FRAT1 Expression by RNA Interference Inhibits Human Glioblastoma Cell Growth,Migration and Invasion

Background

FRAT1 positively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin. It was originally characterized as a protein frequently rearranged in advanced T cell lymphoma, but has recently also been identified as a proto-oncogene involved in tumorigenesis. Our previous studies showed that FRAT1 was dramatically overexpressed in gliomas and its expression level was significantly increased along with clinicopathological grades.

Methods

In the current study, we used RT-PCR and Western blotting to assess the mRNA and protein levels of FRAT1 in three glioma cell lines. In addition, to evaluate its functional role in gliomas, we examined the effects of FRAT1 knockdown on proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo using glioblastoma U251 cells and RNAi.

Results

FRAT1 was highly expressed in all three glioma cell lines. RNAi-mediated down-regulation of endogenous FRAT1 in human glioblastoma U251 cells resulted in suppression of cell proliferation, arrest of cell cycle, inhibition of cell migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, FRAT1 depletion significantly impaired tumor xenograft growth in nude mice.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the potential role of FRAT1 in tumorigenesis and progression of glioblastoma. These findings provide a biological basis for FRAT1 as a potential molecular marker for improved pathological grading and as a novel candidate therapeutic target for glioblastoma management.     

Advantages of intermediate X-ray energies in Zernike phase contrast X-ray microscopy

Understanding the hierarchical organizations of molecules and organelles within the interior of large eukaryotic cells is a challenge of fundamental interest in cell biology. Light microscopy is a powerful tool for observations of the dynamics of live cells, its resolution attainable is limited and insufficient. While electron microscopy can produce images with astonishing resolution and clarity of ultra-thin (< 1 μm thick) sections of biological specimens, many questions involve the three-dimensional organization of a cell or the interconnectivity of cells. X-ray microscopy offers superior imaging resolution compared to light microscopy, and unique capability of nondestructive three-dimensional imaging of hydrated unstained biological cells, complementary to existing light and electron microscopy.     

MicroRNA-Mediated Myostatin Silencing in Caprine Fetal Fibroblasts

Myostatin functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth by suppressing proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Dysfunction of the myostatin gene, either due to natural mutation or genetic manipulations such as knockout or knockdown, has been reported to increase muscle mass in mammalian species. RNA interference (RNAi) mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) is a promising method for gene knockdown studies. In the present study, transient and stable silencing of the myostatin gene in caprine fetal fibroblasts (CFF) was evaluated using the two most effective constructs selected from four different miRNA expression constructs screened in 293FT cells. Using these two miRNA constructs, we achieved up to 84% silencing of myostatin mRNA in transiently transfected CFF cells and up to 31% silencing in stably transfected CFF cells. Moreover, off-target effects due to induction of interferon (IFN) response genes, such as interferon beta (IFN-β) and 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2), were markedly fewer in stably transfected CFF cells than in transiently transfected cells. Stable expression of anti-myostatin miRNA with minimal induction of interferon shows great promise for increasing muscle mass in transgenic goats.