收费全文 | 108篇 |
免费 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 5篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 1篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
Resting membrane potential (MP) measurements using sharp electrodes were done at 10, 20 and 30 min after the application of ATP and adenosine. Diaphragm showed depolarization from 75 ± 0.6 down to 63.2 ± 1.05, 57.2 ± 0.96 and 53.6 ± 1.1 mV after 10, 20 and 30 min of exposition, respectively (20 fibers from 4 muscles each, P < 0.05 in all three cases). Adenosine showed no effect on diaphragmatic MP. Both agents were ineffective in case of MEDL.
The effects of ATP in both tissues were abolished by suramin (100 μM), a P2-receptor antagonist, and chelerythrin (50 μM), a specific protein-kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, but were not affected by 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 1 μM), a guanylyl-cyclase inhibitor, or by adenosine-3,5-monophosphothioate (Rp-cAMP, 1 μM), a protein-kinase A (PKA) inhibitor.
Besides the action on contractile activity, ATP (100 μM) led to a significant (P < 0.001) depolarization of diaphragm muscle fibers from 74.5 ± 2.3 down to 64 ± 2.1, 58.2 ± 2.2 and 54.3 ± 2.4 mV after 10, 20 and 30 min of incubation, respectively. Incubation of MEDL with the same ATP concentration showed no significant change of MP.
Denervation of the muscles for 28 days led to a decrease of CCh-induced contractions of diaphragm down to 171.1 ± 34.5 mg (n = 11, P < 0.05), but increased the contractile force of MEDL up to 723.9 ± 82.3 mg (n = 9, P < 0.01). Application of ATP elevated the contractility of denervated diaphragm caused by CCh up to normal values (311.1 ± 79.7 mg, n = 6, P > 0.05 versus control), but did not significantly affect of contractility of MEDL, which became 848.1 ± 62.7 mg (n = 6).
These results show that the effects of ATP on both diaphragmatic and skeletal muscles are mediated through P2Y receptors coupled to chelerytrin-sensitive protein-kinase C. 相似文献