厚叶景天组织传感器的研究

利用厚叶景天的叶和茎组织作为生物催化材料,分别同二氧化碳气敏电极和氨气敏电极组合,研制了L－精氨酸传感器及,L－赖氨酸传感器。两种传感器的线性范围分别为1.0×10^-4 1.O×10^-3mol/L和8．0×10^-5—3.0×10^-3mol/L．检测下限分别为3．2×10^-5mol／L和2.2×10^-5mol/L,响应斜率分别为42.2mV／dec和41．4mv／dec。考察了两种传感器的回收率．结果表明,L－精氨酸传感器和L－赖氨酸传感器的回收率平均值分别为98．6％和101.6％,标准偏差分别为4.6％和4.0％。     

沙打旺组织培养中脱分化细胞的超微结构及细胞核的动态变化

对沙打旺的下胚轴、子叶、幼叶组织培养中脱分化细胞进行了超微结构观察,并着重讨论了细胞核的动态变化。脱分化细胞的细胞质中线粒体墙加,嵴明显;多聚核糖体增多;高尔基体增加;质体中积累淀粉。核仁与核内异染色质之间有一个动态过程。此过程暂称“核仁物质喷射“现象。在致有以下：１．核体出现,半嵌在增大的核仁上,核内异染色质沿核膜凝聚;２．异染色质移向核仁,并与核仁接触,核体消失,部分异质进入核仁;３．核仁物质     

小麦－黑麦－中间偃麦草三属杂种F_1及其花粉植株的细胞遗传学研究

２个小麦－黑麦－中间偃麦草三属杂种Ｆ１的减数分裂方为复杂,中期Ⅰ染色体平均每细胞构型为１９．５３Ⅰ＋１３．４７Ⅱ＋０．７０Ⅲ＋０．０６Ⅳ和１９．９９Ⅰ＋１３．４２Ⅱ＋０．６５Ⅲ＋０．０４Ⅳ＋０．０１Ⅴ,后期Ⅰ染色体分配不平衡,单价体并不一定排列在赤道板上,产生各种类型的异常四分体。１８株花粉植株染色体组成类型多样,在２个花粉植株中分别观察到端体和等臂染色体。单倍体花粉植株中期Ⅰ染色体配对频率较高,交叉值为１．５１－３．８５。本文还讨论了三属杂种和花药培养的结合应用。     

催乳素对大鼠前列腺上皮细胞内雄激素受体和5α－还原酶活性的影响

本实验建立了无血清培养的大鼠前列腺上皮细胞内雄激素受体（ＡＲ）的测定方法,并研究了催乳素（ＰＲＬ）对细胞内ＡＲ数量和５α－还原酶活性的影响。结果表明：ＰＲＬ使前列腺上皮细胞内ＡＲ数量显著增加,其中１０ｎｇ／ｍｌＰＲＬ的作用最强,但高剂量的ＰＲＬ则失去对ＡＲ的刺激作用。ＰＲＬ还能拮抗雄激素引起的其自身受体的下调作用,使受体的数量回升至对照组水平。对５α－还原酶的催化产物双氢睾酮（ＤＨＴ）的测定结果显示ＰＲＬ对ＤＨＴ的产生无明显影响,提示ＰＲＬ对５α－还原酶的活性无显著影响。     

促髓细胞分化的锌指基因单向PCR扩增直接测序的研究

锌指基因是一种造血调节基因,编码锌指结构蛋白,主要在髓细胞中表达,促进髓细胞分化,在急性早幼粒白血病维甲酸治疗中,促使病情缓解。本文报道了我们从基因分子上研究锌指基因作用中,探索并建立了单向聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增特定单链ＤＮＡ,直接测序的新方法。它能产生质和量均佳的单链ＤＮＡ,无需纯化即可直接用于测序,使复杂的测序研究简便易行,可在２,３天内完成。这种单向ＰＣＲ扩增特定单链ＤＮＡ直接测序的方法,经对锌指基因的ｃＤＮＡ测序,得到验证。此法不仅适用于疾病研究中的ＤＮＡ测序,还可制各单链ＤＮＡ探针,更利于基因结构组成的研究。     

Studies on atrophic change of soleus muscle and its countermeasures in suspended rat

In the environment of microgravity, the disused atrophy of skeletal muscle, especially leg's muscle, would occur. The three purposes of this study were: 1. To observe the dynamic changes of disused atrophy of skeletal muscle under simulated weightlessness; 2. To approach the mechanism of disused atrophy of muscle; 3. To approach the countermeasures for reducing the degree of atrophy of muscle.     

在条锈菌侵染早期小麦初生叶内多聚核糖体水平与蛋白质合成能力的变化

小麦初生叶接种条锈菌毒性生理小种（ＣＹ２９）及其弱毒突变菌系（ＣＹ２９－ｍｕｔ３）后,呈不亲和反应的寄主叶片可溶性蛋白质合成能力在接种后２４ｈ显著高于未接种对照,但其后逐渐降低,直至接近对照;而呈亲和性反应的寄主叶片可溶性蛋白质合成在侵染早期与对照相近,但与膜结合蛋白质在９６ｈ时大大高于对照。对接种叶中核糖体的密度梯度分析证实：呈不亲和反应寄主叶片游离多聚核糖体及亲和反应的寄主内与膜结合多聚核糖体均有特异性增加。上述结果表明寄主的抗病和感病反应均与蛋白质合成能力的变化有关。     

Identification of a purC gene from Streptococcus pneumoniae.

A gene encoding 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-N-succinocarboxamide synthetase was identified in Streptococcus pneumoniae as a 708-bp segment of the genome encoding a 27,001-Da protein with strong similarity to known PurC proteins. The S. pneumoniae purC gene, found immediately adjacent to the competence induction genes, comAB, was cloned and sequenced. The predicted protein product of purC displayed substantial (> 40%) identity to the entire sequence of the PurC proteins of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Function of the S. pneumoniae gene product was demonstrated by complementation of E. coli purC mutations.     

The detection and attribution of extreme reductions in vegetation growth across the global land surface

Negative extreme anomalies in vegetation growth (NEGs) usually indicate severely impaired ecosystem services. These NEGs can result from diverse natural and anthropogenic causes, especially climate extremes (CEs). However, the relationship between NEGs and many types of CEs remains largely unknown at regional and global scales. Here, with satellite-derived vegetation index data and supporting tree-ring chronologies, we identify periods of NEGs from 1981 to 2015 across the global land surface. We find 70% of these NEGs are attributable to five types of CEs and their combinations, with compound CEs generally more detrimental than individual ones. More importantly, we find that dominant CEs for NEGs vary by biome and region. Specifically, cold and/or wet extremes dominate NEGs in temperate mountains and high latitudes, whereas soil drought and related compound extremes are primarily responsible for NEGs in wet tropical, arid and semi-arid regions. Key characteristics (e.g., the frequency, intensity and duration of CEs, and the vulnerability of vegetation) that determine the dominance of CEs are also region- and biome-dependent. For example, in the wet tropics, dominant individual CEs have both higher intensity and longer duration than non-dominant ones. However, in the dry tropics and some temperate regions, a longer CE duration is more important than higher intensity. Our work provides the first global accounting of the attribution of NEGs to diverse climatic extremes. Our analysis has important implications for developing climate-specific disaster prevention and mitigation plans among different regions of the globe in a changing climate.     

Climate–ecosystem modelling made easy: The Land Sites Platform

Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) provide a state-of-the-art process-based approach to study the complex interplay between vegetation and its physical environment. For example, they help to predict how terrestrial plants interact with climate, soils, disturbance and competition for resources. We argue that there is untapped potential for the use of DGVMs in ecological and ecophysiological research. One fundamental barrier to realize this potential is that many researchers with relevant expertize (ecology, plant physiology, soil science, etc.) lack access to the technical resources or awareness of the research potential of DGVMs. Here we present the Land Sites Platform (LSP): new software that facilitates single-site simulations with the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator, an advanced DGVM coupled with the Community Land Model. The LSP includes a Graphical User Interface and an Application Programming Interface, which improve the user experience and lower the technical thresholds for installing these model architectures and setting up model experiments. The software is distributed via version-controlled containers; researchers and students can run simulations directly on their personal computers or servers, with relatively low hardware requirements, and on different operating systems. Version 1.0 of the LSP supports site-level simulations. We provide input data for 20 established geo-ecological observation sites in Norway and workflows to add generic sites from public global datasets. The LSP makes standard model experiments with default data easily achievable (e.g., for educational or introductory purposes) while retaining flexibility for more advanced scientific uses. We further provide tools to visualize the model input and output, including simple examples to relate predictions to local observations. The LSP improves access to land surface and DGVM modelling as a building block of community cyberinfrastructure that may inspire new avenues for mechanistic ecosystem research across disciplines.