辽西半干旱地区深松中耕对作物产量的影响及其作用机理研究

对辽宁西部半干旱地区深松中耕对作物产量影响及作用机理的研究表明,深松打破了犁底层,减小了土壤容重及穿透阻力,增加了表层及亚表层土壤的孔隙度．深松土壤水分人渗可达８０ｃｍ,大豆根系深度增加３．６～４．０ｃｍ,大豆产量和水分利用效率分别增加２７．７～３４．５％和１６．１％,在干旱年份玉米增产７．９％．     

一种快速精确编辑疱疹病毒基因组的方法

为了快速且准确地对疱疹病毒基因组进行基因敲除、插入或者点突变等修饰,通过同源重组将马立克氏病病毒 (MDV) 超强毒株Md5基因组克隆到细菌人工染色体 (BAC)。将筛选的阳性重组体DNA电转进DH10B菌株,用PCR及限制性片段多态分析 (RFLP) 方法鉴定含Md5全基因组的BAC克隆。将阳性重组体DNA转染入鸡胚成纤维细胞 (CEF),拯救出重组病毒,命名为Md5BAC。进一步利用Red酶介导的两步法基因重组技术构建MDVlorf10基因敲除毒株。为了验证被敲除基因功能的特异性,将lorf10插入原位点以构建基因复原毒株。将构建的重组毒株分别感染CEF细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验确认重组病毒均包装成功;病毒生长曲线结果表明,lorf10敲除不影响病毒的体外增殖。总之,这为其他疱疹病毒的基因组编辑提供了技术参考。     

DAZ家族新成员BOULE蛋白的结构与功能

BOULE蛋白是2001年发现的DAZ家族的新成员,是人类精子发生过程中减数分裂的关键调控因子. BOULE基因表达的改变或BOULE蛋白的缺乏可引起减数分裂阻滞和精子生成障碍,从而导致无精子症并产生不育. BOULE蛋白的一级结构中含有DAZ家族的特征结构域,包括DAZ重复和RNA结合域（RBM）,因此,将其列为继DAZ、DAZL之后DAZ家族的第3个成员.本文对BOULE的发现过程、结构和定位进行了总结回顾,并重点介绍了其在精子发生减数分裂中的作用及其作用机制.     

母牛分枝杆菌制剂对T淋巴细胞增殖反应影响的研究

以氚标记胸腺嘧啶核苷(~3H-TdR)掺入法检测每分钟脉冲数(CPM),比较母牛分枝杆菌活菌悬液、辐射杀死菌悬液及高温杀死菌悬液对健康人外周血T淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响.以此作为评价治疗以细胞介导免疫为主的结核病免疫功能障碍免疫制剂效力的一个重要参数.在加入单一刺激因子实验中,对照组CPM为448±131;加入BCG、母牛分枝杆菌活菌悬液、辐射杀灭菌悬液以及高温杀死菌悬液的CPM分别为1037±194,2299±140,1819±528,994±186.这4种制剂的刺激指数均在2.0以上,尤其是母牛分枝杆菌活菌悬液、辐射杀死菌悬液分别为5.13,4.06.结果表明,母牛分枝杆菌3种制剂与BCG基本相似,在体外对T淋巴细胞增殖反应有明显的促进作用,其中以活菌悬液和辐射杀死菌悬液更为显著.另一试验中,以重组白细胞介素-2(rIL-2)作对照,BCG、母牛分枝杆菌悬液、辐射杀死菌悬液及高温杀死菌悬液分别加入rIL-2,目的在于观察菌体抗原加淋巴因子对T淋巴细胞增殖反应有无协同刺激作用.对照组的CPM为3721±1336,BCG加rIL-2组CPM为6904±1218;母牛分枝杆菌3种制剂的CPM分别为9544±172…     

Combined DNA vaccines formulated in DDA enhance protective immunity against tuberculosis

This study evaluated the adjuvant Dimethyldioctyldecyl Ammonium Bromide (DDA) effect on the protective immunity induced by a combination of plasmids containing genes encoding antigens Ag85B, MPT-83, and ESAT-6 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The combined DNA vaccines in DDA resulted in significant increases in both specific IgG and splenic T-cell-derived Th1-type cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in response to the three purified antigens when compared to that of combined DNA vaccines in saline. Vaccines in DDA increased the protective efficacy of mice challenged with M. tuberculosis H37Rv as measured by reduced relative CFU counts in their lungs. Mice immunized with the combined DNA vaccines were shown to limit the growth of tubercle bacilli both in lungs and in spleens. Histopathological analyses showed that vaccinated mice had substantially improved postinfection lung pathology relative to the controls. We suggest that our combination of antigens together with DDA formulation may provide a new insight into tuberculosis prevention.     

绵羊肌肉中FAS基因和HSL基因的发育性变化及其对肌内脂肪含量的影响

选取不同日龄的雄性哈萨克羊和新疆细毛羊共54只,屠宰后取背最长肌,用索氏抽提法检测肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)含量,用荧光实时定量PCR法检测肌肉脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)和激素敏感脂肪酶(hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL)基因表达的发育性变化,并分析基因表达对肌内脂肪沉积的影响。结果表明:1)随着日龄的增加,雄性哈萨克羊的IMF含量持续上升,各生长时期差异显著(P<0.05),而新疆细毛羊的IMF含量在各生长时期无显著差异(P>0.05)。雄性哈萨克羊的IMF含量30~90日龄期间极显著高于新疆细毛羊(P<0.01)。2)FAS基因mRNA水平在哈萨克羊肌肉中初生时最高(P<0.05),然后随日龄的增加呈下降趋势;在新疆细毛羊肌肉中,FAS mRNA水平表现出"下降-上升-下降-上升"的发育模式,其中60日龄显著高于90日龄(P<0.05),其余日龄之间差异不显著。HSL基因在2品种绵羊肌肉中的表达模式基本类似,在哈萨克羊肌肉中随年龄的增加而下降,初生时的水平显著高于60~90日龄(P<0.05);在新疆细毛羊中30日龄时达到最高(P<0.01),到60日龄时下降到最低(P<0.05),随后保持这种低表达水平。3)FAS和HSL基因mRNA的表达量均与哈萨克羊IMF含量呈负相关,相关系数分别为:r=-0.485(P=0.02),r=-0.423(P=0.05);在哈萨克羊中两基因表达量水平比值(FAS:HSL)与IMF呈极显著负相关r=-0.552(P=0.01)。在新疆细毛羊中两基因的表达水平及比值均与IMF无显著相关性(P>0.05)。     

Uncovering the pathogenesis and identifying novel targets of pancreatic cancer using bioinformatics approach

Pancreatic cancer is a uniformly lethal disease that can be difficult to diagnose at its early stage. Thus, our present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism and identify new targets for this disease. The data GSE16515, including 36 tumor and 16 normal samples were available from Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out using Robust Multichip Averaging and LIMMA package. Moreover, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to DEGs. Followed with protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction by STRING and Cytoscape, module analysis was conducted using ClusterONE. Finally, based on PubMed, text mining about these DEGs was carried out. Total 274 up-regulated and 93 down-regulated genes were identified as the common DEGs and these genes were discovered significantly enriched in cell adhesion and extracellular region terms, as well as ECM-receptor interaction pathway. In addition, five modules were screened out from the up-regulated PPI network with none in down-regulated network. Finally, the up-regulated genes, including MIA, MET and CEACAMS, and down-regulated genes, such as FGF, INS and LAPP, had the most references in text mining analysis. Our findings demonstrate that the up- and down-regulated genes play important roles in pancreatic cancer development and might be new targets for the therapy.     

Flow‐injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of chloramphenicol based on luminol–sodium periodate order‐transform second‐chemiluminescence reaction

A new chemiluminescence (CL) reaction was observed when chloramphenicol solution was injected into the mixture after the end of the reaction of alkaline luminol and sodium periodate or sodium periodate was injected into the reaction mixture of chloramphenicol and alkaline luminol. This reaction is described as an order‐transform second‐chemiluminescence (OTSCL) reaction. The OTSCL method combined with a flow‐injection technique was applied to the determination of chloramphenicol. The optimum conditions for the order‐transform second‐chemiluminescence emission were investigated. A mechanism for OTSCL has been proposed on the basis of the chemiluminescence kinetic characteristics, the UV‐visible spectra and the chemiluminescent spectra. Under optimal experimental conditions, the CL response is proportional to the concentration of chloramphenicol over the range 5.0 × 10^?7–5.0 × 10^?5 mol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9969 and a detection limit of 6.0 × 10^?8 mol/L (3σ). The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 11 repeated determinations of 5.0 × 10^?6 mol/L chloramphenicol is 1.7%. The method has been applied to the determination of chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于最大熵模型的不同尺度物种分布概率优化热点分析: 以红色木莲为例

单一空间尺度构建的最大熵(maximum entropy, MaxEnt)模型是否具有代表性, 是MaxEnt模型应用与发展中面临的重要问题。本研究基于有效的地理分布位点数据, 利用最小凸多边形法(the minimum convex polygon method)在三江并流、云南省及全国3个空间尺度下分别识别了红色木莲(Manglietia insignis)的建模区域, 并进一步建立MaxEnt模型: 使用ROC曲线分析法与遗漏率(omission rate, OR)检验评估MaxEnt模型预测精度; 基于ArcGIS分析分布概率及其热点区域的分布趋势, 并通过分区统计工具Zonal识别潜在适宜分布区域的质心位置; 采用刀切法检验环境因子贡献率。结果表明: (1)不同尺度下红色木莲的MaxEnt模型都有良好的预测效果, 三江并流、云南省及全国尺度下的AUC值分别为0.936、0.887和0.930, OR值分别为0.18、0.15和0.20; (2)各尺度红色木莲的适生区格局呈现一致性分布趋势, 集中在独龙江、怒江和澜沧江3个流域; (3) 3个空间尺度下红色木莲的地理分布受不同环境因子影响, 存在着尺度依赖效应。由此可见, 红色木莲在不同空间尺度下的预测模型有着稳定的性能表现与良好的预测效果。此外, 我们建议在野外实地调查与野生生物资源保护中加强对普通物种的关注, 在预测物种地理分布的研究中将MaxEnt模型与热点分析结合使用。