A Service for Human Chromosome Studies in Saskatchewan

A service has been developed in Saskatchewan to make available the results of studies of human chromosomes, the material being forwarded to the laboratory by local transport facilities. During the first year of this project chromosome studies were requested for five doubtful cases of trisomy-21 (two were found to be normal) and for 20 definite cases of trisomy-21 in young patients (two had translocations but the parents of both these children had normal karyotypes). Eleven confirmed cases of Turner''s syndrome, two of Klinefelter''s syndrome, and one each of the D and E syndromes were also studied. The largest group for which studies were requested comprised 36 patients with mental retardation; only two abnormal karyotypes were encountered in this group.     

三乙醇胺基强碱性聚苯乙烯树脂共价固定胰酶的研究

用多孔强碱型三乙醇胺基聚苯乙烯阴离子交换树脂做为载体,用CNBr与载体上的多羟基作用共价偶联了胰酶。红外光谱表明:其共价偶联反应机理与用CNBr活化多糖类载体并接酶的机理相类似。最适偶联条件研究表明:CNBr用量增多,酶蛋白载量增加。但比活下降。偶联pH为10时,固定化酶有适宜的载量和较高的比活。由于胰酶水解蛋白反应释放出H~+质子,这些质子在载体内积累,使微环境内H~+质子浓度增加,进而使得固定化胰酶的pH—活性曲线在pH9～11范围内未出现下降。在变温和60℃恒温下对固定化酶的热稳定性测试表明:固相酶的热稳定性比天然酶的热稳定性有所提高。     

水稻、小麦、油菜和烟草细胞质雄性不育系统中组分Ⅰ蛋白的比较分析

组分Ⅰ蛋白(RuBP羧化酶/加氧酶)的生物合成系由叶绿体基因和细胞核基因共同控制,所以,被作为研究细胞质遗传的标记。本实验用免疫化学和氨基酸成分分析等方法,对水稻(珍汕97)、小麦(繁7)、油菜(湘矮早)和烟草(G28)的细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系的组分Ⅰ蛋白作了比较,同时对不同作物的组分Ⅰ蛋白也作了免疫鉴定。结果表明,细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系的组分Ⅰ蛋白差异不大,但是,四种不同作物的组分Ⅰ蛋白之间有明显差异。     

鱼类染色体G—显带的Brd U—BSG方法及白鲢G—带模式图的初步建立

本文报道了一种显示鱼类染色体G-带的BrdU-BsG方法。采用肾细胞短期培养,收获前12小时加入BrdU,使终浓度为10μg/ml。制片经HCl、Ba(OH)_2处理,4×SSC温育。Giemsa染色,显示出白鲢的G-带。其带纹细致清晰,一个细胞的单倍染色体上显示带纹达200条以上,是目前已报道的鱼类多重带中带纹最多的,且反差明显,带纹有特征性,结果较稳定。根据实验结果初步建立了白鲢的G-带模式图。     

Influence of lung volume on activities of branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

To investigate the influence of inspiratory lung inflation on the respiratory activities of laryngeal motor nerves, vagally intact decerebrate paralyzed cats were ventilated by a servorespirator in accordance with their own phrenic nerve activity. Records were made of the activities of the phrenic nerve, the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and the intralaryngeal branches of the RLN serving the thyroarytenoid (TA) and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles. Neural activities were assessed in the steady state at different end-tidal O2 and CO2 concentrations. Transient responses to withholding inspiratory lung inflation and to preventing expiratory lung emptying were also studied. Hypercapnia and hypoxia increased the inspiratory activities of the phrenic nerve, SLN, RLN, and its PCA branch. TA inspiratory activity was not changed. Expiratory activities of RLN, PCA, and TA were all increased in hypoxia. When lung inflation was withheld, neural inspiratory duration and the inspiratory activities of all nerves increased. The subsequent period of neural expiration was marked by an exaggerated burst of activity by the TA branch of the RLN. TA expiratory activity was also sharply increased after inspiratory efforts that were reflexly delayed by the prevention of lung emptying. TA activity in expiration was enhanced after vagotomy and was usually more prominent than when lung inflation was withheld before vagal section. The results demonstrate the importance and complexity of the influence of vagal afferents on laryngeal motor activity.     

Respiratory activities of intralaryngeal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

To distinguish experimentally between motor nerve activity destined for vocal cord abductor muscles and that bound for muscles that adduct the cords, we recorded efferent activities of intralaryngeal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed, ventilated cats. Activities of the whole RLN and phrenic nerve were also recorded. Nerve activities were assessed at several steady-state end-tidal O2 and CO2 concentrations. The nerve to the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle, a vocal cord adductor, was only slightly active under base-line (normocapnic, hyperoxic) conditions but in most cats developed strong activity during expiration in hypocapnia or hypoxia. In severe hypocapnia, phasic expiratory TA activity persisted even during phrenic apnea, indicating continuing activity of the respiratory rhythm generator. The nerve to the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle, the vocal cord abductor, was always active in inspiration but often showed expiratory activity as well. This expiratory activity was usually enhanced by hypercapnia and often inhibited by hypoxia. The results are consistent with previous electromyographic findings and emphasize the importance of distinguishing abductor from adductor activity in studies of laryngeal control.     

视网膜神经节细胞的纯化和体外存活

我们用特异性抗体Thy1.1结合尼龙筛方法分离和纯化新生大鼠视网膜神经节细胞,比较顶盖提取液对这些纯化细胞的作用。预先以快蓝(fast blue,FB)逆行标记的视网膜细胞悬液,接种在包被了Thy1.1抗体的培养皿上30分钟,冲洗未粘附的细胞,显微镜下计数粘附细胞中FB标记的视网膜神经节细胞纯度的百分比,最高为95%。用孔径15μm尼龙筛方法分离的纯度仅为60±5%。上述两种方法纯化的视网膜神经节细胞,仅在有顶盖提取液存在时,细胞存活并生长活跃,胞体大且有突起伸出。MTT微量比色法测定培养24小时纯化细胞存活的光密度(OD)值,显示以Thy1.1特异性抗体纯化的细胞,其OD值比值(+Te/-Te)是12.3(0.111/0.009);以尼龙筛纯化的OD值比值(+Te/-Te)是6.4(0.102/0.016);未经纯化的OD值比值(+Te/-Te)是3.8(0.095/0.025)。在上述三组中,加Te与无Te细胞生存的OD值比较,相差均非常显著(P<0.01)。结论:在纯化的视网膜神经节细胞的培养中,由于排除了其他细胞所引起的非特异性反应,神经节细胞能够更直接地反映顶盖提取液的生物效应;视网膜神经节细胞纯度越高,其作用越显著。     

Differing activities of medullary respiratory neurons in eupnea and gasping

Our purpose was to compare further eupneic ventilatory activity with that of gasping. Decerebrate, paralyzed, and ventilated cats were used; the vagi were sectioned within the thorax caudal to the laryngeal branches. Activities of the phrenic nerve and medullary respiratory neurons were recorded. Antidromic invasion was used to define bulbospinal, laryngeal, or not antidromically activated units. The ventilatory pattern was reversibly altered to gasping by exposure to 1% carbon monoxide in air. In eupnea, activities of inspiratory neurons commenced at various times during inspiration, and for most the discharge frequency gradually increased. In gasping, the peak discharge frequency of inspiratory neurons was unaltered. However, all commenced activities at the start of the phrenic burst and reached peak discharge almost immediately. The discharge frequencies of all groups of expiratory neurons fell in gasping, with many neurons ceasing activity entirely. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that brain stem mechanisms controlling eupnea and gasping differ fundamentally.     

黄瓜根尖分生组织细胞核仁超微结构类型及缺硼时的变化

硼是植物必需的一种微量元素,缺乏时植物根的生长被抑制。黄瓜根尖分生组织细胞核中核仁有四种类型。不缺硼的核仁中,丝状成分、粒状成分、丝状中心及核仁液泡能够明显地看到。缺硼的核仁中,丝状成分萎缩,变得粗短。看不见丝状中心、核仁液泡等。环形核仁中的中央大液泡变小。     

鄂西南香蒲科、黑三棱科、眼子菜科和茨藻科植物区系特征

本文在采集标本基础上,结合分析大量有关资料,讨论了鄂西南香蒲科等四科植物区系特征。结果表明:1.区系组成包括5属20种2变种1杂种。其中有1新种1新变种和3个湖北分布新记录。2.区系种类丰富,起源古老,对湖北同类区系具有代表性。3.有一定比例的特有成分(8.70%)。4.区系地理成分复杂多样,但主要具有东亚亚热带一温带分布(26.09%)和世界性分布(26.09%)的性质。5.本区四科植物区系主要与处于我国地貌第三级阶梯上的省区发生密切联系。其区系分区,在亚区的划分上与陆生种子植物相同。