Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhances P acquisition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a sandy loam soil with long-term inorganic fertilization regime

The P efficiency, crop yield, and response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus caledonium were tested in an experimental field with long-term (19 years) fertilizer management. The experiment included five fertilizer treatments: organic amendment (OA), half organic amendment plus half mineral fertilizer (1/2 OM), mineral fertilizer NPK, mineral fertilizer NK, and the control (without fertilization). AMF inoculation responsiveness (MIR) of wheat plants at acquiring P were estimated by comparing plants grown in unsterilized soil inoculated with G. caledonium and in untreated soil containing indigenous AMF. Without AMF inoculation, higher crop yields but lower colonization rates were observed in the NPK and two OA-inputted treatments, and NPK had significantly (P < 0.05) lower impacts on organic C and available P in soils and thereby P acquisition of wheat plants compared with OA and 1/2 OM. G. caledonium inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) increased colonization rates with the NPK and two P-deficient treatments but significantly (P < 0.05) increased vegetative biomass, crop yield, and P acquisition of wheat as well as soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, only with the NPK treatment. This gave an MIR of ca. 45% on total P acquisition of wheat plants. There were no other remarkable MIRs. It suggested that the MIR is determined by soil available P status, and rational combination of AMF with chemical NPK fertilizer can compensate for organic amendments by improving P-acquisition efficiency in arable soils.     

应用纤维素结合域标签构建谷氨酸棒状杆菌表达系统

为优化谷氨酸棒状杆菌表达系统的纯化工艺,合成里氏木霉的CBD基因,将其与谷氨酸棒状杆菌分泌表达载体pXMJ19-sp连接,构建以CBD为纯化标签的重组载体pXMJ 19-sp-CBD.在该载体中插入GFP基因并转化至谷氨酸棒状杆菌,可获得分泌表达融合蛋白GFP-CBD的重组菌.该菌经IPTG诱导后的发酵液在紫外灯下显示强烈的绿色荧光,重组蛋白的分泌表达量达200 mg/L.利用CBD标签对纤维素柱的可逆性吸附,可直接对谷氨酸棒状杆菌分泌到培养基中的重组蛋白进行纯化,从而简化工艺和降低成本,为工业化大生产奠定基础.     

喀斯特土壤固氮微生物群落与植被、土壤的关系

固氮微生物作为土壤中重要的功能微生物群之一,其与地上植物群落、土壤环境之间的关系尚不清楚。在桂西北的环江县、都安县和大化县选取喀斯特典型植被类型(草丛、灌丛、次生林)建立样方,通过植被调查、测定土壤理化性质和构建克隆文库的方法,研究了土壤固氮微生物群落的结构与组成,分析了固氮微生物群落与植物群落、土壤理化性质之间的关系。结果表明:研究区典型植被类型土壤中的优势固氮微生物为慢生根瘤菌。Mantel相关性分析表明植物群落与固氮微生物群落显著相关(r=0.6116,P=0.011);结合PCo A分析和Venn图可看出,植物群落组成与结构越相似,土壤固氮微生物群落结构与组成也越相似。CCA分析前两轴的解释率之和仅为22.72%,其中总氮、有效态钾、有效态钙对固氮微生物群落的影响显著,这表明本研究涵盖的土壤理化性质指标并不能完全解释固氮微生物群落的变异,需要补充更多的土壤数据进行更深入的研究。由此可见,在喀斯特生态恢复过程中,不仅要关注地上植被群落的恢复与重建,同时也应重视地下功能微生物群落的恢复与重建。     

正常人及不育者精子核DNA的定量研究

用流式细胞术,Feulgen显微分光光度法,荧光显微分光光度法测定正常人精子核DNA相对含量:结果表明,上述方法所测得的精子核DNA相对含量稳定,变化范围小。同时用Feulgen显微分光光度法测定不育者精子核DNA相对含量。显示不育者精子核DNA相对含量高于正常人,提示精子核DNA核蛋白复合物异常可能是某些男性不育症的原因。此项研究为诊断男性不育症提供了新方法,在男性学精子核分子研究方面提供了依据。     

罗汉果转抗病基因NPR1的研究

以罗汉果子叶为外植体,研究了影响根癌农杆菌介导的罗汉果遗传转化的若干因素,建立了罗汉果遗传转化体系.结果表明,5 d苗龄的子叶、预培养1 d、侵染20 min、共培养4 d、共培养温度22℃、AS100μmol/L、Hy浓度不定芽筛选为10 mg/L,生根筛选为20 mg/L转化率最高.抗性苗经PCR和Southern...     

荷花品种分类新系统

就古今中外荷花工作者对茶花品种分类研究进行的分析比较,提出品种分类的基本原则,对《中国荷花品种图志》（１９８９）制定的荷品种分类系统作了若干调整,即认定美国莲（Ｎｅｌｕｍｂｏｌｕｔｅａ）为中国莲亚种后重新确定基分类地位;将中,小株型品种并列与大标型品种分开;增设新类型,补充重台型品种和间色花品种,调整后制定的荷花品种分类新系统检索表,包括３种系,６群,１４类,３８型,含２７８个品种。     

Localization of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the cat hypothalamus

The distribution pattern of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-Li) in cat hypothalamus was studied using avidin-biotin modification of immunocytochemical method. This study showed cell bodies containing NPY-Li in the periventricular and the infundibular nuclei and also a moderate number of neurons with NPY-Li in the ventromedial nucleus, an observation not reported in earlier studies. Fibers with NPY-Li were noted throughout the hypothalamus, but most prominently within the periventricular regions. The location of NPY cells within the hypothalamus suggests the possibility of an interaction with dopaminergic and other proopiomelanocortinergic neurons.     

Properties of ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme from mammary gland of lactating rats

Ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme was induced in mammary gland of fasted lactating rats by administration of 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol. Antizyme from mammary gland showed similar chemical and kinetic behavior to that previously reported by Canellakis and co-workers for antizyme from liver [J. S. Heller, W. F. Fong, and E. S. Canellakis (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 1858-1862]; specifically the inhibitor was nondialyzable, heat labile, and ribonuclease insensitive, and the inhibition was time independent, proportional to the concentration of antizyme present, and noncompetitive with respect to the substrate, ornithine. However, ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme from mammary gland eluted from Sephadex G-75 with an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa, compared with 27 kDa, for antizyme from liver under identical conditions. The elution pattern was unaffected by the presence of high salt concentrations, indicating that the larger size was not due to macromolecular complexes. The presence of antizyme-ornithine decarboxylase complex was detected in mammary gland of untreated lactating rats fasted for 6 or 24 h, thus indicating that antizyme plays a role in the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase in mammary gland under physiological conditions.     

利用阵列分析水稻AP2/EREBP 家族基因的表达特性

AP2/EREBP蛋白是广泛存在于高等植物中的且包含AP2/EREBP功能域的重要转录因子家族, 通常可分为包含单功能域的EREBP类蛋白和包含两个功能域的AP2类蛋白, 它们的功能涉及植物生长发育调控和对逆境应答等许多方面。据预测,水稻基因组编码150个左右的AP2/EREBP 家族成员, 但目前绝大多数蛋白的功能仍不清楚。为了解这些基因在水稻不同器官中的表达特性, 我们以AP2/EREBP功能域的氨基酸序列为基础, 从水稻基因组数据库中搜索到12个AP2类以及20个EREBP类预测基因, 利用PCR扩增的编码区序列制备了这些预测基因的macro-array。 以幼芽、幼根、幼叶、颖花和灌浆期成熟叶的 cDNA为探针, 杂交分析结果显示: 不同AP2类预测基因之间的表达量差别较大, 但同一个基因在不同器官中表达量基本一致; 与此不同的是, 大部分EREBP类预测基因在幼根和成熟叶片中表达量较高, 而在幼芽和幼叶中表达量较低。这些预测基因的表达模式可能与它们的功能密切相关。