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61.
Soil Diversity and Land Use in the United States 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Soils are dynamic components of terrestrial ecosystems that historically have been viewed as economic resources by government and private interests. The large-scale conversion of many sections of the United States to agriculture and urban land uses, combined with the growing awareness of the role of soils in global biogeochemistry and ecology, ultimately requires an assessment of the remaining distribution of undisturbed soils in the country. Here we conduct the first quantitative analysis of disturbed and undisturbed soil distribution in the USA using a GIS-based approach. We find that a sizable fraction (4.5%) of the nation's soils are in danger of substantial loss, or complete extinction, due to agriculture and urbanization. In the agricultural belt of the country, up to 80% of the soils that were naturally of low abundance are now severely impacted (greater than 50% conversion to agricultural/urban uses). Undisturbed soils provide ecosystem services that warrant their preservation, including a somewhat complex relationship with rare or endangered plants. The known and unknown attributes of undisturbed soils suggests the need for an integrated biogeodiversity perspective in landscape preservation efforts. 相似文献
62.
Jiaming Tian Bingxin Dai Li Gong Pingping Wang Han Ding Siwei Xia Weice Sun Cuiping Ren Jijia Shen Miao Liu 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2022,16(8)
Schistosomiasis is a serious and widespread parasitic disease caused by infection with Schistosoma. Because the parasite’s eggs are primarily responsible for schistosomiasis dissemination and pathogenesis, inhibiting egg production is a potential approach to control the spread and severity of the disease. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins represent promising targets for the development of epigenetic drugs against Schistosoma. JQ-1 is a selective inhibitor of the BET protein family. In the present study, JQ-1 was applied to S. japonicum in vitro. By using laser confocal scanning microscopy and EdU incorporation assays, we showed that application of JQ-1 to worms in vitro affected egg laying and the development of both the male and female reproductive systems. JQ-1 also inhibited the expression of the reproductive-related genes SjPlk1 and SjNanos1 in S. japonicum. Mice infected with S. japonicum were treated with JQ-1 during egg granuloma formation. JQ-1 treatment significantly reduced the size of the liver granulomas and levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in mice and suppressed both egg laying and the development of male and female S. japonicum reproductive systems in vivo. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of some proinflammatory cytokines were decreased in the parasites. Our findings suggest that JQ-1 treatment attenuates S. japonicum egg–induced hepatic granuloma due at least in part to suppressing the development of the reproductive system and egg production of S. japonicum. These findings further suggest that JQ-1 or other BET inhibitors warrant additional study as a new approach for the treatment or prevention of schistosomiasis. 相似文献
63.
Weiqiao Zhou Zihao Zhang Lixiang Li Jing Xu Yongyang Gong Song Guo Yuanli Liu 《Luminescence》2024,39(3):e4700
Three new neutral and ionic phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes were successfully prepared using 1-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)isoquinoline as the main ligand, while the auxiliary ligand was 2-(2-1H-imidazolyl)pyridine. Three complexes (Ir1, Ir2, Ir3) showed red emission, peaking at 610, 609, and 615 nm, respectively, and they exhibited good solubility and excellent photophysical properties in different solvents, which is suitable to prepare organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by solution method. Among the three OLEDs prepared by iridium(III) complexes using the solution method, the device based on Ir2 possessed better electroluminescent properties, and its maximum brightness, current efficiency (CE), power efficiency (PE), and the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) were 507.2 cd m−2, 0.14 cd A−1, 0.06 lm W−1, and 0.14%. respectively, proving that the three complexes have a certain of potential for OLEDs applications and are expected to expand the applications of iridium(III) complexes for OLEDs. 相似文献
64.
为明确朝天椒(品种:BLTY2)叶片饲喂的斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫生长发育受到抑制的关键原因,本研究以人工饲料及牛角椒(品种:FXBX)叶片饲喂的斜纹夜蛾幼虫为对照,通过比较3种食料饲喂后斜纹夜蛾幼虫相关生理生化指标的变化,分析BLTY 2辣椒叶片饲喂所致的斜纹夜蛾幼虫生长发育异常的原因。结果表明,朝天椒辣椒叶片饲喂的斜纹夜蛾幼虫生长发育速率滞后于牛角椒辣椒叶片及人工饲料饲喂的斜纹夜蛾幼虫,且每头幼虫的发育时长均显著延长(P<0.05)。饲喂后第1天、第3天、第4天、第5天、第6天和第7天,饲喂BLTY 2辣椒叶片的斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内保幼激素(JH)含量均显著高于其他2种食料饲喂的斜纹夜蛾幼虫(P<0.05)。饲喂后第3天、第4天、第5天和第7天,饲喂BLTY 2辣椒叶片的斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内蜕皮激素(Ecd)含量均显著高于其他2种食料饲喂的斜纹夜蛾幼虫(P<0.05)。3种食料饲喂后斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内的几丁质酶(CHT)活性变化差异较大,而2种辣椒叶片饲喂后斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内的组织蛋白酶(CTS)活性变化趋势相似,且不同于人工饲料饲喂的斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内的CTS活性变化趋势。由此可见,BLTY 2辣椒主要干扰斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内JH与Ecd的含量抑制其生长发育。本研究结果可为筛选具有抗虫活性的植物次生代谢物质奠定基础。 相似文献
65.
Wai-Po Kong Furong Gong Pui-Kin So Yu Wai Chen Pak-Ho Chan Yun-Chung Leung Kwok-Yin Wong 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2022,298(8)
FtsQBL is a transmembrane protein complex in the divisome of Escherichia coli that plays a critical role in regulating cell division. Although extensive efforts have been made to investigate the interactions between the three involved proteins, FtsQ, FtsB, and FtsL, the detailed interaction mechanism is still poorly understood. In this study, we used hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to investigate these full-length proteins and their complexes. We also dissected the structural dynamic changes and the related binding interfaces within the complexes. Our data revealed that FtsB and FtsL interact at both the periplasmic and transmembrane regions to form a stable complex. Furthermore, the periplasmic region of FtsB underwent significant conformational changes. With the help of computational modeling, our results suggest that FtsBL complexation may bring the respective constriction control domains (CCDs) in close proximity. We show that when FtsBL adopts a coiled-coil structure, the CCDs are fixed at a vertical position relative to the membrane surface; thus, this conformational change may be essential for FtsBL’s interaction with other divisome proteins. In the FtsQBL complex, intriguingly, we show only FtsB interacts with FtsQ at its C-terminal region, which stiffens a large area of the β-domain of FtsQ. Consistent with this, we found the connection between the α- and β-domains in FtsQ is also strengthened in the complex. Overall, the present study provides important experimental evidence detailing the local interactions between the full-length FtsB, FtsL, and FtsQ protein, as well as valuable insights into the roles of FtsQBL complexation in regulating divisome activity. 相似文献
66.
Xin Zhong Yang Yang Jing Zhao Binbin Gong Jingrui Li Xiaolei Wu Hongbo Gao Guiyun Lü 《The Plant Pathology Journal》2022,38(3):229
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is the most serious soil-borne disease in the world and has become the main limiting factor of watermelon production. Reliable and quick detection and quantification of Fon are essential in the early stages of infection for control of watermelon Fusarium wilt. Traditional detection and identification tests are laborious and cannot efficiently quantify Fon isolates. In this work, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been described to accurately identify and quantify Fon in watermelon plants and soil. The FONRT-18 specific primer set which was designed based on identified specific sequence amplified a specific 172 bp band from Fon and no amplification from the other formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum tested. The detection limits with primers were 1.26 pg/μl genomic DNA of Fon, 0.2 pg/ng total plant DNA in inoculated plant, and 50 conidia/g soil. The PCR assay could also evaluate the relationships between the disease index and Fon DNA quantity in watermelon plants and soil. The assay was further used to estimate the Fon content in soil after disinfection with CaCN2. The real-time PCR method is rapid, accurate and reliable for monitoring and quantification analysis of Fon in watermelon plants and soil. It can be applied to the study of disease diagnosis, plant-pathogen interactions, and effective management. 相似文献
67.
Yulan Liu Limin Gong Defa Li Zhanyu Feng Lidan Zhao Tao Dong 《Archives of animal nutrition》2013,67(3):151-165
It has been widely documented that fish oil attenuates inflammatory responses partially via down-regulation of T-lymphocyte function. To determine the anti-inflammatory role of fish oil in weanling pigs, we investigated the effects of fish oil and its functional constituents on peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production and subsequent intracellular signalling in inflammatory-challenged weanling pigs and in in vitro cultured lymphocytes. Fish oil (7%) or corn oil (7%) was supplemented to 72 crossbred pigs (7.6 ± 0.3 kg BW and 28 ± 3 days of age) in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment that included an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge (challenged or not challenged). On day 14 and 28 of the experiment, 200 μg/kg BW of LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline was administered to the pigs by intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples were collected on days 15 and 29 to determine peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. The results showed that inflammatory challenge decreased average daily gain (P < 0.05) and average daily feed intake (P < 0.05) during days 15 - 28. Fish oil supplementation had no effect on growth performance. Inflammatory challenge increased lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A) (P < 0.05) following each challenge. Fish oil tended to suppress (P < 0.1) the proliferation following the first challenge. Similarly, fish oil tended to reduce IL-1β production (P < 0.1) following the second challenge and IL-2 (P < 0.1) production following the first challenge in both challenged and unchallenged pigs compared with corn oil. In parallel in vitro experiments, peripheral blood lymphocytes of weanling pigs were incubated with various concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or linoleic acid (LA) (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 μg/ml). EPA, DHA and high levels of LA predominantly suppressed IL-1β (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.05) production and subsequent lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.05). Low levels of LA increased (P < 0.05) IL-2 production. Compared with LA, EPA resulted in a stronger inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.05) and IL-2 (P < 0.01), and DHA resulted in a stronger inhibition of IL-1β (P < 0.05) and IL-2 (P < 0.01). To elucidate the mechanism(s) by which fish oil and its functional constituents suppressed lymphocyte function, the kinetics of intracellular [Ca2 +]i and protein kinase C activity were determined in in vitro experiments. EPA, DHA and LA exerted very similar dose-dependent stimulatory effects on intracellular Ca2 +. EPA and DHA inhibited protein kinase C activity (P < 0.05), while LA had no significant effect (P > 0.05). These results suggest that fish oil and its functional constituents (EPA and DHA) exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulation of lymphocyte activation in weanling pigs, possibly by manipulation of intracellular signalling. 相似文献
68.
为探讨我国亚热带山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林的林隙干扰特征,对三峡大老岭地区这一植被类型进行调查,分析了植被中林隙的数量、类型及成因;林隙形成木(GM)的类型、数量、物种构成和径级结构,以及林隙和GM的多尺度空间格局特征。结果表明1)林隙密度为11.7个*hm-2;冠林隙和扩展林隙分别占森林面积的11.09%和27.06%。平均每个林窗的形成木为4.5株;单株GM形成的林隙只占17.46%,其中翻倒木集群性最强。对林隙形成的贡献大小次序是翻倒木>折干>枯立>折枝。2)林隙成因方面冬雪和春、秋冻雨的影响最大;病害影响其次;树木间的牵连和撞击扩大了林隙的范围;陡峭的地形增大林隙形成的机率;干旱的影响很小。3)68种GM主要是森林建群种;常绿树种形成林隙的平均机率高于落叶种。4)GM的胸径结构表明本地森林林隙干扰十分频繁。 相似文献
69.
70.
我们采用本院基础医学研究所组建的IL-6工程菌E.coilDH5a(pBV-hlL-6),在选定的培养基及pH值下,采用30升发酵罐进一步观察了工程菌的生长和rIL-6的表达,确定了发酵工艺条件。在此条件下连续进行了三批次的培养试验。结果表明,工程首的生长密度达到2.51±0.02g[干重]/L[发酵液],rIL-6产率为182.4±2.0mg/g[干重]。rIL-6以包涵体形式表达于大肠杆菌细胞中,破菌后选用非离子型去垢剂或尿素等变性剂提取包涵体中的杂蛋白,可使rIL-6的纯度达到70.1±1.3%,收率为71.9±1.9%。洗涤后的包涵体,经过凝胶柱纯化和复性,rIL-6纯度达到95%以上,柱纯化的收率为72.3±0.9%;采用依赖IL-6,小鼠杂交瘤细胞系7TD1及MTT比色法测定生物活性,rIL-6比活性达2×108U/mg。 相似文献