人胎肝细胞分泌的低分子抑瘤物对白血病细胞的抑制作用

本工作证明了在胎儿组织中存在一类低分子天然肿瘤抑制物,它是胎儿组织细胞生成和分泌的,对瘤株细胞和原代白血病细胞有选择性抑制作用。初发期或复发期急性非淋巴细胞白血病患者的骨髓在体外液体培养条件下与肝细胞上清及其甲醇提取物共同孵育4d,可使所有病例的骨髓AML—CFU降低到不可检出的程度。因而,低分子天然抑瘤物是天然肿瘤免疫中的一个组成部分,它在肿瘤的诊断和治疗中有着深远的意义。     

Application of Multiplexed Kinase Inhibitor Beads to Study Kinome Adaptations in Drug-Resistant Leukemia

Protein kinases play key roles in oncogenic signaling and are a major focus in the development of targeted cancer therapies. Imatinib, a BCR-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a successful front-line treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However, resistance to imatinib may be acquired by BCR-Abl mutations or hyperactivation of Src family kinases such as Lyn. We have used multiplexed kinase inhibitor beads (MIBs) and quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) to compare kinase expression and activity in an imatinib-resistant (MYL-R) and -sensitive (MYL) cell model of CML. Using MIB/MS, expression and activity changes of over 150 kinases were quantitatively measured from various protein kinase families. Statistical analysis of experimental replicates assigned significance to 35 of these kinases, referred to as the MYL-R kinome profile. MIB/MS and immunoblotting confirmed the over-expression and activation of Lyn in MYL-R cells and identified additional kinases with increased (MEK, ERK, IKKα, PKCβ, NEK9) or decreased (Abl, Kit, JNK, ATM, Yes) abundance or activity. Inhibiting Lyn with dasatinib or by shRNA-mediated knockdown reduced the phosphorylation of MEK and IKKα. Because MYL-R cells showed elevated NF-κB signaling relative to MYL cells, as demonstrated by increased IκBα and IL-6 mRNA expression, we tested the effects of an IKK inhibitor (BAY 65-1942). MIB/MS and immunoblotting revealed that BAY 65-1942 increased MEK/ERK signaling and that this increase was prevented by co-treatment with a MEK inhibitor (AZD6244). Furthermore, the combined inhibition of MEK and IKKα resulted in reduced IL-6 mRNA expression, synergistic loss of cell viability and increased apoptosis. Thus, MIB/MS analysis identified MEK and IKKα as important downstream targets of Lyn, suggesting that co-targeting these kinases may provide a unique strategy to inhibit Lyn-dependent imatinib-resistant CML. These results demonstrate the utility of MIB/MS as a tool to identify dysregulated kinases and to interrogate kinome dynamics as cells respond to targeted kinase inhibition.     

土壤水分胁迫对夏玉米植株性状整齐度的影响

利用大型防雨设施池栽,严格调控水量,研究夏玉米全程及阶段性土壤水分胁迫对植株性状整齐度的影响。结果表明,夏玉米生育全程水分胁迫,植株性状整齐度全面劣化,产量极低;苗期阶段水分胁迫导致大、小苗,壮、弱苗两极分化明显,株高整齐度显著下降,其负效应持续至生育后期,生育进程推迟,千粒重显著降低,对产量造成一定影响;穗期阶段水分胁迫对穗长、穗料数整齐度影响明显,产量降幅度较大;花粒期阶段水平胁迫对千粒重及穗     

荆芥中总黄酮的微波提取及含量测定

中药荆芥原名假苏 ,始载于《本经》,列入下品 ,为唇形科植物裂叶荆芥 ( Schizonepeta tenuifolia〈 Benth〉Briq)和多裂叶荆芥的茎叶和花穗。民间用于治疗祛风、解表、透疹和止血。近年研究表明荆芥具有解热降温、镇静、镇痛、抗炎、止血、抑制心肌收缩、祛痰平喘、抗氧化等药理作用。目前从荆芥中分离得到的主要化学成分有酚类、酸类、黄酮类化合物 ,穗状花序含有单萜类化合物 ,荆芥挥发油主要含有胡薄荷酮和薄荷酮等化合物 ,具有特殊的香气[1] 。微波技术的应用 ,近年来得到很大发展。微波具有穿透力强、选择性高、加热效率高等特点。微…     

Manipulation of host ecdysteroid hormone levels facilitates infection by the fungal insect pathogen,Metarhizium rileyi

Entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium rileyi and Beauveria bassiana are widely used insect biological control agents. Little, however, is known concerning genetic or enzymatic factors that differentiate the mechanisms employed by these two fungal pathogens to infect target hosts. Infection by either of these organisms is known to increase levels of the growth and molting hormone, ecdysone, which also regulates the expression of a number of innate immune pathways. M. rileyi, but not B. bassiana, has apparently evolved an ecdysteroid-22-oxidase (MrE22O) that inactivate ecdysone. We show that deletion of MrE22O impaired virulence compared with the wild-type strain, with an increase in ecdysone titer seen in hosts that was coupled to an increase in the expression of antimicrobial genes. An M. rileyi strain engineered to overexpress MrE22O (MrE22O^OE), as well as trans-expression in B. bassiana (Bb::MrE220^OE) resulted, in strains displaying enhanced virulence and dampening of host immune responses compared with their respective wild-type parental strains. These results indicate that ecdysone plays an important role in mediating responses to fungal infection and that some insect pathogenic fungi have evolved mechanisms for targeting this hormone as a means for facilitating infection.     

杉木半同胞子代林的遗传测定和综合指数选择

本研究对四年生杉木半同胞子代林49个家系的遗传测定结果表明：树高、胸径、冠幅等性状呈高度遗传;枝粗、枝数等性状呈弱度遗传;枝数与大多性状间呈不显著遗传负相关;树高、胸径之间遗传相关显著;冠幅、年轮盘数、枝粗及枝长四者之间遗传相关极显著;该四性状与高、径之间呈极显著遗传相关．采用综合指数选择摸式得指数方程为I=1.647P1 2.993P2 1.522P3 0.086P4-0.ll7P5-1.779P6-1.995P7,据此选出遗传型最佳家系,并分析了综合指数选择法的合理性和有效性．     

质体醌重组的D1／D2／Cytb559复合物的荧光衰减动力学和光破坏作用

光系统Ⅱ反应中心Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５５９ 在分离纯化过程中失去了电子受体ＱＡ 和ＱＢ,人工合成的质体醌可以与Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５５９ 复合物发生重组。癸基质体醌（ＤＰＱ）与Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５９９ 复合物的重组导致该复合物的荧光强度下降及发射光谱蓝移,同时两个与光化学活性相关的长寿命（２４ ｎｓ和７３ ｎｓ）荧光衰减组分占整个荧光的百分数下降,这些结果表明ＤＰＱ作为Ｐｈｅｏ－ 的电子受体,限制了Ｐ６８０＋ ·Ｐｈｅｏ－ 的电荷重组。ＤＰＱ 的加入对Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５５９复合物中Ｃｈｌａ 分子的光破坏敏感性影响不大,但β－胡萝卜素在加入ＤＰＱ 之后可以被光照破坏,这个过程可能与β－胡萝卜素的生理功能相关。     

基于Illumina HiSeq测序技术研究吡虫啉对意大利蜜蜂雄蜂的影响

[目的]雄蜂对蜂群繁衍有着非常重要的作用.本研究旨在探究吡虫啉对意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera Ligustica雄蜂生长发育和基因表达产生的影响.[方法]以意大利蜜蜂雄蜂为研究对象,分别以0.00001、0.0001和0.001 μg/μL浓度的吡虫啉对雄蜂幼虫进行连续饲喂处理.每天观察并记录幼虫的发育形态及死亡率,在雄蜂幼虫后期(移虫后6d)测量幼虫体重.利用Illumina HiSeq测序技术对经吡虫啉处理的雄蜂进行转录组测序,进而对差异表达基因进行深入分析.[结果]取食吡虫啉后的雄蜂幼虫,体重低于正常雄蜂,当浓度高于0.0001μg/μL时差异显著;雄蜂幼虫取食吡虫啉后出现死亡现象,且死亡率随吡虫啉浓度的升高而增大;差异表达基因分析结果上调与下调基因数量分别为390个和130个.GO富集分析结果上调基因共分布于55个GO条目,富集基因数量最多的是细胞进程、细胞、细胞组件、细胞膜、细胞膜组件、结合,下调基因共分布于48个GO条目,富集基因数量最多的是细胞进程、细胞、细胞组件.富集在有关生殖功能的差异表达基因中,上调基因数量为21个,下调基因数量为5个.KEGG代谢通路富集分析结果上调基因富集在159个通路上,其中富集基因数最多的是蛋白质消化吸收和神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路.下调基因富集在71个通路上,其中富集基因数最多的是溶酶体、胰液分泌、神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路.[结论]吡虫啉能抑制意大利蜜蜂雄蜂的生长发育,甚至造成幼虫死亡,同时,可以影响雄蜂的神经系统、代谢系统和生殖系统等.本研究结果为蜜蜂资源保护提供理论依据.     

Inhibition of tyrosinase by gastrodin: An integrated kinetic-computational simulation analysis

We studied the inhibitory effect of gastrodin on tyrosinase using inhibition kinetics and computational simulation. Gastrodin reversibly inhibited tyrosinase in a mixed-type manner with K_i = 123.8 ± 20.2 mM. Time-interval kinetics revealed the inhibition to be a first-order process with mono- and bi-phasic components. Using AutoDock Vina, we calculated a binding energy of ?6.3 kcal/mol for gastrodin and tyrosinase, and we performed a molecular dynamics simulation of the tyrosinase–gastrodin interaction. The simulation results suggested that gastrodin interacts primarily with histidine residues in the active site. A 10-ns molecular dynamics simulation showed that one copper ion in the tyrosinase active site was responsible for the interaction with gastrodin. Our study provides insight into the inhibition of tyrosinase by the hydroxyl groups of gastrodin. A combination of inhibition kinetics and computational calculations may help to confirm the inhibitory action of gastrodin on tyrosinase and define the mechanisms of inhibition.