花椒总生物碱镇痛、抗炎、止痒作用研究

目的:研究花椒生物碱镇痛、抗炎及止痒作用。方法:分别采用热板法考察其镇痛作用二甲苯致炎法考察其抗炎作用、低分子右旋糖酐-40诱发小鼠皮肤瘙痒研究其止痒作用。结果:中、高浓度的花椒生物碱对小鼠热刺激引起的疼痛具有较强的镇痛作用;高浓度的花椒生物碱能较强抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀,并能缓解分子右旋糖酐-40诱发的小鼠皮肤瘙痒。具有较强的抗炎、止痒作用。结论:花椒生物碱具有较强的镇痛、抗炎、止痒作用。     

Critical role of acrolein in secondary injury following ex vivo spinal cord trauma

The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by the initial, primary injury followed by secondary injury processes in which oxidative stress is a critical component. Secondary injury processes not only exacerbate pathology at the site of primary injury, but also result in spreading of injuries to the adjacent, otherwise healthy tissue. The lipid peroxidation byproduct acrolein has been implicated as one potential mediator of secondary injury. To further and rigorously elucidate the role of acrolein in secondary injury, a unique ex vivo model is utilized to isolate the detrimental effects of mechanical injury from toxins such as acrolein that are produced endogenously following SCI. We demonstrate that (i) acrolein-Lys adducts are capable of diffusing from compressed tissue to adjacent, otherwise uninjured tissue; (ii) secondary injury by itself produces significant membrane damage and increased superoxide production; and (iii) these injuries are significantly attenuated by the acrolein scavenger hydralazine. Furthermore, hydralazine treatment results in significantly less membrane damage 2 h following compression injury, but not immediately after. These findings support our hypothesis that, following SCI, acrolein is increased to pathologic concentrations, contributes significantly to secondary injury, and thus represents a novel target for scavenging to promote improved recovery.     

Effects of multicopy LeuO on the expression of the acid-inducible lysine decarboxylase gene in Escherichia coli.

We previously reported that mutations in hns, the structural gene for the histone-like protein H-NS, cause derepressed expression of cadA, which encodes the acid-inducible lysine decarboxylase at noninducing pH (pH 8.0). This study reports the characterization of a plasmid isolated from an Escherichia coli library that suppresses the effect of an hns mutation on cadA expression. A previously sequenced open reading frame, leuO, proves to be the gene that causes the hns-complementing phenotype. The mechanism for this phenotype appears to be overexpression of leuO from a multicopy plasmid, which drastically reduces production of CadC, the essential activator for cadA induction. These results show an in vivo regulatory phenotype for leuO, consistent with its proposed protein sequence.     

Seasonal change and habitat selection of shorebird community at the South Yangtze River Mouth and North Hangzhou Bay, China

Coastal regions are important habitats for migratory shorebirds. The aim of the study is to understand habitat use by migratory shorebirds and to develop a conservation strategy in the sustainable use of wetlands. From March 2004 to January 2005, we conducted a seasonal shorebirds census in ten coastal habitats along the South Yangtze River mouth and North Hangzhou Bay, simultaneously examining the relative seasonal abundance of shorebirds and their spatial distribution. A total of 25 species were identified, the dominant seasonal species were Great Knot (Calidris tenuirostris), Sharp-tailed Sandpiper (Calidris alpine) and Red-necked Stint (Calidris ruficollis) in spring; Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), Common Greenshank(Tringa nebularia) and Lesser Sand Plover (Charadrius mongolus) in summer; Kentish Plover, Red-necked Stint and Common Greenshank in autumn; Dunlin(Calidris alpine), Kentish Plover and Marsh Sandpiper (Tringa stagnatilis) in winter. These species accounted for more than 85% of the total shorebirds. The numbers of shorebirds counted was highest in spring and then in autumn, winter and summer respectively. Among the four seasons, there were few significant differences in the number of bird species between the sites outside the seawall (intertidal mudflat) and the sites inside the seawall (artificial wetland), but the average density of shorebirds was obviously different. The habitat-selection analysis of the environmental factors (outside and inside the seawall) impacting on the shorebird community was made in the 10 study sites with Canonical Correspondence Analysis. The study results indicated that: (1) Outside the seawall, the widths of the total intertidal mudflat and bare mudflat were the key factors affecting the shorebirds; the proportion of bulrush (Scirpus×mariquete) covering and supertidal mudflat width had a positive correlation with the abundance of birds, while human disturbance and the proportion of both reed (Phragmites communis) and smooth cord-grass (Spartina alterniflora) covering in total surveyed areas had negative impacts on bird numbers; (2) Inside the seawall, the proportions of areas with shallow water and mudflats occupying the total surveyed area were key factors influencing the number of birds; the size of the bulrush area should have a positive impact on the appearance of shorebirds. Habitats with heavy human disturbance, dense reed and smooth cord-grass or a high water level were not conducive to be inhabited by shorebirds.     

壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以自制的壳聚糖作为载体,用戊二醛作交联剂,优化了固定化条件,研制成壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶。其活性回收率达到42—53％,操作半衰期达到一个月以上,对热、乙醇以及尿素的稳定性有很大的提高,Km值为0.67×10~2mg/mL,最适温度65—70℃,最适pH8.0,能使啤酒中的蛋白质浓度从56.5mg/L减少到2.7mg/L,可以消除啤酒的低温混浊现象。     

CuS Microspheres with Tunable Interlayer Space and Micropore as a High‐Rate and Long‐Life Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Layered transition metal sulfides (LTMSs) have tremendous commercial potential in anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) in large‐scale energy storage application. However, it is a great challenge for most LTMS electrodes to have long cycling life and high‐rate capability due to their larger volume expansion and the formation of soluble polysulfide intermediates caused by the conversion reaction. Herein, layered CuS microspheres with tunable interlayer space and pore volumes are reported through a cost‐effective interaction method using a cationic surfactant of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The CuS–CTAB microsphere as an anode for SIBs reveals a high reversible capacity of 684.6 mAh g^?1 at 0.1 A g^?1, and 312.5 mAh g^?1 at 10 A g^?1 after 1000 cycles with high capacity retention of 90.6%. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the unique structure of this material, and a high pseudocapacitive contribution ensures its high‐rate performance. Moreover, in situ X‐ray diffraction is applied to investigate their sodium storage mechanism. It is found that the long chain CTAB in the CuS provides buffer space, traps polysulfides, and restrains the further growth of Cu particles during the conversion reaction process that ensure the long cycling stability and high reversibility of the electrode material.     

桂林小花苣苔离体快速繁殖技术

对抗结核植物桂林小花苣苔(Chiritopsis repanda var. guilinensis)进行离体培养与快速繁殖技术研究。结果表明: 桂林小花苣苔叶片外植体的最适初代诱导培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L^–16-BA+0.05 mg·L^–1IBA, pH8.0; 最适继代增殖培养基为 MS+0.1 mg·L^–16-BA+0.05 mg·L^–1IBA, pH6.0, 繁殖系数7.0/35天; 最适生根培养基为1/2MS+0.2 mg·L^–1NAA, pH6.0, 生根率为93.6%。模拟桂林小花苣苔自然生境, 在春季对生根试管苗进行大棚移栽, 成活率达90%。根据上述快繁技术, 理论上每株试管苗每年可繁殖桂林小花苣苔种苗46万株。     

贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区鸟兽红外相机监测

红外相机监测是了解野生动物多样性现状、动态变化和面临威胁的重要手段。本研究采用网格抽样调查法, 在贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区内选取2个监测样区共40个监测位点布设红外相机, 对区内兽类和鸟类物种进行监测调查。2017年4月至2018年12月间, 红外相机累积监测14,808个相机工作日, 共收集有效照片14,119张, 独立有效物种照片3,199张。共鉴定野生动物9目22科61种, 其中兽类26种, 隶属于4目12科; 鸟类35种, 隶属于5目10科。记录到国家I级重点保护野生动物2种: 黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus brelichi)和白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti), 国家II级重点保护野生动物9种; 被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危(EN)的1种、易危(VU)的5种、近危(NT)的8种。物种的相对多度指数(relative abundance index, RAI)分析结果显示, 藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana, RAI = 28.23)、毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus, RAI = 15.46)、野猪(Sus scrofa, RAI = 11.82)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi, RAI = 9.05)、黔金丝猴(RAI = 7.70)为相对多度最高的5种兽类; 紫啸鸫(Myophonus insularis, RAI = 10.33)、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii, RAI = 9.59)、红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus, RAI = 6.96)、白颈长尾雉(RAI = 3.71)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha, RAI = 1.55)为相对多度最高的5种鸟类。另外, 红外相机还监测到较多的家畜活动(RAI = 11.14)和人为活动(RAI = 12.90), 保护区管理部门仍需采取相应管理措施, 进一步提高周边居民的保护意识, 促进保护区与社区的协调发展。     

Strigo-D2—a bio-sensor for monitoring spatio-temporal strigolactone signaling patterns in intact plants

Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that mediate biotic interactions and modulate developmental programs in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. However, a comprehensive view on the spatio-temporal pattern of SL signaling has not been established, and tools for a systematic in planta analysis do not exist. Here, we present Strigo-D2, a genetically encoded ratiometric SL signaling sensor that enables the examination of SL signaling distribution at cellular resolution and is capable of rapid response to altered SL levels in intact Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. By monitoring the abundance of a truncated and fluorescently labeled SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE 6 (SMXL6) protein, a proteolytic target of the SL signaling machinery, we show that all cell types investigated have the capacity to respond to changes in SL levels but with very different dynamics. In particular, SL signaling is pronounced in vascular cells but low in guard cells and the meristematic region of the root. We also show that other hormones leave Strigo-D2 activity unchanged, indicating that initial SL signaling steps work in isolation from other hormonal signaling pathways. The specificity and spatio-temporal resolution of Strigo-D2 underline the value of the sensor for monitoring SL signaling in a broad range of biological contexts with highly instructive analytical depth.

Strigo-D2 is a genetically encoded sensor visualizing spatio-temporal patterns of strigolactone signaling levels in intact plants based on the activity ratio of two fluorescent marker proteins.     

Determination of unbound vismodegib (GDC-0449) concentration in human plasma using rapid equilibrium dialysis followed by solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

A rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED) assay followed by a solid phase extraction (SPE) high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the quantitative determination of unbound vismodegib in human plasma was developed and validated. The equilibrium dialysis was carried out using 0.3 mL plasma samples in the single-use plate RED system at 37°C for 6h. The dialysis samples (0.1 mL) were extracted using a Strata-X-C 33u Polymeric Strong Cation SPE plate and the resulting extracts were analyzed using reverse-phase chromatography and positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. The standard curve, which ranged from 0.100 to 100 ng/mL for vismodegib, was fitted to a 1/x(2) weighted linear regression model. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ, 0.100 ng/mL) was sufficient to quantify unbound concentrations of vismodegib after dialysis. The intra-assay precision of the LC-MS/MS assay, based on the four analytical QC levels (LLOQ, low, medium and high), was within 7.7% CV and inter-assay precision was within 5.5% CV. The assay accuracy, expressed as %Bias, was within ±4.0% of the nominal concentration values. Extraction recovery of vismodegib was between 77.9 and 84.0%. The assay provides a means for accurate assessment of unbound vismodegib plasma concentrations in clinical studies.