Study of the relationship between compositions of shrub plant of stable-carbon-isotope and environmental factors in Xinjiang representatives of Chenopodiaceae

The paper analyses total of 58 samples representing 32 species of the 14 genera of shrub plant of the carbon isotope composition in Xinjiang representatives of Chenopodiaceae and a detailed discussion on the various factors that can influence them. The value of 38 samples fall between ?14.88‰ and ?11.55‰ with a mean of ?13.34‰, and values of 20 samples between ?27.93‰ and ?22.877‰ with a mean of ?25.38‰. So we obtained a total of 21 of C4 species (59.4%) and 11 of C3 species (40.6%) from 32 species studied Chenopodiaceae of shrubs plant. Then the relationship of plant-carbon-isotope and environmental factors has been analyzed. The results showed that the importance environmental factors for the δ¹³C-value of the Shrubs was annual precipitation (0.78) > temperature (0.66) > elevation (0.55). The three principal components has important factors to influence on C₃/C₄ shrub plant distribution. Environmental conditions play significant roles in the distribution and ecophysiological features of different photosynthetic types and even change the photosynthetic pathways. On the other hand, such as geographic location, Sunshine duration, evaporation capacity are more or less correlation with δ¹³C values, however, they would be interfered by annual precipitation. Desert plants to adapt to drought conditions by increasing water use efficiency (WUE) strategy. In short, plant physiology function is sensitive and timely to adapt environmental change.     

蓝细菌光敏色素的分子结构、生物合成和可逆光致变色效应

蓝细菌光敏色素(CBCRs)是蓝细菌中感受光的重要光受体,能够响应从紫外光到红外光范围内的光信号,进而影响蓝细菌的光化学行为。蓝细菌光敏色素通过N-末端GAF(cGMP phosphodiesterase,adenylyl cyclase and FhlA domain)结构域中保守性半胱氨酸共价结合藻胆色素,形成具有感光生理功能的色素蛋白质。本文重点在分子水平上综述了蓝细菌光敏色素的分子结构、生物合成和可逆光致变色效应机理,并基于最新的研究进展,就蓝细菌光敏色素今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Twice exploration of tRNA +1 frameshifting in an elongation cycle of protein synthesis

Inducing tRNA +1 frameshifting to read a quadruplet codon has the potential to incorporate a non-natural amino acid into the polypeptide chain. While this strategy is being considered for genome expansion in biotechnology and bioengineering endeavors, a major limitation is a lack of understanding of where the shift occurs in an elongation cycle of protein synthesis. Here, we use the high-efficiency +1-frameshifting SufB2 tRNA, containing an extra nucleotide in the anticodon loop, to address this question. Physical and kinetic measurements of the ribosome reading frame of SufB2 identify twice exploration of +1 frameshifting in one elongation cycle, with the major fraction making the shift during translocation from the aminoacyl-tRNA binding (A) site to the peptidyl-tRNA binding (P) site and the remaining fraction making the shift within the P site upon occupancy of the A site in the +1-frame. We demonstrate that the twice exploration of +1 frameshifting occurs during active protein synthesis and that each exploration is consistent with ribosomal conformational dynamics that permits changes of the reading frame. This work indicates that the ribosome itself is a determinant of changes of the reading frame and reveals a mechanistic parallel of +1 frameshifting with –1 frameshifting.     

黄土塬区不同地形部位和土地利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响

在黄土塬区王东沟流域采集不同地形部位和不同土地利用方式下土壤样品,测定其颗粒组成、容重和饱和导水率,借助变异系数、非参数检验等方法研究了不同地形部位和不同利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响.结果表明：土壤物理性质在水平方向和沿垂直剖面都存在变异,但在同一地形部位或同一土地利用类型内,容重和颗粒组成基本相似.水平方向,饱和导水率属强变异,粘粒和砂粒含量属中等变异,粉粒含量和容重属弱变异;沿垂直剖面,土壤的粒级分布具有连续性,但0～25 cm的土壤容重和饱和导水率与下层土壤差异显著.沿坡面从上向下,土壤趋向粘重,但饱和导水率增大;其中上坡位和中坡位的土壤性质相似,在相关研究中可以进行合并.草地与其他利用方式下的土壤性质差异显著,主要受地形部位的影响;耕地和果园的土壤性质相似且不同于其他利用类型,表明人为干扰对土壤物理性质有重要影响.     

Phylogenetic analysis of Paeonia sect. Moutan (Paeoniaceae) based on multiple DNA fragments and morphological data

Tree peony, being crowned the title “King of Flowers” in China, is of great medicinal, ornamental, and economic values. In the present study, the phylogeny of the wild tree peony species (section Moutan, Paeonia, Paeoniaceae), represented by twelve accessions collected from all eight species in the section, was investigated based on the DNA sequence in five DNA fragments from both nuclear (Adh1A, Adh2 and GPAT) and chloroplast (trnS-trnG and rps16-trnQ) genomes, as well as morphological characters. Both maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference of phylogeny (BI) trees were reconstructed based on the combined data of the DNA sequences and morphological data, respectively. The MP and BI trees have the similar topology, and the sect. Moutan clearly branched into two clades. One clade consists of two species, P. delavayi and P. ludlowii, corresponding to the subsect. Delavayanae, and another clade is composed of other six species. Within the second clade, the six species can be divided into three subclades consisting of P. rockii and P. decomposita, P. jishanensis and P. qiui, P. suffruticosa and P. ostii, respectively. Among the three subclades, P. jishanensis/P. qiui is most closely related to P. suffruticosa/P. ostii. These results provide up to date the clearest picture of the phylogeny of wild tree peony species in the sect. Moutan.     

Phylogenetic position of the genus Dobinea: Evidence from nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast gene rbcL and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region

Dobinea Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, a genus with two species endemic to east Asia, has been placed in three different families, the Podoaceae, tribe Acerineae of the Sapindaceae, and tribe Dobineeae of the Anacardiaceae. In this paper, phylogenetic relationships of the genus were examined based on DNA sequences of the chloroplast rbcL gene and the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Our data support the monophyly of Dobinea and its placement in the Anacardiaceae.     

电导率作为流域水文变化指标初探

利用电导率作为主要指标, 研究了四川黑水河流域的水文特征.方差分析表明, 支流和干流上共10个样点的电导率值在采样地点间差异显著（枯水期和平水期,P＝0000）,但在时间上不具显著性差异（枯水期P＝0346,平水期P=0517）;对枯水期和平水期各样点的电导率值做配对t检验,得出两个时期的电导率值虽差异显著,但具有极其相似的动态规律（r=0973,P＝0000）,表明流域内电导率呈规律性的变化.可将电导率应用于水文时期的划分以及河流特征的标识等研究.通过计算支流电导率对邻近干流的贡献,可以推算各支流流量的贡献率.将电导率作为流域水文时空变化的特征性指标,可为深入研究河流水文变化提供更便捷的途径.     

田间施药对拟环纹豹蛛羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶分布及活性的影响

利用紫外分光光度法,对化学防治田(化防田)和生物防治田(生防田)中的拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)的分布及其活性进行了比较研究。结果表明,生防田拟环纹豹蛛身体各分部的AChE活性[包括头胸部1.251 nmol/(mg·min)、腹部0.467 nmol/(mg·min)和附肢0.760 nmol/(mg·min)]均高于化防田蜘蛛[包括头胸部0.895 nmol/(mg·min)、腹部0.445 nmol/(mg·min)和附肢0.724 nmol/(mg·min)],而生防田豹蛛的CarE活性[包括头胸部0.122 nmol/(mg·min)、腹部0.593 nmol/(mg·min)和附肢0.073 nmol/(mg·min)]均低于化防田蜘蛛[包括头胸部0.158 nmol/(mg·min)、腹部0.708 nmol/(mg·min)和附肢0.115 nmol/(mg·min)],说明化防田拟环纹豹蛛产生了一定程度的抗药性。拟环纹豹蛛体内的AChE主要集中在头胸部,CarE主要集中在腹部,这种分布特征是与其抗药性机制相适应的,并对其抗药性机制的形成做出了初步解释。这些结果也提示,拟环纹豹蛛对甲胺磷等农药的抗性不能在短期内形成,必须经历水稻→害虫→蜘蛛的较长的适应演化过程。     

大蒜芥属一新变种

发表了大蒜芥属一新变种,无毛全叶大蒜芥(Sisymbrium luteum (Maxim.)O. E. Schulz var. glabrum F. Z. Li et Z. Y. Sun.)。