分离自母婴肠道的假小链双歧杆菌的耐药性分析

【背景】由于滥用抗生素导致细菌耐药性日益严重。对于双歧杆菌,人们往往注重其益生功能的挖掘而忽视了对其耐药性的研究,存在一定的安全隐患。【目的】检测母婴肠道中假小链双歧杆菌的耐药性,探究婴儿肠道中假小链双歧杆菌耐药性的来源。【方法】利用微量肉汤稀释法测定48株分离自母婴肠道的假小链双歧杆菌对14种抗生素的耐药性,比较分离自不同家庭母婴肠道中假小链双歧杆菌的耐药性。【结果】48株母婴肠道分离株对四环素、氯霉素、新霉素、环丙沙星100%耐药,对其余10种抗生素耐药率依次为：卡那霉素98%、利福平80%、克林霉素78%、甲氧苄啶63%、红霉素59%、庆大霉素43%、链霉素16%、万古霉素14%、氨苄西林6%、利奈唑胺2%。母婴肠道分离株的耐药性无显著差异,分离自同一家庭母婴肠道的菌株具有相似的耐药表型。【结论】分离自母婴肠道的假小链双歧杆菌对多种抗生素具有耐药性,婴儿肠道中假小链双歧杆菌的耐药性可能是由母亲肠道垂直传递而来。     

Steel Anti-Corrosion Strategy Enables Long-Cycle Zn Anode

The progress of aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) is limited by the poor cycling life due to Zn anode instability, including dendrite growth, surface corrosion, and passivation. Inspired by the anti-corrosion strategy of steel industry, a compounding corrosion inhibitor (CCI) is employed as the electrolyte additive for Zn metal anode protection. It is shown that CCI can spontaneously generate a uniform and ≈30 nm thick solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on Zn anode with a strong adhesion via Zn O bonding. This SEI layer efficiently prohibits water corrosion and guides homogeneous Zn deposition without obvious dendrite formation. This enables reversible Zn deposition and dissolution for over 1100 h under the condition of 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻² in symmetric cells. The Zn-MnO₂ full cells with CCI-modified electrolyte deliver an ultralow capacity decay rate (0.013% per cycle) at 0.5 A g⁻¹ over 1000 cycles. Such an innovative strategy paves a low-cost way to achieve AZBs with long lifespan.     

Fumarate mitigates disruption induced by fenpropathrin in the silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera): A metabolomics study

The silkworm Bombyx mori L. is a model organism of the order Lepidoptera. Understanding the mechanism of pesticide resistance in silkworms is valuable for Lepidopteran pest control. In this study, comparative metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolites of 2 silkworm strains with different pesticide resistance levels at 6, 12, and 24 h after feeding with fenpropathrin. Twenty-six of 27 metabolites showed significant differences after fenpropathrin treatment and were classified into 6 metabolic pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, the urea cycle, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. After analyzing the percentage changes in the metabolic pathways at the 3 time points, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis, and the TCA cycle showed significant responses to fenpropathrin. Confirmatory experiments were performed by feeding silkworms with key metabolites of the 3 pathways. The combination of iron(II) fumarate + folic acid (IF-FA) enhanced fenpropathrin resistance in silkworms 6.38 fold, indicating that the TCA cycle is the core pathway associated with resistance. Furthermore, the disruption of several energy-related metabolic pathways caused by fenpropathrin was shown to be recovered by IF-FA in vitro. Therefore, IF-FA may have a role in boosting silkworm pesticide resistance by modulating the equilibrium between the TCA cycle and its related metabolic pathways.     

Systematics of Mukdenia and Oresitrophe (Saxifragaceae): Insights from genome skimming data

Oresitrophe and Mukdenia (Saxifragaceae) are epilithic sister genera used in traditional Chinese medicine. The taxonomy of Mukdenia, especially of M. acanthifolia, has been controversial. To address this, we produced plastid and mitochondrial data using genome skimming for Mukdenia acanthifolia and Mukdenia rossii, including three individuals of each species. We assembled complete plastomes, mitochondrial CDS and nuclear ribosomal ETS/ITS sequences using these data. Comparative analysis shows that the plastomes of Mukdenia and Oresitrophe are relatively conservative in terms of genome size, structure, gene content, RNA editing sites and codon usage. Five plastid regions that represent hotspots of change (trnH-psbA, psbC-trnS, trnM-atpE, petA-psbJ and ccsA-ndhD) are identified within Mukdenia, and six regions (trnH-psbA, petN-psbM, trnM-atpE, rps16-trnQ, ycf1 and ndhF) contain a higher number of species-specific parsimony-informative sites that may serve as potential DNA barcodes for species identification. To infer phylogenetic relationships between Mukdenia and Oresitrophe, we combined our data with published data based on three different datasets. The monophyly of each species (Oresitrophe rupifraga, M. acanthifolia and M. rossii) and the inferred topology ((M. rossii, M. acanthifolia), O. rupifraga) are well supported in trees reconstructed using the complete plastome sequences, but M. acanthifolia and M. rossii did not form a separate clade in the trees based on ETS + ITS data, while the mitochondrial CDS trees are not well-resolved. We found low recovery of genes in the Angiosperms353 target enrichment panel from our unenriched genome skimming data. Hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting may be the cause of discordance between trees reconstructed from organellar and nuclear data. Considering its morphological distinctiveness and our molecular phylogenetic results, we strongly recommend that M. acanthifolia be treated as a distinct species.     

一例智力低下患者7q~ 标记染色体的来源鉴定

以人类染色体显微切割、PCR技术构建的现有人类染色体特异性和染色体区带特异性探针池作为绘画探针,采用正向染色体绘画技术,结合染色体筛查方法,查明了一例7q~ 标记染色体患者的染色体附加片段来源于3q26→3qter。确定该患者的核型为46,XX,-7, der(7)t(7;3)(7pter→7q32::3q26→3qter)。应用这个策略,能够快速有效地鉴定标记染色体的来源。     

kar交配法转移YACs至新宿主的研究

利用改进的kar交配法,将一个含有340kb人基因组DNA的YAC片段的供体酵母菌株YAC23与受体菌株YLB504进行交配,以选择平板对所形成的候选YAC导入菌进行筛选。经PCR分析,候选YAC导入菌在404bp处有一个扩增带,即具有受体菌株的交配型(MAT α)。进一步用脉冲电泳进行核型鉴定,证实YACs己成功地进入受体,实现了YACs从一个宿主到另一个宿主之间的转移。     

A rapid method for determination of Proteus vulgaris with a piezoelectric quartz crystal sensor coated with a thin liquid film

A rapid method for microorganism detection using a piezoelectric quartz crystal sensor (PQC) coated with a thin liquid culture medium film was developed and applied to detect the cell number of Proteus vulgaris. This method employed the viscosity and density response of PQC and utilized the coagulation of gelatine medium solution in which the microorganisms had grown to determine the microorganism indirectly. Three time points (TT₁, DT, TT₂) were obtained from the coagulation curve and were found to be in good linear relationship with the logarithm of the initial number of P. vulgaris in the range 1·3 × 10²−1·3 × 10⁵ cells/ml. The detection was rapid and accurate because the coagulation of the thin liquid culture medium film was quick and the time points in the response curve were sharp and so were easy to determine accurately. The detection time was less than 4 h and only a micro sample was needed. A 5 h preincubation was needed before detection. Some experimental conditions are discussed in detail.