Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is not invasive through Asia: It's been there all along

Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a highly polyphagous fruit fly which, in the last 15 years, has invaded (with or without establishment) Africa, Europe and North America. As a direct result of these invasions, there is increasing research interest in the invasion history and spread patterns of this fly. A statement being repeatedly used in the B. dorsalis invasion literature is that the species was first identified from Taiwan in 1912 and that it subsequently spread through South‐East and South Asia during the 20th century. This assumption is incorrect and stems from: (a) an incomplete knowledge of B. dorsalis taxonomic history; and (b) a confounding of first taxonomic record with first invasion record. Rather than being first detected in Taiwan in 1912, the first record of oriental fruit fly was from “East India” (India orientali) under the synonymous name of Musca ferruginea by Fabricius in 1794, and in the 1910s, it was known not only from Taiwan, but widely across tropical Asia with records from India, Burma, Bengal, Sri Lanka (as Ceylon), Singapore and Indonesia (multiple islands). The taxonomic literature is very clear that oriental fruit fly has not invaded the rest of Asia from Taiwan since 1912, and this error should not continue to be repeated in the literature.     

结构方程混合模型在SNP分析中的应用

采用结构方程混合模型(SEMM)对实际SNP数据进行分析,为遗传统计学提供一种新的有效的分析方法。本研究的数据是由GAW17提供的,包含697个个体的22条常染色体的上万个SNP和根据这些SNP所模拟的697个个体的性状特点。随机挑选了1号染色体上的4个SNP和3个定量性状作为研究变量,分别进行潜在类别分析和结构方程混合模型分析。根据4个SNP数据,人群被分为3个潜在类别,概率分别为0.53,0.34,0.13。潜在类别1、2和3中的因子均值Q分别为-4.029、-2.052和0,潜在类别1、2的因子均值均低于3(<0.001)。研究表明:结构方程混合模型(SEMM)综合了结构方程模型和潜在类别模型的思想,形成了自己的优势,可用于处理同时包含分类潜变量和连续潜变量的数据。     

暗色真菌威尼克何德霉浅部皮肤及附属器感染的特征分析

目的分析暗色真菌威尼克何德霉菌浅部皮肤及附属器感染的特征。方法收集2016年5月至2020年5月期间我科就诊的威尼克何德霉感染病例7例。总结威尼克何德霉菌的特点,分析皮肤及附属器感染病例的临床特征及诊断。结果其中4例为掌黑癣病例,临床表现均为手部单个扁平、暗棕色斑片,无明显鳞屑,界限清楚。另外3例与掌黑癣的临床表现不同,分别表现为手部湿疹样改变、指甲损害及足癣样变。结论威尼克何德霉除了可引起掌黑癣外,还可能引起手部湿疹样改变、甲真菌病及足癣样变等非掌黑癣表现,掌黑癣可通过临床表现及真菌学检查诊断。若以非掌黑癣为临床表现的威尼克何德霉感染,容易误诊漏诊,应引起临床重视。     

ADRB3 induces mobilization and inhibits differentiation of both breast cancer cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Metastatic tumors are mainly composed of neoplastic cells escaping from the primary tumor and inflammatory cells egressing from bone marrow. Cancer cell and inflammatory cell are remained in the state of immaturity during migration to distant organs. Here, we show that ADRB3 is crucial in cell mobilization and differentiation. Immunohistochemistry revealed ADRB3 expression is significantly more frequent in breast cancer tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues (92.1% vs. 31.5%). Expression of ADRB3 correlated with malignant degree, TNM stage and poor prognosis. Moreover, ADRB3 expression was markedly high in activated disseminated tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), lymphocytes and neutrophil extracellular traps of patients. Importantly, ADRB3 promoted the expansion of MDSC through stimulation of bone marrow mobilization and inhibiting of the differentiation of immature myeloid cells. Furthermore, ADRB3 promoted MCF-7 cells proliferation and inhibited transdifferentiation into adipocyte-like cell by activating mTOR pathway. Ultimately, the MDSC-deficient phenotype of ADRB3 ^-/- PyMT mice was associated with impairment of mammary tumorigenesis and reduction in pulmonary metastasis. Collectively, ADRB3 promotes metastasis by inducing mobilization and inhibiting differentiation of both breast cancer cells and MDSCs.Subject terms: Breast cancer, Breast cancer