改良皮片4℃低温保存方法在创面二次植皮治疗中的应用研究

目的:探讨改良皮片4℃低温保存方法在创面二次植皮治疗中的应用效果。方法:①动物实验:健康成年豚鼠3只,处死后,取背部皮肤做成32个1 cm×1 cm小皮样,随机分为新鲜皮组、庆大盐水保存组、RPMI保存组,改良RPMI保存组进行4℃保存;1周后测定皮肤活力;②临床实验:观察自2018年10月至2018年12月,二期植皮患者33例,应用改良RPMI 4℃低温保存皮肤二期回植的患者16例,与重新取皮植皮患者17例比较其皮片成活率。结果:动物实验证实:改良RPMI保存组4℃保存组在皮肤储存1周时皮肤平均活力较庆大盐水保存组、RPMI保存组高(P0.05);临床实验证实:改良RPMI保存组与重新植皮的皮片平均成活率没有显著性差别(P0.05)。结论:改良4℃断层皮片低温保存方法可短期内保存皮肤较高的活力,是皮片再利用的一种有效方法。     

参松养心胶囊对心房颤动患者P波离散度及血清炎性因子水平的影响*

目的:探讨参松养心胶囊对心房颤动(AF)患者P波离散度(Pd)及血清炎性因子水平的影响,为临床用药提供依据。方法:将西安交通大学第一附属医院2016年3月-2018年1月收治的AF患者纳入本研究,共148例。所有患者根据不同的治疗方式分为对照组和观察组。对照组(n=74)接受常规治疗,观察组(n=74)在对照组基础上加用参松养心胶囊,两组均治疗8周。比较两组患者治疗后的临床疗效,观察并比较两组患者治疗前及治疗后的Pd、最大P波时限(Pmax)变化情况,检测两组患者治疗前及治疗后的血清炎性因子水平,记录不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率为89.19%(66/74),高于对照组的70.27%(52/74)(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的Pmax、Pd均明显降低,且观察组患者治疗后的Pmax、Pd均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的血清炎性因子水平均明显降低,且与对照组相比,观察组患者治疗后的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平均降低(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生情况比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:参松养心胶囊治疗AF患者安全有效,能明显减轻炎性反应,改善患者心功能。     

靶控输注依托咪脂在老年患者颌面外科手术中的应用效果

目的:研究靶控输注依托咪脂在老年患者颌面外科手术中的应用效果。方法:选择60例美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级I～II级行颌面外科手术的患者,并将其随机分为靶控输注丙泊酚组(P组,n=30)和靶控输注依托咪酯组(E组,n=30),记录麻醉诱导前、气管插管前、气管插管后5 min、手术开始时、停药时的有创收缩压、有创舒张压、心率,并记录手术时间、拔管时间、麻醉维持时依托咪酯和丙泊酚的靶控输注浓度。结果:P组气管插管前、气管插管后5 min、手术开始时、停药时血压均低于麻醉诱导前,且低于E组各对应时间点,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),P组气管插管前心率显著低于麻醉诱导前和E组(P0.05);E组气管插管前、气管插管后5 min和手术开始时血压均低于麻醉诱导前(P0.05),但各时间点心率无显著变化(P0.05)。P组靶控浓度为(1.95±0.54)μg/m L～(4.48±0.61)μg/mL,E组靶控浓度为(0.20±0.05)μg/mL～(0.51±0.05)μg/mL。两组药物拔管时间、术后恶心呕吐和躁动发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但P组低血压发生率显著高于E组(P0.05)。结论:在颌面外科手术中,靶控输注依托咪脂,能有效减少麻醉诱导和维持中低血压发生,维持血流动力学稳定,对于老年患者而言,是一种比丙泊酚更为安全可靠的静脉麻醉药。     

Knockdown of Golgi phosphoprotein 73 blocks the trafficking of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and inhibits cell invasion

Golgi phosphoprotein 73 (GP73) has been regarded as a novel serum biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years. It has been reported that the upregulation of GP73 may promote the carcinogenesis and metastasis of HCC; however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, GP73 correlates positively with matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) in HCC‐related cells and tissues. Further studies indicate that the knockdown of GP73 blocks MMP‐2 trafficking and secretion, resulting in cell invasion inhibition. Additionally, the knockdown of GP73 induces the accumulation of intracellular MMP‐2, which inhibits the phosphorylation of Src at Y416 and triggers the inhibition of SAPK/JNK and p53‐p21 signalling pathways through a negative feedback loop. Finally, the transactivation of MMP2 was inhibited by the reduction in E2F1. This study reveals that GP73 plays functional roles in the trafficking and equilibrium of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related secretory proteins and that GP73 serves as a new potential target for combating the metastasis of HCC.     

Biphenyl Derivatives from the Aerial Parts of Oenanthe javanica and Their COX‐2 Inhibitory Activities

Four new biphenyl derivatives ( 1 – 4 ), along with six known biphenyl derivatives ( 5 – 10 ) were isolated and elucidated by their detailed analyses of spectroscopic data and references from the aerial parts of Oenanthe javanica for the first time. Compounds ( 1 – 10 ) were assayed for their activities about the inhibition of COX‐2 enzyme in vitro for the first time. Compounds 1 , 2 , 4 , and 6 showed inhibitory activities against COX‐2 with IC₅₀ values ranging from 22.18±0.29 to 108.54±0.42 μm .     

High Thermoelectric Performance in p‐type Polycrystalline Cd‐doped SnSe Achieved by a Combination of Cation Vacancies and Localized Lattice Engineering

Herein, a high figure of merit (ZT) of ≈1.7 at 823 K is reported in p‐type polycrystalline Cd‐doped SnSe by combining cation vacancies and localized‐lattice engineering. It is observed that the introduction of Cd atoms in SnSe lattice induce Sn vacancies, which act as p‐type dopants. A combination of facile solvothermal synthesis and fast spark plasma sintering technique boosts the Sn vacancy to a high level of ≈2.9%, which results in an optimum hole concentration of ≈2.6 × 10¹⁹ cm^?3 and an improved power factor of ≈6.9 µW cm^?1 K^?2. Simultaneously, a low thermal conductivity of ≈0.33 W m^?1 K^?1 is achieved by effective phonon scattering at localized crystal imperfections, as observed by detailed structural characterizations. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the role of Cd atoms in the SnSe lattice is to reduce the formation energy of Sn vacancies, which in turn lower the Fermi level down into the valence bands, generating holes. This work explores the fundamental Cd‐doping mechanisms at the nanoscale in a SnSe matrix and demonstrates vacancy and localized‐lattice engineering as an effective approach to boosting thermoelectric performance. The work provides an avenue in achieving high‐performance thermoelectric properties of materials.     

Interfacial Solar‐to‐Heat Conversion for Desalination

Solar desalination is a promising and sustainable solution for water shortages in the future. Interfacial solar‐to‐heat conversion for desalination has attracted increasing attention in the past decades, due to the heat localization induced high thermal efficiency, simple structure, and low cost. In this review, the authors summarize and analyze the critical processes involved in such a solar desalination system, including the thermal conversion and transport, salt dissipation, and vapor manipulation. Mathematical models of heat transfer and salt dissipation are also built for quantitative analysis of systematic performance relative to properties of employed materials and system designs. Recent efforts devoted to improving the overall thermal efficiency, salt rejection, and water yield are then summarized. Based on the analysis and previous results, opportunities for further interfacial solar desalination development are highlighted.     

重症监护病房长期机械通气患者撤机困难的原因及死亡影响因素分析

目的:探讨重症监护病房(ICU)长期机械通气患者撤机困难的原因及撤机死亡的影响因素。方法:对2015年6月至2018年10月我院收治的80例长期机械通气患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按照患者撤机结果分为撤机成功组52例和撤机困难组28例,根据患者存活情况分为存活组59例和死亡组21例。比较各组临床资料,分析撤机困难的原因及撤机死亡的影响因素。结果:撤机困难组年龄、心功能不全比例、多器官功能障碍(MODS)比例、呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)比例、肝功能不全比例、肾功能不全比例、血尿素氮显著高于撤机成功组,机械通气时间、气管切开时间显著长于撤机成功组,血清白蛋白显著低于撤机成功组(P0.05)。死亡组年龄、合并糖尿病比例、心功能不全比例、MODS比例、VAP比例、肝功能不全比例、肾功能不全比例、血尿素氮显著高于存活组,机械通气时间、气管切开时间显著长于存活组,血清白蛋白显著低于存活组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄、合并糖尿病、MODS、VAP、机械通气时间、气管切开时间、血清白蛋白是ICU长期机械通气患者撤机死亡的影响因素(P0.05)。结论:患者治疗期间发生脏器功能不全或器官功能衰竭、机械通气时间较长、气管切开时间较长、营养状态较差是长期机械通气患者撤机困难的主要原因,年龄、合并糖尿病、MODS、VAP、机械通气时间、气管切开时间、血清白蛋白是ICU长期机械通气患者撤机死亡的影响因素。