Circ_0075829 facilitates the progression of pancreatic carcinoma by sponging miR‐1287‐5p and activating LAMTOR3 signalling

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality globally. Though increasing evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are linked to the development and progression of cancers, the biological functions of circRNAs in PC remain largely unexplored so far. Based on previous studies, Hsc_circ_0075829 (circ_0075829) was screened out and then further identified in PC clinical specimens and cell lines by real‐time PCR. After the stability tests, a series of in vitro and in vivo functional experiments were performed to investigate the role of circ_0075829 in PC development. Furthermore, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), bioinformatics tools, dual‐luciferase assays and rescue experiments were conducted to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of circ_0075829 in SW1990 and BxPC‐3 cells. Compared with paracancerous tissues, the expression of circ_0075829 was increased in PC tissues, which was positively correlated with the clinical features of PC. Knockdown of circ_0075829 significantly suppressed the proliferative, migratory and invasive rates of SW1990 and BxPC‐3 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that circ_0075829 could bind to miR‐1287‐5p. Mechanism research and rescue experiments demonstrated that circ_0075829 could regulate the LAMTOR3/p‐ERK signalling pathway via sponging miR‐1287‐5p in PC cell lines. Our data reveal that the circ_0075829 could facilitate the proliferation and metastasis of PC through circ_0075829/miR‐1287‐5p/LAMTOR3 axis.     

Metabolic phenotyping to monitor chronic enteritis canceration

Introduction

Untargeted metabolomics intends to objectively analyze a wide variety of compounds. Their diverse physicochemical properties make it difficult to choose an appropriate reconstitution solvent after sample evaporation without influencing the chromatography or hamper column sorbent integrity.

Objectives

The study aimed to identify the most appropriate reconstitution solvent for blood plasma samples in terms of feature recovery, four endogenous compounds, and one selected internal standard.

Methods

We investigated several reconstitution solvent mixtures containing acetonitrile and methanol to resolve human plasma extract and evaluated them concerning the peak areas of tryptophan-d₅, glucose, creatinine, palmitic acid, and the phophatidylcholine PC(P-16:0/P-16:0), as well as the total feature count

Results

Results indicated that acetonitrile containing 30% methanol was best suited to match all tested criteria at least for human blood plasma samples.

Conclusion

Despite identifying the mixture of acetonitrile and methanol being suitable as solvent for human blood plasma extracts, we recommend to systematically test for an appropriate reconstitution solvent for each analyzed biomatrix.

     

Emperipolesis mediated by CD8+ T cells correlates with biliary epithelia cell injury in primary biliary cholangitis

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic destruction of the bile ducts. A major unanswered question regarding the pathogenesis of PBC is the precise mechanisms of small bile duct injury. Emperipolesis is one of cell‐in‐cell structures that is a potential histological hallmark associated with chronic hepatitis B. This study aimed to clarify the pathogenesis and characteristics of emperipolesis in PBC liver injury. Sixty‐six PBC patients, diagnosed by liver biopsy combined with laboratory test, were divided into early‐stage PBC (stages I and II, n = 39) and late‐stage PBC (stages III and IV, n = 27). Emperipolesis was measured in liver sections stained with haematoxylin‐eosin. The expressions of CK19, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, Ki67 and apoptosis of BECs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence double labelling. Emperipolesis was observed in 62.1% of patients with PBC, and BECs were predominantly host cells. The number of infiltrating CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells correlated with the advancement of emperipolesis (R² = 0.318, P < .001; R² = 0.060, P < .05). The cell numbers of TUNEL‐positive BECs and double staining for CK19 and Ki67 showed a significant positive correlation with emperipolesis degree (R² = 0.236, P < .001; R² = 0.267, P < .001). We conclude that emperipolesis mediated by CD8⁺ T cells appears to be relevant to apoptosis of BEC and thus may aggravate the further injury of interlobular bile ducts.     

MALT1 is a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma and plays a crucial role in EGFR‐induced NF‐κB activation

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant tumour in the adult brain and hard to treat. Nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signalling has a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of GBM. EGFR signalling is an important driver of NF‐κB activation in GBM; however, the correlation between EGFR and the NF‐κB pathway remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of mucosa‐associated lymphoma antigen 1 (MALT1) in glioma progression and evaluated the anti‐tumour activity and effectiveness of MI‐2, a MALT1 inhibitor in a pre‐clinical GBM model. We identified a paracaspase MALT1 that is involved in EGFR‐induced NF‐kB activation in GBM. MALT1 deficiency or inhibition significantly affected the proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MALT1 inhibition caused G1 cell cycle arrest by regulating multiple cell cycle–associated proteins. Mechanistically, MALTI inhibition blocks the degradation of IκBα and prevents the nuclear accumulation of the NF‐κB p65 subunit in GBM cells. This study found that MALT1, a key signal transduction cascade, can mediate EGFR‐induced NF‐kB activation in GBM and may be potentially used as a novel therapeutic target for GBM.     

In Vitro Effects of Ginseng and the Seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa on Gut Microbiota of Rats with Spleen Deficiency

Ginseng and the seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa, which are traditional Chinese medicinal materials, were often used in ancient Chinese recipes as a pair of medicines. They can replenish the primordial qi and tonify the spleen. This study investigated the effects of ginseng and the seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa (GS) extract on gut microbiota diversity in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS). A total of 52 compounds (including 16 flavonoids, 35 saponins, and 1 alkaloid) were identified and analyzed from the GS extract by UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS/MS. The GS extract significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in rats with SDS but decreased that of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, the GS extract significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in rats with SDS but decreased that of Streptococcus, Escherichia‐Shigella, Veillonella, and Enterococcus. In addition, the GS extract influenced glucose and amino acid metabolism. In summary, the results showed that the GS extract changed the structure and diversity of gut microbiota in rats with SDS and balanced the metabolic process.     

A Review on Additives for Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Additives are widely adopted for efficient, stable, and hysteresis‐free perovskite solar cells and play an important role in various breakthroughs of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein the various additives adopted for PSCs are reviewed and their functioning mechanism and influence on device performance is described. The main roles of additives, modulating morphology of perovskite films, stabilizing phase of formamidinium (FA) and cesium (Cs)‐based perovskites, adjusting energy level alignment in PSCs, suppressing nonradiative recombination in perovskites, eliminating hysteresis, enhancing operational stability of PSCs, are summarized.     

白蛋白静脉滴注联合茵栀黄颗粒治疗新生儿黄疸血清 AKP、TBA、 FFA、γ-GT、HS-CRP的影响

目的:研究白蛋白静脉滴注联合茵栀黄颗粒对新生儿黄疸血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)、总胆汁酸(totalbileacids,TBA)、游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-glutamyltransferase,γ-GT)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein, HS-CRP)的影响。方法:选择2016年1月～2019年1月我院收治的95例新生儿病理性黄疸患儿,随机分为两组。对照组服用茵栀黄颗粒治疗,观察组在服用茵栀黄的基础上静脉滴注白蛋白治疗。检测两组的血清间接胆红素(indirectreacting bilirubin,,IBIL)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)和AKP、TBA、FFA、y-GT、HS-CRP水平。结果:观察组的有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后的血清IBIL、TBIL水平明显降低(P0.05),观察组的IBIL、TBIL水平明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后的血清AKP、TBA、FFA、γ-GT、HS-CRP水平明显降低(P0.05),观察组的血清AKP、TBA、FFA、γ-GT、HS-CRP水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:白蛋白静脉滴注联合茵栀黄颗粒对新生儿黄疸的治疗效果良好,有助于促进血清胆红素和其他血清学相关指标恢复正常,且安全性好。     

门冬胰岛素联合甘精胰岛素对新诊断2型糖尿病患者炎性因子、血糖及血脂水平的影响

目的:探讨门冬胰岛素联合甘精胰岛素对新诊断2型糖尿病患者血清炎性因子、血糖及血脂水平的影响。方法:选取我院2017年3月～2019年3月收治的100例新诊断2型糖尿病患者,将其随机分为研究组和对照组,每组50例患者。对照组患者给予门冬胰岛素治疗,研究组患者给予门冬胰岛素联合甘精胰岛素治疗,对比两组患者治疗前后血清炎性因子、血糖及血脂水平的变化。结果:治疗后,两组患者糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2h postprandial blod glucose,2hPBG)、血清肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)、高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),且研究组患者以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者治疗后总胆固醇(Total Cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平均较治疗前明显降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)明显升高(P0.05),且研究组以上指标的改善程度均优于对照组(P0.05)。研究组患者的胰岛素用量明显少于对照组(P0.05),患者血糖首次达标时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。结论:门冬胰岛素联合甘精胰岛素适用于新诊断2型糖尿病患者,可有效降低血糖、血脂、血清TNF-α和hs-CRP水平。     

山羊不同组织器官的内参基因筛选

本研究通过比较9个内参基因在山羊不同组织中的表达水平进而确定最适合研究山羊组织表达的内参基因。本试验以简州大耳羊为试验材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析9个内参基因(GAPDH,PPIA,18S rRNA,PPIB,UXT,RPLP0,ACTB,EIF3K和TBP)在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、大肠、瘤胃、背最长肌和皮下脂肪等组织中的表达差异情况,并利用geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper等程序分析了它们的表达稳定性。geNorm和NormFinder程序一致显示TBP表达最稳定,其次是UXT和RPLP0;BestKeeper分析显示18S rRNA表达最为稳定,其次为TBP和ACTB;3个程序一致认为GAPDH表达稳定性最差。综合3个程序分析得出TBP最适合作为山羊组织中的内参基因,其次为UXT和RPLP0,GAPDH表达稳定性最差,不适合作为山羊组织内参,这为后续研究其他目的基因在山羊组织器官中的表达模式提供数据保障。