内蒙古高原针茅摹群落β多样性研究

用比较样地法调查了内蒙古高原４类地带性针茅（Ｓｔｉｐａ）草原群落的β多样性特征。结果表明,Ｗｈｉｔｔａｃｋｅｒ指数βＷＳ与尺度有关,随取样面积的增加,βＷＳ逐渐降低,取样面积相同时,４类群落的βＷＳ比较接近,各群落 的Ｃｏｄｙ指数最初也随样方面积的扩大而增大,当样方面积扩大到一定尺度时,贝加尔针茅群落和大针茅群落为〉０．５ｍ＾２,克氏针茅群落和小针茅群落为〉２ｍ＾２,Ｃｏｄｙ指数趋于稳定。同一尺度     

Thermal property measurements on biological materials at subzero temperatures.

The self-heated thermistor technique was used to measure the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of biomaterials at low temperatures. Thermal standards were selected to calibrate the system at temperatures from -10 degrees C to -70 degrees C. The thermal probes were constructed with a convection barrier which eliminates convection inside liquid samples of low viscosity, without affecting the conductivity and diffusivity results. Using this technique, the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of two organ perfusates (HP5 and HP5 + 2M glycerol), one kidney phantom (a low ionic strength gel), as well as rabbit kidney cortex have been measured from -10 degrees C to -70 degrees C.     

New photoluminescence coordination polymers constructed from different ligands, which are generated from maleic acid at hydrothermal conditions

A new coordination polymer, [Zn₂(mal)(1,10-phen)Cl]_n (1), (mal = malate, 1,10-phenanthroline), has been synthesized with malic acid and fumaric acid which are generated from maleic acid under hydrothermal reactions. At about the same condition, we get [Cd(fma)(2,2′-bpy)(H₂O)]_n (2) (fma = fumarate, 2,2′-bpy=2, 2′-bipyridine). The diverse products illustrate that the carbon-carbon doublebond of the maleic acid has two kinds of reaction trends under different conditions. Complex 1, which displays a two-dimensional (4, 8) lattice-type network, is formed from Zn and maleic through the addition reaction with water molecule. If the Zn is changed by Cd, at the same reaction condition with 1, a two-dimensional supramolecular network complex 2 is formed through the conformation transform reaction. To our knowledge, a lot of coordination polymers have been constructed from malic acid and fumaric acid directly; however, these kinds of complexes have seldom been synthesized from maleic acid under hydrothermal reaction. As is known, the rigid carbon-carbon double bond makes maleic acid lead to some unique structural features which the saturated aliphatic acid does not possess. To illustrate this clearly, a simple one dimensional complex 3, [Cd(glut)(1,10-phen)(H₂O)]_n (glut = glutarate), is synthesized. Furthermore, complex 1 and complex 3 exhibit intense photoluminescent property at room temperature.     

单药替莫唑胺与尼莫司丁联合顺铂对脑恶性胶质瘤的疗效对比观察

目的:探讨恶性脑胶质瘤手术后应用单药替莫唑胺(TMZ)方案化疗与尼莫司汀联合顺铂(ACNU+DDP)化疗的效果.方法:选取经病理证实为恶性脑胶质瘤患者60例,手术治疗后随机分为TMZ和ACNU+DDP两组,按标准方案分别给予4～6个疗程的化疗.每个化疗期间分别复查头颅MRI及肝肾功、血细胞分析,并与化疗前资料相比较,判断病情变化.结果:TMZ组有效率达为44.0%,ACNU+DDP组为14.28%,两组相差显著(P<0.05).TMZ组严重副反应发生率为16.0%,ACNU+DDP组为31.43%,两组相差显著(P<0.05).结论:TMZ比ACNU+DDP不仅能更好的改善恶性胶质瘤患者的预后,提高其生活质量,而且具有较高的安全性.     

Na^＋ and Water Uptake in Relation to the Radial Reflection Coefficient of Root in Arrowleaf Saltbush Under Salt Stress

The response of halophyte arrowleaf saltbush (Atriplex triangularis Willd) plants to a gradient of salt stress were investigated with hydroponically cultured seedlings. Under salt stress, both the Na+ uptake into root xylem and negative pressures in xylem vessels increased with the elevation of salinity (up to 500 mol/m3) in the root environment. However, the increment in negative pressures in root xylem far from matches the decrease in the osmotic potential of the root bathing solutions, even when the osmotic potential of xylem sap is taken into consideration. The total water potential of xylem sap in arrowleaf saltbush roots was close to the osmotic potential of root bathing solutions when the salt stress was low, but a progressively increased gap between the water potential of xylem sap and the osmotic potential of root bathing solutions was observed when the salinity in the root environment was enhanced. The maximum gap was 1.4 MPa at a salinity level of 500 mol/m3 without apparent dehydration of the tested plants. This discrepancy could not be explained with the current theories in plant physiology. The radial reflection coefficient of root in arrowleaf saltbush decreased with the enhanced salt stress was and accompanied by an increase in the Na+ uptake into xylem sap. However, the relative Na+ in xylem exudates based on the corresponding NaCl concentration in the root bathing solutions showed a tendency of decrease. The results showed that the reduction in the radial reflection coefficient of roots in the arrowleaf saltbush did not lead to a mass influx of NaCl into xylem when the radial reflection coefficient of the root was considerably small; and that arrowleaf saltbush could use small xylem pressures to counterbalance the salt stresses, either with the uptake of large amounts of salt, or with the development of xylem pressures dangerously negative. This strategy could be one of the mechanisms behind the high resistance of arrowleaf saltbush plants to salt stress.     

Molecular markers for wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr41

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is an important foliar disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Pyramiding several major rust-resistance genes into one adapted cultivar is one strategy for obtaining more durable resistance. Molecular markers linked to these genes are essential tools for gene pyramiding. The rust-resistance gene Lr41 from T. tauschii has been introgressed into chromosome 2D of several wheat cultivars that are currently under commercial production. To discover molecular markers closely linked to Lr41, a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of the hard winter wheat cultivar Century were developed through backcrossing. A population of 95 BC₃F_2:6 NILs were evaluated for leaf rust resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages and analyzed with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using bulked segregant analysis. Four markers closely linked to Lr41 were identified on chromosome 2DS; the closest marker, Xbarc124, was about 1 cM from Lr41. Physical mapping using Chinese Spring nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic genetic stocks confirmed that markers linked to Lr41 were on chromosome arm 2DS. Marker analysis in a diverse set of wheat germplasm indicated that primers BARC124, GWM210, and GDM35 amplified polymorphic bands between most resistant and susceptible accessions and can be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.     

Bioaccumulation and Biovolatilisation of Pentavalent Arsenic by Penicillin janthinellum, Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma asperellum Under Laboratory Conditions

Some fungi are able to control and remediate arsenic (As)-contaminated soil, sediment, or water. Here, we investigate potential accumulation and volatilisation of As by three fungi strains. Results indicated that the highest level of As was accumulated by Penicillin janthinellum with 39.54 μg after 10 days in the culture system amended with 2,500 μg As(V), which represents 50 mg/l As. Fusarium oxysporum showed the highest amount of volatilised As with 304.06 μg after 15 days. The As content in the treated system (filter paper + As + fungi) was significantly higher than that in the control (filter paper + As; filter paper + fungi; filter paper). Trichoderma asperellum and F. oxysporum showed superior abilities for the absorption of extracellular As and accumulation of intracellular As, which accounted for 82.2 and 63.4% of the total accumulated As, respectively. However, P. janthinellum presented an equal distribution of intracellular and extracellular As. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis suggested that little impact on mycelium growth of the three fungal strains was seen after exposure to 50 mg/l As(V) for 5 days, while the growth of fungi in the control was inhibited. The present results demonstrate that P. janthinellum, F. oxysporum, and T. asperellum would be expected to tackle As-contaminated environments.     

Co-administration of Monosialoganglioside and Skeletal Muscle Cells on Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuronal Phenotypes In Vitro

The neuropeptide-immunoreactive (IR) and neurofilament-IR neurons are two major phenotypical classes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Targets of neuronal innervation play a vital role in regulating the survival and differentiation of innervating neurotrophin-responsive neurons. Monosialoganglioside (GM1) has been considered to have a neurotrophic factor-like activity. Both GM1 and target skeletal muscle (SKM) cells are essential for the maintenance of the function of neurons. However, whether target SKM cells and GM1, alone or associated, generate neuropeptide or neurofilament expression remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of GM1 or/and SKM on DRG neuronal phenotypes. DRG neurons containing the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and neurofilament 200 (NF-200) were quantified using immunofluorescent labeling in cultures of DRG, which was dissected out at times before (at embryonic days 12.5, E12.5) and after (at E19.5) sensory neurons contact peripheral targets in vivo. DRG neurons were cultured in absence or presence of GM1 or/and SKM cells. In this experiment, we found that: (1) GM1 promoted expression of SP and NF-200 in E12.5 DRG cultures; (2) SKM cells promoted expression of NF-200 but not SP in E12.5 DRG cultures; (3) GM1 and target SKM cells had additive effects on expression of SP and NF-200 in E12.5 DRG cultures; and (4) SKM or/and GM1 did not have effects on expression of SP and NF-200 in E19.5 DRG cultures. These results suggested that GM1 could influence DRG, two major neuronal phenotypes, before sensory neurons contact peripheral targets in vivo. Target SKM cells could only influence neurofilament-expressed neuronal phenotype before sensory neurons contact peripheral targets in vivo. GM1 and SKM cells had the additive effects on two major DRG neuronal classes, which express neuropeptide or neurofilament when DRG cells were harvested before sensory neurons contact peripheral targets in vivo. These results offered new clues for a better understanding of the association of GM1 or/and SKM with neuronal phenotypes.     

Consolidated ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers at elevated temperature by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis> engineered with inulinase expression through cell surface display

Ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tubers was performed at elevated temperatures by the consolidated bioprocessing strategy using Saccharomyces cerevisiae MK01 expressing inulinase through cell surface display. No significant difference was observed in yeast growth when temperature was controlled at 38 and 40 °C, respectively, but inulinase activity with yeast cells was substantially enhanced at 40 °C. As a result, enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin was facilitated and ethanol production was improved with 89.3 g/L ethanol produced within 72 h from 198.2 g/L total inulin sugars consumed. Similar results were also observed in ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers with 85.2 g/L ethanol produced within 72 h from 185.7 g/L total sugars consumed. On the other hand, capital investment on cooling facilities and energy consumption for running the facilities would be saved, since regular cooling water instead of chill water could be used to cool down the fermentation system.