环状RNA在胃癌中的研究现状与策略

环状RNA (circRNA)是一种共价闭合的非编码RNA,可以调节真核生物中的基因表达.最近应用高通量RNA测序和生物信息学方法揭示人类细胞中存在大量circRNA.许多circRNA具有一定的组织和时序特异性,且与生理发育和各种肿瘤等疾病密切相关. circRNA被证明在细胞质中富集和稳定,表明其具有作为肿瘤生物标志物的潜力.胃癌(gastric carcinoma,GC)是一种常见的恶性肿瘤,在全球癌症相关死亡原因中排第3位.尽管该疾病在诊断和治疗方面取得了许多进展,但GC患者的预后仍然很差,大多数国家的5年总生存率低于30%.因此,寻找能调节GC发生发展和评估预后的新分子机制和治疗靶标至关重要.近年来circRNA在胃癌中的研究不断增多,其在胃癌的发生发展、诊断、治疗及预后过程中扮演重要角色.本文就circRNA产生机制及一般特征、生物学功能、在胃癌中的研究进展及研究中存在的问题作一综述.     

The use of spun columns in the purification of double-stranded cDNA appropriate for tailing

A reliable estimation of the efficiency of adding homopolymeric tails to double-stranded cDNA molecules by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is extremely important in the construction of cDNA libraries. Appreciable differences in transformation efficiency result when the homopolymer tails to be annealed are of inadequate length. We report here that the use of a Sephadex G-50 spun column to remove oligo(dT)12-18 frequently coprecipitating in ethanol with the cDNA results in a more dependable estimation of tail lengths.     

The two binding sites for DCMU in Photosystem II

Measurements on the fluorescence induction of Triton X-100 extracted Photosystem II (PSII) particles confirmed the existence of the two sites of inhibition in PSII for the herbicide DCMU. The two sites were located on the reducing and oxidizing sides of PSII, respectively. The inhibition on the oxidizing side, unlike that on the reducing side which was of the "none or all" type, was found only to slow down the electron donation at low concentrations of DCMU. The results also suggested that the inhibitions of DCMU at these two sites were mutually exclusive, i.e., the binding on one site prevented the binding on the other site.     

Preparation and characterization of radioactive castanospermine

A procedure for the preparation of tritiated castanospermine is described. The tritiated alkaloid was shown to be chromatographically identical to the native material and exhibited the same inhibitory properties. Radiolabeled castanospermine tightly bound to purified intestinal sucrase. Following gel chromatography, each mole of enzyme was shown to have bound 1 mol of the radioactive alkaloid. Cultured MDCK cells were also shown to take up the labeled castanospermine. This compound should be a useful tool in the investigation of enzymes that are responsible for the processing of glycoprotein oligosaccharides.     

不同光照强度下植物电信号变化特征及其与空气负离子的关系

空气负离子(NAI)是衡量一个地区空气清洁度的重要指标,对人体的心理健康和生理机能具有重要的调节作用.植被光合过程中光电效应是NAI产生的重要来源和影响因素,但光电效应极其微弱而难以直接监测,而植物电信号是间接反映光电效应的重要指标,以往研究多侧重在不同森林群落中NAI的时空变化特征及其与气象因素的关系,目前关于NAI...     

荷叶铁线蕨自然居群的遗传多样性研究

荷叶铁线蕨(Adiantumreniformevar. sinense)为我国特有植物,具有重要的经济价值,目前仅分布于重庆的少数地区。近几十年来,由于过度开发,该种的分布范围日益缩小,已处于灭绝的边缘。本研究利用等位酶标记检测了荷叶铁线蕨 6个自然居群共 136个个体的遗传多样性,共检测到了 5个酶系统的 14个位点,获得了 7个多态位点。结果表明:与其他蕨类植物相比,荷叶铁线蕨居群内的遗传多样性水平比较低。平均每位点的有效等位基因数(Ae)为 1. 778,多态位点百分率(P)为 0. 441,期望杂合度(He)为 0. 199,观察杂合度 (Ho)为 0. 235。其居群间的遗传分化也很低,居群间的遗传变异仅占总变异的 1. 49%,而 98. 51%的变异存在于居群内部。采用Hardy Wein berg平衡和固定指数F对荷叶铁线蕨的居群遗传结构进行了分析,结果表明其种群可能是以配子体间异交为主的混合交配体系。导致荷叶铁线蕨濒危的主要原因是生境的破坏以及过度开采所导致的生境片断化使其居群变小、近交率加大、遗传变异趋低,降低了其生存以及进化的潜力。     

基于代谢通量分析的琥珀酸放线杆菌高产选育研究

在对产琥珀酸放线杆菌代谢分析的基础上选育出高产突变株对琥珀酸的工业生物转化有重要意义.在矩阵分析代谢通量基础上,围绕柔性节点下的副产物乙酸及乙醇的降低分别实施软X诱变及定点突变选育,并对比分析了突变株与出发株相关酶活及基因序列变化.针对出发株的流量分析显示产物琥珀酸的代谢通量为1.78(mmol/g/h),主要副产物乙酸与乙醇的代谢通量分别为(0.60mmol/g/h)和(1.04 mmol/g/h),并发现乙醇代谢加剧了琥珀酸合成中的H电子供体的不足;筛选出的氟乙酸抗性突变株S.JST1的乙酸代谢通量降低了96%,为0.024(mmol/g/h),酶活检测表明磷酸乙酰转移酶(Pta)的酶比活力从602降低到74,进一步的序列对比分析发现pta突变基因中产生了一个突变位点:adh定点复合突变株S.JST2的乙醇代谢通量降低了98%,为0.020(mmol/g/h),酶活检测表明Adh的酶比活力从585降低到62.最终突变株S.JST2琥珀酸累积产量达65.7 g/L.围绕产琥珀酸放线杆菌Pta及Adh酶活的降低实施定向选育,在降低副产物流量的同时,有助于改善细胞H供体代谢平衡进而提高琥珀酸的流量.所获突变株具有工业应用潜力.     

病毒感染对角质形成细胞CCL20表达的影响及其机制

目的:既往研究发现,趋化因子CCL20在银屑病、白癜风等在内的多种自身免疫性皮肤疾病的病理过程中扮演了重要的角色,同时病毒感染也被认为是自身免疫性疾病的重要参与者。皮肤组织是机体抵御外界病原体的第一道屏障,其中角质形成细胞被认为在启动免疫中发挥了关键的作用。视黄酸诱导基因蛋白I(RIG-I)是固有免疫模式识别受体家族的重要成员,其能够被病毒复制的中间产物激活。然而,病毒感染是否会通过RIG-I信号通路影响角质形成细胞中CCL20的表达,进而参与自身免疫性皮肤疾病的病理过程仍不清楚。本文使用聚肌胞苷酸(Poly(I:C))来体外模拟病毒感染,探究病毒感染对皮肤角质形成细胞CCL20表达的影响,并且通过小干扰RNA沉默关键分子来探究相应的分子机制。方法:首先,体外细胞实验使用Poly(I:C)刺激角质形成细胞系HaCaT,通过Western-blot实验和qRT-PCR实验探究Poly(I:C)对HaCat中RIG-I表达的影响;接下来,通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)以及酶联免疫吸附测定实验(ELISA)检测Poly(I:C)对角质形成细胞CCL20分泌的影响;线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白(MAVS)在RIG-I的下游发挥着重要作用,我们通过小干扰RNA(si-RNA)阻断RIG-I-MAVS-NF-κB信号通路关键分子,探究Poly(I:C)诱导角质形成细胞CCL20表达升高的分子机制。结果:Poly(I:C)能够明显促进角质形成细胞中RIG-I的表达及CCL20的表达和分泌;Poly(I:C)诱导角质形成细胞CCL20分泌是由RIG-I-MAVS-NF-κB信号通路介导的。结论:Poly(I:C)模拟病毒感染能够通过RIG-I-MAVS-NF-κB信号通路介导CCL20表达增加,进而参与自身免疫性皮肤疾病的病理过程。     

Efficient expression and purification of recombinant alcohol oxidase in Pichia pastoris

In order to improve the production of alcohol oxidase (AOX), a recombinant Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) system was constructed by transformation of the plasmid pPIC9K-AOX into P. pastoris GS115. The effects of different expression conditions on alcohol oxidase activity in the culture supernatant were investigated in the shake flask scale. The results showed that the highest extracellular activity (562 U/L) of alcohol oxidase was obtained after 56 h induction with 4% methanol at OD₆₀₀ 1.0 in the medium containing 50 g/L maltose, which is about 4.2 folds higher than previously reported. High-purity functional recombinant AOX (>90%) was purified from the culture with the Ni-NTA affinity column and Sephadex G-100 chromatographical methods, with a total recovery rate of 68.9%. Further studies showed that the purified rAOX had similar enzymatic characteristics as the native enzyme, except that the thermal stability and resistance to H₂O₂ inhibition of rAOX were significantly greater compared to the previous report. The purified rAOX was well tolerant to various water-miscible organic solvents. This efficient expression and purification process will be promising for large-scale production of rAOX as an important diagnostic enzyme for alcohol detection in many areas.     

转铁蛋白受体在土拉弗朗西斯菌LVS入侵巨噬细胞期间的作用

评估转铁蛋白受体-1在土拉弗朗西斯菌LVS感染鼠巨噬细胞期间的作用.用表达GFP的土拉弗朗西斯菌LVS感染鼠巨噬细胞J774A.1.结合单抗的转铁蛋白受体-1分别用键合了Alexa594的羊抗鼠二抗显色,用小干扰RNA下调转铁蛋白受体-1的表达,进而用土拉弗朗西斯菌LVS分别感染转铁蛋白受体-1表达下调的细胞和转染无关siRNA的细胞,并进行细菌计数.分布在细胞膜上的转铁蛋白受体-1参与巨噬细胞对弗朗西斯菌的摄入.免疫印迹结果表明小于扰RNA对转铁蛋白受体-1的表达下调了大约75%.细菌入侵试验显示,在感染1 h时,转铁蛋白受体-1表达下调的细胞内细菌数量等同于对照(F=1.06.P=0.3265);而在感染24 h时,Tfr1下调样本中的细菌数量明显低于对照样本(F=24.12,P=0.0006).这些发现说明在感染早期转铁蛋白受体-1参与了细菌的摄入,这可能与弗朗西斯菌获取铁以利在胞内生存有关.转铁蛋白受体-1的下调不影响细菌的入侵,但抑制细菌在细胞内的增殖.