不同产地丹参脂溶性成分指纹图谱的比较研究

目的：利用聚类分析对各地野生及家种丹参的指纹图谱数据进行分析。了解不同地理区域野生丹参以及同一地区家种丹参的遗传差异,为丹参药材优良品种的筛选提供依据。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇-水系统为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1．0mL／min。检测波长254nm,使用SPSS11．0数据处理软件对所得指纹图谱中考察指标进行聚类分析。结果：采用无性繁殖的相同产地的家种丹参指纹图谱具有很好的相似性,相应的品系药材可以归入同一类;而野生丹参则不可按其地理区域归类。结论：采用无性繁殖丹参的遗传稳定性较好。     

眼镜蛇毒及其组分C对小鼠实验性肝癌抗癌作用的病理学研究

目的　观察眼镜蛇毒及其组分 Ｃ 抗小鼠肝癌的病理学改变。 方法　采用不同剂量眼镜蛇毒及其抗癌活性组分 Ｃ 与 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ａ／ｃ 小鼠腹水型肝癌细胞体外孵育, 空白对照组用生理盐水与肝癌细胞孵育, 然后取孵育液接种于小鼠前肢腋下, 接种后第 １０ｄ 处死, 解剖取出瘤结, 进行病理组织学研究。 结果　空白对照组瘤结较大, 显微镜下见瘤细胞生长活跃、核大、核仁明显、核分裂多见, 而坏死灶少见, 且瘤细胞向周围浸润扩散; 治疗组瘤体较小, 瘤细胞固缩、核仁不明显、核分裂少见, 而坏死灶多见, 瘤细胞周围有纤维组织增生围绕, 限制了瘤细胞向周围蔓延浸润。 结论　眼镜蛇毒及其组分 Ｃ 对小鼠实验性肝癌的体外抗癌作用是明显的, 不同剂量及不同孵育时间的抗癌作用亦显著不同, 其中组分 Ｃ 对抗癌作用最强。     

Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase Is Strongly Associated with Incident Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Background

The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rapidly increasing worldwide and associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. However, the impact of ALT activity on MetS incidence is inconsistent in published literature. We therefore estimated the association between elevated ALT activity and incident MetS through a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Methods/Principal Findings

All published prospective cohort studies on the association between elevated ALT activity and incident MetS were retrieved from Pubmed, Embase, and the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). In all, seven prospective cohort studies, with 31545 participants and 2873 cases of incident MetS were recruited. If there was insignificant heterogeneity (P-value>0.05 and I²<50%), the fixed-effect model was used to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) of incident MetS induced by raised ALT. Otherwise, the random-effect model was used. The calculated RR was 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–2.14) when the incidence of MetS was compared between the highest versus the lowest classification of ALT activities. The pooled RR was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.11–1.16) in dose-response analysis with 5 units per liter (U/l) of ALT increment. Subgroup analysis suggested that gender disparity might be the main origin of heterogeneity in overall analysis (P = 0.007 between RRs of gender-specific subgroups evaluated with 5 U/l increments of ALT). Women had a higher dose-response risk of MetS incidence (1.38, 95% CI: 1.20–1.55) than men. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of results. No publication bias was found in our meta-analysis.

Conclusions/Significance

Current evidence from prospective studies supports the association between ALT elevation and increasing MetS incidence. This association is closer and more consistent in female population. Further studies are needed to confirm this association and to investigate the potential mechanism of ALT activity on MetS occurrence.     

海岛生态保护红线划定技术方法

划定海岛生态保护红线是维护海岛生态安全,协调海岛开发与保护之间矛盾的重要方法。目前,海岛生态保护红线在概念内涵、划定内容、划定方法等方面尚未统一定性,且极易与海洋生态红线的概念混淆,不同类型和形态的海岛红线划定的方法及原则要求也有所区分,例如,单岛、列岛、群岛、有居民和无居民海岛等。论述了海岛生态保护红线概念、海岛生态保护红线与海洋生态红线的区别和联系;结合生态科学、地理科学和管理科学属性,基于发展观点和底线思维阐述了海岛生态保护红线划定原则;海岛生态保护红线类型主要包括:海岛重点生态功能区、海岛生态敏感区/脆弱区和海岛禁止开发区;筛选出海岛生态保护红线划定需要重点考量的指标,提出海岛生态保护红线划定的技术路线,同时针对海岛生态保护红线区划面临的若干问题进行探讨;最后对今后海岛生态保护红线划定研究进行了展望。