全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19193篇 |
免费 | 1412篇 |
国内免费 | 1545篇 |
专业分类
22150篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 48篇 |
2023年 | 330篇 |
2022年 | 660篇 |
2021年 | 1090篇 |
2020年 | 670篇 |
2019年 | 909篇 |
2018年 | 804篇 |
2017年 | 560篇 |
2016年 | 877篇 |
2015年 | 1160篇 |
2014年 | 1459篇 |
2013年 | 1519篇 |
2012年 | 1813篇 |
2011年 | 1568篇 |
2010年 | 995篇 |
2009年 | 848篇 |
2008年 | 947篇 |
2007年 | 811篇 |
2006年 | 668篇 |
2005年 | 582篇 |
2004年 | 492篇 |
2003年 | 441篇 |
2002年 | 388篇 |
2001年 | 289篇 |
2000年 | 294篇 |
1999年 | 303篇 |
1998年 | 195篇 |
1997年 | 199篇 |
1996年 | 188篇 |
1995年 | 151篇 |
1994年 | 137篇 |
1993年 | 96篇 |
1992年 | 140篇 |
1991年 | 115篇 |
1990年 | 100篇 |
1989年 | 77篇 |
1988年 | 52篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 30篇 |
1985年 | 41篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1950年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
基因芯片自问世以来,以其操作简单、信息量大、快速便捷等优点迅速受到人们的关注。经过半个世纪的研究发展,基因芯片技术现已广泛运用于科学研究、生活生产的各个领域。现重点介绍基因芯片在临床诊断方面的应用。 相似文献
112.
Study of the factors affecting the extraction of soybean protein by reverse micelles 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xihong Zhao Yanmei Li Xiaowei He Nanjing Zhong Zhenbo Xu Liansheng Yang 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(2):669-675
In this work, the forward and back extraction of soybean protein by reverse micelles was studied. The reverse micellar systems
were formed by anionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethyl hexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT), isooctane and KCl solution. The effects
of AOT concentration, aqueous pH, KCl concentration and phase volume ratio on the extraction efficiency of soybean protein
were tested. Suitability of reverse micelles of AOT and Triton-X-100/AOT mixture in organic solvent toluene for soybean protein
extraction was also investigated. The experimental results lead to complete forward extraction at the AOT concentration 120 mmol l−1, aqueous pH 5.5 and KCl concentration 0.8 mol l−1. The backward extraction with aqueous phase (pH 5.5) resulted in 100% extraction of soybean protein from the organic phase. 相似文献
113.
Pollen Fertility Restoration by Nuclear Gene Fr in Cms Bean: Nuclear-Directed Alteration of a Mitochondrial Population 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Two nuclear genes, Fr and Fr2, have been identified that restore pollen fertility to cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by apparently distinct mechanisms. Whereas Fr2 appears to suppress the expression of a male sterility associated mitochondrial sequence (designated pvs), Fr restores pollen fertility by causing the elimination of this unusual mitochondrial DNA segment. To further investigate the mechanism of Fr action, Fr and Fr2 were cointroduced into the nucleus of a bean line containing the sterility inducing cytoplasm. When the effect of pvs was suppressed by Fr2, the presence of Fr no longer directed the elimination of the mitochondrial pvs sequence. This result suggests that the Fr function is dependent on proper expression of the pvs sequence. To evaluate the temporal and spatial patterns of Fr action, we undertook a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to trace the fate of the pvs sequence in different tissues of F(2) and F(3) fertile-restored plants derived from a genetic cross between a cytoplasmic male sterile line of common bean, CMS-Sprite (frfr), and fertility restorer line R351 (FrFr). We demonstrate that the Fr-directed disappearance of pvs sequence occurs during flower development. Elimination of the pvs sequence from developing megaspores results in permanent fertility restoration in the following generations. Genetic analysis demonstrated that permanent fertility restoration, that is, the complete elimination of pvs from reproductive tissues requires two doses of the Fr allele or the absence of fr in F(2) individuals. The effect of Fr was reversible until full fertility was achieved. On the basis of these results, we propose a model for the mechanism of pvs elimination by the Fr gene and discuss the dynamics of pvs-containing mitochondrial transmission in the presence of the Fr gene. 相似文献
114.
115.
Thirty-seven wild plants as food for Asian elephants in the field in Simao,Yunnan province,China and five cultivated plants as food for captive elephants in the Beijing Zoo were collected and analyzed for their main nutrient components.Protein,fat,fiber,dry material,ash as well as major microelements:calcium,kalium,zincum,sodium in the food were analyzed by standard methodology.No significant differences were found between the wild plants taken in the field and forage provided in captivity.However,the calcium content in the forage is significantly less than the average of those in the wild plants.It is suggested that the increase in calcium intake may contribute to the relief of low plasma calcium diseases of elephants in captivity. 相似文献
116.
117.
Airong Li Yue Zhu Xingbing He Xingjun Tian Liang Xu Wu Ni Ping Jiang 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(4):569-572
Six selected plants, belonging to 3 families from Nanjing of China, were extracted with the solvent 95% (v/v) ethanol to yield
11 extracts. The extracts were evaluated for their effects on the growth of eight clinical bacteria, two fungi and one yeast
using a modified agar diffusion method. The results showed that the majority of the extracts investigated showed greater activities
against the Gram-positive bacteria than against the Gram-negative bacteria, the fungi and the yeast. The strongest antimicrobial
activity was exhibited by the stem extracts of Mahonia fortunei against multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, followed by the stem extracts of Mahonia bealei, while Bacillus thuringiensis was the most sensitive to all extracts. 相似文献
118.
He W Zhao Y Zhang C An L Hu Z Liu Y Han L Bi L Xie Z Xue P Yang F Hang H 《Nucleic acids research》2008,36(20):6406-6417
Rad9 is conserved from yeast to humans and plays roles in DNA repair (homologous recombination repair, and base-pair excision repair) and cell cycle checkpoint controls. It has not previously been reported whether Rad9 is involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). In this study, we have demonstrated that both human and mouse Rad9 interacts physically with the MMR protein MLH1. Disruption of the interaction by a single-point mutation in Rad9 leads to significantly reduced MMR activity. This disruption does not affect S/M checkpoint control and the first round of G2/M checkpoint control, nor does it alter cell sensitivity to UV light, gamma rays or hydroxyurea. Our data indicate that Rad9 is an important factor in MMR and carries out its MMR function specifically through interaction with MLH1. 相似文献
119.
Yu Q Ji R Gao X Fu J Guo W Song X Zhao X Burnstock G Shi X He C Xiang Z 《Cell and tissue research》2011,344(2):227-237
Single- and double-immunostaining techniques were used systematically to study the distribution pattern and neurochemical density of oxytocin-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons in the digestive tract of the guinea pig. Oxytocin immunoreactivity was distributed widely in the guinea pig gastrointestinal tract; 3%, 13%, 17%, 15%, and 10% of ganglion neurons were immunoreactive for oxytocin in the myenteric plexuses of the gastric corpus, jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, and distal colon, respectively, and 36%, 40%, 52%, and 56% of ganglion neurons were immunoreactive for oxytocin in the submucosal plexuses of the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, and distal colon, respectively. In the myenteric plexus, oxytocin was expressed exclusively in the intrinsic enteric afferent neurons, as identified by calbindin 28 K. In the submucosal plexuses, oxytocin was expressed in non-cholinergic secretomotor neurons, as identified by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Oxytocin-ir nerve fibers in the inner circular muscle layer possibly arose from the myenteric oxytocin-ir neurons, and oxytocin-ir nerve fibers in the mucosa possibly arose from both the myenteric and submucosal oxytocin-ir neurons. Thus, oxytocin in the digestive tract might be involved in gastrointestinal tract motility mainly via the regulation of the inner circular muscle and the balance of the absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes. 相似文献
120.
Sokoloff's 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique was used to identify changes of glucose metabolic rate in the rat brain following unilateral stimulation of the head of the caudate nucleus. The results were as follows. The local glucose metabolic rate after noxious stimulation was increased in the somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, ventroposterior and parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus, septal area, habenular nucleus, head of caudate nucleus, periaqueductal gray (PAG) and dorsal raphe nucleus (P < 0.05). After stimulating the head of the caudate nucleus, the local glucose metabolic rate of nucleus raphe magnus (rm) and nucleus paragigantocellularis (pgcl) was increased significantly and that of the PAG and dorsal raphe nucleus had a tendency to increase, while stimulation of the head of caudate nucleus could partially abolish the increased glucose metabolic rate in the somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, ventroposterior and parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus, septal area and habenular nucleus as induced by noxious stimulation. These results suggest that caudate stimulation is able to depress the activation of some brain structures related to nociception and to activate those related to antinociception. The pgcl, rm, PAG and dorsal raphe nucleus might be the key structures participating in the caudate stimulation produced analgesia. 相似文献