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51.
为了评估近20年来上海苏州河环境综合整治过程中鱼类多样性的变化状况, 本文于2019年6月(夏季)和9月(秋季)对苏州河13个断面的鱼类样本进行了采集, 对鱼类多样性和群落结构作了分析。结果显示, 2次采集共获得鱼类样本10,102号, 隶属于8目15科37属45种。夏季和秋季, 上游8个断面的鱼类均为36种, 下游5个断面则为12种和15种。从上游到下游, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)和Simpson优势度指数(C)总体呈逐渐降低的趋势。相对重要性指数(IRI)显示, 夏秋两季上游断面共同的优势种为似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni), 下游为鲫(Carassius auratus)和泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)。丰度生物量曲线表明, 全河段鱼类群落结构总体上并不稳定, 特别是夏季的下游河段。Cluster聚类和非参数多维标度排序分析可明显将鱼类群落分为上游群组(I)与下游群组(II), 似鳊、泥鳅、鲫、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)和兴凯鱊(Acheilognathus chankaensis)等是造成群组间差异性的主要分歧种。与2001年的43种、2006年的28种相比, 本次调查的物种数出现了明显回升, 特别是下游河段。这种上游鱼类向下游迁移的趋势, 预示着下游中心城区与上游郊区河段的水质差别正在缩小, 水生态系统恢复迹象明显。本文认为, 上下游之间鱼类群落结构差异的缩小以及翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)、棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)、子陵吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)等在下游河段的出现, 可作为苏州河综合整治效果的重要生态标志。 相似文献
52.
Novel cathepsin D inhibitors block the formation of hyperphosphorylated tau fragments in hippocampus 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bi X Haque TS Zhou J Skillman AG Lin B Lee CE Kuntz ID Ellman JA Lynch G 《Journal of neurochemistry》2000,74(4):1469-1477
Lysosomal disturbances may be a contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease. We used novel compounds to test if suppression of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D blocks production of known precursors to neurofibrillary tangles. Partial lysosomal dysfunction was induced in cultured hippocampal slices with a selective inhibitor of cathepsins B and L. This led within 48 h to hyperphosphorylated tau protein fragments recognized by antibodies against human tangles. Potent nonpeptidic cathepsin D inhibitors developed using combinatorial chemistry and structure-based design blocked production of the fragments in a dose-dependent fashion. Threshold was in the submicromolar range, with higher concentrations producing complete suppression. The effects were selective and not accompanied by pathophysiology. Comparable results were obtained with three structurally distinct inhibitors. These results support the hypothesis that cathepsin D links lysosomal dysfunction to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and suggest a new approach to treating the disease. 相似文献
53.
Lin‐Li Lv Ye Feng Tao‐Tao Tang Bi‐Cheng Liu 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2019,23(2):731-739
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released to maintain cellular homeostasis as well as to mediate cell communication by spreading protective or injury signals to neighbour or remote cells. In kidney, increasing evidence support that EVs are signalling vesicles for different segments of tubules, intra‐glomerular, glomerular‐tubule and tubule‐interstitial communication. EVs released by kidney resident and infiltrating cells can be isolated from urine and were found to be promising biomarkers for kidney disease, reflecting deterioration of renal function and histological change. We have here summarized the recent progress about the functional role of EVs in kidney disease as well as challenges and future directions involved. 相似文献
54.
天敌对麦长管蚜和麦二叉蚜种群数量影响程度的分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过对1993~1996年两种麦蚜种群数量及其天敌数量的系统调查,并采用灰色关联分析法,研究各种天敌对两种麦蚜种群数量的影响程度,得出对麦长管蚜种群数量影响最大的是龟纹瓢虫、蚜茧蜂和食蚜蝇;对麦二叉蚜种群数量影响最大的是草间小黑蛛,其次是龟纹瓢虫. 相似文献
55.
红豆杉资源与紫杉醇生产概况 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
红豆杉属(TaxusL.)植物全世界共11种,分布于北半球的温带至亚热带地区。我国有4种1变种,即:东北红豆杉(T.cuspidataSieb.etZuc.)、云南红豆杉(T.yunnanensisChengetL.K.Fu)、西藏红豆杉(T.walichianaZucc.)、中国红豆杉〔T.chinensis(Pilger)Rehd.〕和南方红豆杉〔T.chinensisvar.mairei(LemeeetLévl.)ChengetL.K.Fu〕,分布于我国大部分地区,较为集中的产区为东北、西南和华东地区。云南省是我国红豆杉资源的主要分布区域。红豆杉树皮中含有新型抗癌药物紫杉醇,近年来,由于过度砍剥致使我国红豆杉野生资源遭到严重破坏。因此必须制定保护措施,进行人工种植。由于紫杉醇在红豆杉中含量甚微,结构异常复杂,所以研究紫杉醇的新来源成为世界性的热点,主要研究内容包括:非树皮部分的提取,人工大量种植,衍生物的寻找,化学合成和生物技术等。我国在以上研究领域内已取得多项成果,但与世界先进国家相比还有一定的差距,有待深入研究 相似文献
56.
利用造血细胞体外琼脂培养技术,比较了狗的不同来源的GM—CFC增殖、分化性能和辐射敏感性。结果表明,在正常生理条件下循环血中GM—CFC集落产率约为骨髓的1/60;细胞集落开始形成时间较骨髓晚1天,细胞集落随培养时间(前3—5天)增加而增加,其增加速率约为骨髓的20%;辐射敏感性D_0值为0.34Gy,明显低于骨髓中GM—CFC的D_0值(0.82Gy)。造血干细胞动员剂动员后血中GM—CFC数量明显增加,细胞集落增加速率约为骨髓的59%,D_0值为0.72Gy。从而为循环血干细胞移植疗效提供了实验依据。 相似文献
57.
几个生态因子对黄盖鲽的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄盖鲽(Psuedopleuronectes yokohameGünther)是鲽科中的冷温性鱼类,广泛分布在日本、朝鲜及我国的东海、黄海和渤海。地方种群多,洄游范尉小,适应能力强,既是底栖生物食性,又可耐较低的温度,虽非名贵鱼种,却具有一定的经济价值,在开展近海增殖时,不存在越冬和效益外流问题。因此,早在60年代,日本山口县和大分县的学者们,便开始着手该品种的人工孵化和增殖放流试验。80年代初已达年放流2—3cm的稚鱼苗7.0×10~6尾的水平。为了在渤海开展增殖工作,建立综 相似文献
58.
Biotype status and distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Shandong province of China based on mitochondrial DNA markers 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Chu D Jiang T Liu GX Jiang DF Tao YL Fan ZX Zhou HX Bi YP 《Environmental entomology》2007,36(5):1290-1295
Bemisia tabaci has caused significant crop losses in China during the last decade. Recent research has shown that two potentially invasive variants, biotypes B and Q, have been found in several regions of China. Our objective was to determine the biotype status and the distribution of B. tabaci in Shandong province, an important agricultural region of China. Based on mitochondrial DNA markers, both biotypes B and Q were detected, with B being the predominant biotype. The results indicate that the more recently introduced biotype Q has not only been located in China but also has established and spread in some regions. 相似文献
59.
Tang XQ Fang HR Li YJ Zhou CF Ren YK Chen RQ Wang CY Hu B 《Neurochemical research》2011,36(11):2176-2185
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, is profoundly protective against
1-methy-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction contributes to the neurotoxicity of MPP+; while hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a pivotal endogenous antioxidant. This study is to assess the potential role of endogenous H2S in the neuroprotection of ADMA against MPP+-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. We showed that ADMA prevented MPP+-induced inhibition of endogenous H2S generation through inhibiting the down-regulation of cystathionine-β-synthetase (CBS, the major enzyme responsible for endogenous
H2S generation in PC12 cells) expression and activity elicited by MPP+. ADMA obviously attenuated MPP+-triggered accumulation of intracellular ROS, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), release of cytochrome
c (Cyt-c), and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression in PC12 cells. Inhibition of CBS activity by amino-oxyacetate and
CBS silencing with a short hairpin RNA vector targeting rat CBS gene reversed the protective action of ADMA against MPP+-caused cytotoxicity, ROS overproduction, and MMP loss in PC12 cells. These results indicate that the protection of ADMA against
MPP+-mediated neurotoxicity involves the melioration of MPP+-induced inhibition of endogenous H2S generation. Our findings suggest that modulation of H2S production provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinson’s disease. 相似文献
60.
Yonghua Bi Xinwei Han Hongshan Zhong Ke Xu Xun Qi Zhen Zhang Weixiao Li 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》2014,70(2):819-822
Self-healing phenomenon was found in the periarterial elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in rabbit. This kind of aneurysm model does not progress and heals spontaneously in the long term, which is quite different from the performance of AAA disease in human. In order to better mimic human AAA and overcome this shortcoming of traditional AAA model in rabbit, we studied the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysm (CA) model in small animal, which shows an excellent long-term patency and progressive enlargement. We found that hemodynamic conditions, such as turbulence flow, high blood flow, and shear stress, play an important role in the formation and progression of CA. So, we hypothesize that hemodynamic change may also play an essential role in the initiation and progression of rabbit AAA, and self-healing will be overcome if hemodynamic condition changes by coarctation of infra-renal aorta after elastase incubation. 相似文献