Kernel weight and morphology are important traits affecting cereal yields and quality. Dissecting the genetic basis of thousand kernel weight (TKW) and its related traits is an effective method to improve wheat yield. In this study, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross ‘PuBing3228 × Gao8901’ (PG-RIL) to dissect the genetic basis of kernel traits. A total of 17 stable QTLs related to kernel traits were identified, notably, two stable QTLs QTkw.cas-1A.2 and QTkw.cas-4A explained the largest portion of the phenotypic variance for TKW and kernel length (KL), and the other two stable QTLs QTkw.cas-6A.1 and QTkw.cas-7D.2 contributed more effects on kernel width (KW). Conditional QTL analysis revealed that the stable QTLs for TKW were mainly affected by KW. The QTLs QTkw.cas-7D.2 and QKw.cas-7D.1 associated with TKW and KW were delimited to the physical interval of approximately 3.82 Mb harboring 47 candidate genes. Among them, the candidate gene TaFT-D1 had a 1 bp insertions/deletion (InDel) within the third exon, which might be the reason for diversity in TKW and KW between the two parents. A Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) marker of TaFT-D1 allele was developed and verified by PG-RIL and a natural population consisted of 141 cultivar/lines. It was found that the favorable TaFT-D1 (G)-allele has been positively selected during Chinese wheat breeding. Thus, these results can be used for further positional cloning and marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs. Seventeen stable QTLs related to kernel traits were identified. The stable QTLs for thousand kernel weight were mainly affected by kernel width. TaFT-D1 could be the candidate gene for QTLs QTkw.cas-7D.2 and QKw.cas-7D.1. 相似文献
Cdc42 is a small RhoGTPase regulating multiple functions in eukaryotic cells. The activity of Cdc42 is significantly elevated in several tissues of aged mice, while the Cdc42 gain‐of‐activity mouse model presents with a premature aging‐like phenotype and with decreased lifespan. These data suggest a causal connection between elevated activity of Cdc42, aging, and reduced lifespan. Here, we demonstrate that systemic treatment of aged (75‐week‐old) female C57BL/6 mice with a Cdc42 activity‐specific inhibitor (CASIN) for 4 consecutive days significantly extends average and maximum lifespan. Moreover, aged CASIN‐treated animals displayed a youthful level of the aging‐associated cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐1α, and INFγ in serum and a significantly younger epigenetic clock as based on DNA methylation levels in blood cells. Overall, our data show that systemic administration of CASIN to reduce Cdc42 activity in aged mice extends murine lifespan. 相似文献
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit characteristic absorption peaks in the ultraviolet visible region due to their special surface plasmon resonance effect. This characteristic absorption peak would change with the relative colour varying from wine red to orange‐yellow upon sequential addition of ascorbic acid (AA) into the mixture of AuNPs and Ag(I). Similar observations also could be found when the hydrolysis product of sodium l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐phosphate with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was used as an alternative to AA. Results of structure characterization confirmed that the phenomena were due to the reduction of Ag(I) to Ag(0) on the surface of AuNPs and the formation of core‐shell AuNPs@Ag. Therefore, a colorimetric assay for rapid visual detection of AA and ALP based on redox‐modulated silver deposition on AuNPs has been proposed. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the absorbance variation ΔA522 nm/A370 nm of AuNPs was proportional to the concentration of AA (5–60 μmol/L) and ALP (3–18 U/L) with the corresponding detection limit of 2.44 μmol/L for AA and 0.52 U/L for ALP. The assay showed excellent selectivity towards AA and ALP. Moreover, the assay has been applied to detect AA and ALP activity in real samples with satisfying results. 相似文献
Food Biophysics - In this study, naturally occurring ingredient diosgenin was utilized as an organogelator for structuring canola oil. Results show that stable diosgenin-based organogel can be... 相似文献
We present a THz emission enhancement of 41 times at 0.92 THz from a metasurface made of T-shaped resonators excited in a quasi-near-field zone. Such a metasurface has an intrinsic transmission minimum with Q factor of 4 at 1.25 THz under far-field excitation. When this metasurface is coupled onto the backside of a 625-μm-thick photoconductive emitter, the metasurface is below the Fraunhofer distance to the excitation source. As such, one broad enhancement around 0.47 THz and another extremely narrow enhancement at 0.92 THz in the emission spectrum are observed owing to a quasi-near-field excitation. Theoretically, the Q factor of the latter is up to 307, which is limited by the spectral resolution in experiment. The numerical simulations indicate that the T-shaped resonators serve as an array of plasmonic antennas resulting in the aforementioned emission enhancement of THz radiation.
Podocyte injury plays a key role in the occurrence and development of kidney diseases. Decreased autophagic activity in podocyte is closely related to its injury and the occurrence of proteinuria. Liver X receptors (LXRs), as metabolic nuclear receptors, participate in multiple pathophysiological processes and express in several tissues, including podocytes. Although the functional roles of LXRs in the liver, adipose tissue and intestine are well established; however, the effect of LXRs on podocytes function remains unclear. In this study, we used mouse podocytes cell line to investigate the effects of LXR activation on podocytes autophagy level and related signaling pathway by performing Western blotting, RT-PCR, GFP-mRFP-LC3 transfection, and immunofluorescence staining. Then, we tested this effect in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were employed to explore the effects of LXR activation on podocytes function and autophagic activity. We found that LXR activation could inhibit autophagic flux through blocking the formation of autophagosome in podocytes in vitro which was possibly achieved by affecting AMPK, mTOR, and SIRT1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, LXR activation in vivo induced autophagy suppression in glomeruli, leading to aggravated podocyte injury. In summary, our findings indicated that activation of LXRs induced autophagy suppression, which in turn contributed to the podocyte injury.