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941.
Xianliang Zheng Bo Fang Dongfei Han Wenxia Yang Feifei Qi Hui Chen Shengying Li 《PloS one》2016,11(8)
α-Galactosidases are broadly used in feed, food, chemical, pulp, and pharmaceutical industries. However, there lacks a satisfactory microbial cell factory that is able to produce α-galactosidases efficiently and cost-effectively to date, which prevents these important enzymes from greater application. In this study, the secretory expression of an Aspergillus niger α-galactosidase (AGA) in Pichia pastoris was systematically investigated. Through codon optimization, signal peptide replacement, comparative selection of host strain, and saturation mutagenesis of the P1’ residue of Kex2 protease cleavage site for efficient signal peptide removal, a mutant P. pastoris KM71H (Muts) strain of AGA-I with the specific P1’ site substitution (Glu to Ile) demonstrated remarkable extracellular α-galactosidase activity of 1299 U/ml upon a 72 h methanol induction in 2.0 L fermenter. The engineered yeast strain AGA-I demonstrated approximately 12-fold higher extracellular activity compared to the initial P. pastoris strain. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest yield and productivity of a secreted α-galactosidase in P. pastoris, thus holding great potential for industrial application. 相似文献
942.
The role of fecundity and sexual selection in the evolution of size and sexual size dimorphism in New World and Old World voles (Rodentia: Arvicolinae)
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Evolutionary ecologists dating back to Darwin (1871) have sought to understand why males are larger than females in some species, and why females are the larger sex in others. Although the former is widespread in mammals, rodents and other small mammals usually exhibit low levels of sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Here, we investigate patterns of sexual dimorphism in 34 vole species belonging to the subfamily Arvicolinae in a phylogenetic comparative framework. We address the potential role of sexual selection and fecundity selection in creating sex differences in body size. No support was found for hyperallometric scaling of male body size to female body size. We observed a marginally significant relationship between SSD and the ratio of male to female home range size, with the latter being positively related to the level of intrasexual competition for mates. This suggests that sexual selection favours larger males. Interestingly, we also found that habitat type, but not mating system, constitutes a strong predictor of SSD. Species inhabiting open habitats – where males have extensive home ranges in order to gain access to as many females as possible – exhibit a higher mean dimorphism than species inhabiting closed habitats, where females show strong territoriality and an uniform distribution preventing males to adopt a territorial strategy for gaining copulations. Nonetheless, variation in the strength of sexual selection is not the only selective force shaping SSD in voles; we also found a positive association between female size and litter size across lineages. Assuming this relationship also exists within lineages (i.e. fecundity selection on female size), this suggests an additional role for variation in the strength of fecundity selection shaping interspecific differences in female size, and indirectly in SSD. Therefore our results suggest that different selective processes act on the sizes of males and females, but because larger size is favoured in both sexes, SSD is on average relatively small. 相似文献
943.
不饱和脂肪酸在低渗牵张加强豚鼠胃窦平滑肌细胞毒蕈碱电流中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用全细胞膜片钳技术在急性分离的胃窦平滑肌细胞上记录离子电流的方法 ,探讨外源性不饱和脂肪酸是否参与低渗牵张加强毒蕈碱电流的过程。在豚鼠胃窦平滑肌细胞上膜电位被钳制在 - 2 0 0mV等渗状态时 ,5 0 μmol/L卡巴胆碱 (carbachol,CCh)引起的毒蕈碱电流 (ICCh)作为对照 ,发现低渗牵张可以使ICCh明显增加到对照的 2 2 6 0±2 1 0 %。当用含 5 μmol花生四烯酸 (arachidacid ,AA)、亚麻酸 (linoleicacid ,LA)或亚油酸 (oleicacid,OA)细胞外液灌流时 ,ICCh分别被抑制在对照的 3 8± 0 6%、3 5 2± 0 8%和 66 6± 0 6%。在这种情况下 ,低渗牵张刺激可以使ICCh分别增加到 10 6 0± 2 5 %、173 2± 6 8%和 2 2 2 1± 11 0 %。 5 μmol/LAA抑制低渗牵张增加的毒蕈碱电流 5 1 2± 3 8% ,而在等渗状态下抑制ICCh为 96 2± 1 6%。上述结果提示 ,不饱和脂肪酸中双键数目越多 ,抑制效应越强 ;但不饱和脂肪酸不参与低渗刺激加强毒蕈碱电流的过程。 相似文献
944.
日本绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
甲壳动物血淋巴细胞具有吞噬异物的功能,其种类、数量与其免疫功能密切相关。
相似文献
945.
Rhizobia specifically interacts with the host, leguminous plants, leading to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. The Rhizobium genes essential for nodule formation are called nodulation genes (nod or nol). The expression of nod genes requires the presence of host signals, generally flavonoids, and the product of regulatory nodD gene, NodD[1,2]. The expression of nod genes results in the synthesis of Nod factors, which serve as the signal molecules to elicit root cor-tical cells di… 相似文献
946.
内皮细胞-血小板血栓体外模型的建立及分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在内皮细胞培养技术、荧光显微技术和计算机图象处理技术的基础上,建立了内皮细胞-血小板血栓体外动力学模型及其计算机定量分析系统。通过锥板血流模拟装置(Cone-PlateSystem)结合光-色素法在体外产生血小板血栓,并利用计算机图像处理技术,研究分析了不同剪切应力作用下,内皮细胞的形态变化及血小板吸附情况,定量分析血小板和内皮细胞之间相互作用。该实验模型及其定量分析系统的建立,为深入研究血栓形成和动脉粥样硬化提供了一套在细胞及分子层次作用机理的研究方法,并可进行微量、快速、动态的抗血栓药物的筛选 相似文献
947.
948.
Sex-specific elimination of cells by apoptosis plays a role in sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans. Recently, a mammalian pro-apoptotic protein named F1Aalpha has been identified. F1Aalpha shares extensive homology throughout the entire protein with the C. elegans protein, FEM-1, which is essential for achieving all aspects of the male phenotype in the nematode. In this report, the role of FEM-1 in apoptosis was investigated. Overexpression of FEM-1 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in mammalian cells. FEM-1 is cleaved in vitro by the C. elegans caspase, CED-3, generating an N-terminal cleavage product that corresponds to the minimal effector domain for apoptosis. Furthermore, CED-4 associates with FEM-1 in vitro and in vivo in mammalian cells and potentiates FEM-1-mediated apoptosis. Similarly, Apaf-1, the mammalian homologue of CED-4 was found to associate with F1Aalpha. These data suggest that FEM-1 and F1Aalpha may mediate apoptosis by communicating directly with the core machinery of apoptosis. 相似文献
949.
950.
作物生长模拟模型研究和应用 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
作物生长模拟模型研究和应用宇振荣(北京农业大学农业生态环境系,100094)StudiesonCropGrowthModellingandItsApplication.¥YuZhenrong(DepartmentofAgro-E-cologicalE... 相似文献