温度及采收期对砀山酥梨耐贮性的影响研究

本文利用灰色系统理论对供试酥梨的适宜贮温、最佳采收期及较优窖形作了综合性研究,结果表明:三种贮温中O℃库温的保鲜效果最理想,关联度达0.9123;就地冷贮以八月底采收为佳,关联度达0.8941;四种供比较的窖形中以3号窖贮藏效果为著,关联度为0.9028．     

骨骼肌M蛋白抗血清的制备及正常人骨骼肌M蛋白的免疫电镜定位

分别制备了兔抗人Ｍ蛋白（Ｂ成分）抗血清和兔抗人Ｃ成分［１］抗血清。用蛋白Ａ－胶体金作标记物,对经ＬｏｗｉｃｒｙｌＫ４Ｍ低温包埋的人骨骼肌超薄切片中Ｍ蛋白和分子量１４００００的Ｃ成分进行免疫电镜定位。发现Ｍ蛋白分布于整个Ｍ线,而Ｃ成分虽然也集中于Ｍ线以内,但主要分布于Ｍ线内的边缘区域。     

Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high-latitude net ecosystem carbon budget

Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003–2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R_eco), net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE; R_eco − GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH₄) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km² flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of −850 Tg CO₂-C year⁻¹. Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH₄ emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH₄) were estimated at 35 Tg CH₄-C year⁻¹. Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.     

四种主要大豆食叶害虫种群空间分布型及其应用研究

通过分层随机与连片调查获得114个样本．利用微机分别对豆天蛾卵和豆天蛾．银纹夜蛾．棉铃虫．豆灰蝶及混合种群的幼虫．进行了4种频次分布型检验和6项聚集度指标的测定．结果表明．上述害虫在豆田内均属零集分布．中分析了聚集原因．提出了“Z”字型10样点,每样点以1／3m双行为单位的抽样方法．确立了在两种允许误差下的抽样数量．进行了序贯抽样分析。     

脉叶罗汉松化学成分的研究

从脉叶罗汉松(Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don)的枝叶中分离到11种化合物,根据光谱数据和物理常数测定,分别鉴定为正三十四烷醇(1)、β-谷甾醇硬脂酸酯(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、金松双黄酮(sciadopitysin,3)、罗汉松双黄酮 B(podocarpusflavone B,12)、罗波斯塔黄酮-7″-甲醚(robustaflavone-7″-methyl ether,13)罗汉松双黄酮 A(podocarpusflaveone A,14)、罗波斯塔黄酮(robustaflavone,15)、对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxyl-benzoic acid,16)、2″-O-鼠李糖扫帚黄甙(2″-O-rhamnosylscoparin,23)和2″-O-鼠李糖牡荆黄甙(2″-O-rhamnosylvitexin,24)。其中,化合物23和24为首次从罗汉松科分得的化合物,化合物8、13和15首次从该植物分离到。     

A well-characterized polycistronic-like gene expression system in yeast

Efficient expression of multiple genes is critical to yeast metabolic engineering for the bioproduction of bulk and fine chemicals. A yeast polycistronic expression system is of particular interest because one promoter can drive the expression of multiple genes. 2A viral peptides enable the cotranslation of multiple proteins from a single mRNA by ribosomal skipping. However, the wide adaptation of 2A viral peptides for polycistronic-like gene expression in yeast awaits in-depth characterizations. Additionally, a one-step assembly of such a polycistronic-like system is highly desirable. To this end, we have developed a modular cloning (MoClo) compatible 2A peptide-based polycistronic-like system capable of expressing multiple genes from a single promoter in yeast. Characterizing the bi-, tri-, and quad-cistronic expression of fluorescent proteins showed high cleavage efficiencies of three 2A peptides: E2A from equine rhinitis B virus, P2A from porcine teschovirus-1, and O2A from Operophtera brumata cypovirus-18. Applying the polycistronic-like system to produce geraniol, a valuable industrial compound, resulted in comparable or higher titers than using conventional monocistronic constructs. In summary, this highly-characterized polycistronic-like gene expression system is another tool to facilitate multigene expression for metabolic engineering in yeast.     

Thecate stem medusozoans (Cnidaria) from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota

Cnidarians are phylogenetically located near the base of the ‘tree of animals’, and their early evolution had a profound impact on the rise of bilaterians. However, the early diversity and phylogeny of this ‘lowly’ metazoan clade has hitherto been enigmatic. Fortunately, cnidarian fossils from the early Cambrian could provide key insights into their evolutionary history. Here, based on a scrutiny of the purported hyolith Burithes yunnanensis Hou et al. from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota in South China, we reveal that this species shows characters distinct from those typical of hyoliths, not least a funnel-shaped gastrovascular system with a single opening, a whorl of tentacles surrounding the mouth, and the lack of an operculum. These characters suggest a great deviation from the original definition of the genus Burithes, and a closer affinity with cnidarians. We therefore reassign the material to a new genus: Palaeoconotuba. Bayesian inference of phylogeny based on new anatomical traits identifies a new clade, including Palaeoconotuba and Cambrorhytium, as a stem group of sessile medusozoan cnidarians that are united by the synapomorphies of developing an organic conical theca and a funnel-like gastrovascular system. This study unveils a stem lineage of medusozoans that evolved a lifelong conical theca in the early Cambrian.     

油藏注入水靶向脱硫潜力的高温脱硫菌群富集驯化

【背景】海上油田见聚后产出水硫化物超标,影响到注聚水的配聚黏度,采用生物脱硫时,由于常规除硫菌难以适应除油后产出液的高温,使得脱硫效果不佳。【目的】分析海上采出液水处理过程的菌群结构,明确生物处理各节点的菌群构成变化;开展耐高温脱硫菌驯化筛选,获得耐高温的高效脱硫菌。【方法】采集来自胜利油田海三站的水样,以16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析样本菌群结构,并分别在不同温度(55、60和65℃)下的无机富集培养基中进行多轮转接驯化,结合常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma, ARTP)诱变技术筛选获得耐高温的脱硫菌群,采用宏基因组测序技术分析富集菌群的组成,并测定其脱硫能力。【结果】处理前的采出液水样含有较多的嗜热菌和硫酸盐还原菌,如Thermodesulfovibrio、Pseudothermotoga、Thermolithobacter、Fervidobacterium、Thermovenabulales和Pseudomonas;以厌氧气浮除油工艺处理的出水中,嗜氢菌属(Hydrogenophilus)成为最主要的优势菌,...