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Guo Y Cai Q Samuels DC Ye F Long J Li CI Winther JF Tawn EJ Stovall M Lähteenmäki P Malila N Levy S Shaffer C Shyr Y Shu XO Boice JD 《Mutation research》2012,744(2):154-160
The human mitochondrial genome has an exclusively maternal mode of inheritance. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is particularly vulnerable to environmental insults due in part to an underdeveloped DNA repair system, limited to base excision and homologous recombination repair. Radiation exposure to the ovaries may cause mtDNA mutations in oocytes, which may in turn be transmitted to offspring. We hypothesized that the children of female cancer survivors who received radiation therapy may have an increased rate of mtDNA heteroplasmy mutations, which conceivably could increase their risk of developing cancer and other diseases. We evaluated 44 DNA blood samples from 17 Danish and 1 Finnish families (18 mothers and 26 children). All mothers had been treated for cancer as children and radiation doses to their ovaries were determined based on medical records and computational models. DNA samples were sequenced for the entire mitochondrial genome using the Illumina GAII system. Mother's age at sample collection was positively correlated with mtDNA heteroplasmy mutations. There was evidence of heteroplasmy inheritance in that 9 of the 18 families had at least one child who inherited at least one heteroplasmy site from his or her mother. No significant difference in single nucleotide polymorphisms between mother and offspring, however, was observed. Radiation therapy dose to ovaries also was not significantly associated with the heteroplasmy mutation rate among mothers and children. No evidence was found that radiotherapy for pediatric cancer is associated with the mitochondrial genome mutation rate in female cancer survivors and their children. 相似文献
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Long Wang Xuefei Chang Fang Wang Hongwei Yao Yufa Peng David Stanley Gongyin Ye 《Plant biotechnology journal》2017,15(8):1047-1053
Transgenic Bt rice expressing the insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) has been developed since 1989. Their ecological risks towards non‐target organisms have been investigated; however, these studies were conducted individually, yielding uncertainty regarding potential agroecological risks associated with large‐scale deployment of Bt rice lines. Here, we developed a meta‐analysis of the existing literature to synthesize current knowledge of the impacts of Bt rice on functional arthropod guilds, including herbivores, predators, parasitoids and detritivores in laboratory and field studies. Laboratory results indicate Bt rice did not influence survival rate and developmental duration of herbivores, although exposure to Bt rice led to reduced egg laying, which correctly predicted their reduced abundance in Bt rice agroecosystems. Similarly, consuming prey exposed to Bt protein did not influence survival, development or fecundity of predators, indicating constant abundances of predators in Bt rice fields. Compared to control agroecosystems, parasitoid populations decreased slightly in Bt rice cropping systems, while detritivores increased. We draw two inferences. One, laboratory studies of Bt rice showing effects on ecological functional groups are mainly either consistent with or more conservative than results of field studies, and two, Bt rice will pose negligible risks to the non‐target functional guilds in future large‐scale Bt rice agroecosystems in China. 相似文献
97.
P2X7 receptor inhibition attenuated sympathetic nerve sprouting after myocardial infarction via the NLRP3/IL‐1β pathway 下载免费PDF全文
Hesheng Hu Xiaolu Li Mei Xue Wenjuan Cheng Ye Wang Xinran Li Na Yang Yugen Shi Suhua Yan 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2017,21(11):2695-2710
Mounting evidence supports the hypothesis that inflammation modulates sympathetic sprouting after myocardial infarction (MI). The myeloid P2X7 signal has been shown to activate the nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a master regulator of inflammation. We investigated whether P2X7 signal participated in the pathogenesis of sympathetic reinnervation after MI, and whether NLRP3/interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) axis is involved in the process. We explored the relationship between P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and IL‐1β in the heart tissue of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐primed naive rats. 3′‐O‐(4‐benzoyl) benzoyl adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (BzATP), a P2X7R agonist, induced caspase‐1 activation and mature IL‐1β release, which was further neutralized by a NLRP3 inhibitor (16673‐34‐0). MI was induced by coronary artery ligation. Following infarction, a marked increase in P2X7R was localized within infiltrated macrophages and observed in parallel with an up‐regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome levels and the release of IL‐1β in the left ventricle. The administration of A‐740003 (a P2X7R antagonist) significantly prevented the NLRP3/IL‐1β increase. A‐740003 and/or Anakinra (an IL‐1 receptor antagonist) significantly reduced macrophage infiltration as well as macrophage‐based IL‐1β and NGF (nerve growth factor) production and eventually blunted sympathetic hyperinnervation, as assessed by the immunofluorescence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP 43). Moreover, the use of Anakinra partly attenuated sympathetic sprouting. This indicated that the effect of P2X7 on neural remodelling was mediated at least partially by IL‐1β. The arrhythmia score of programmed electric stimulation was in accordance with the degree of sympathetic hyperinnervation. In vitro studies showed that BzATP up‐regulated secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) in M1 macrophages via IL‐1β. Together, these data indicate that P2X7R contributes to neural and cardiac remodelling, at least partly mediated by NLRP3/IL‐1β axis. Therapeutic interventions targeting P2X7 signal may be a novel approach to ameliorate arrhythmia following MI. 相似文献
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A novel landscape classification system was proposed in this study based on landscape ecological theory and the differentiation in climate, topography, soil, vegetation and land use mode. Five basic units (zone, tract, province, region and type) and two assistant units (sub and group) were used in this system. The tropical forest landscape in Hainan Island was regarded as a landscape province, belonging to global tropical forest landscape zone, Asiatic (oriental) tropical forest landscape tract and Chinese tropical forest landscape subtract. Based on the grade system of region, sub-region, type-group and type, this landscape province (Hainan Island) is divided into 6 landscape regions (east moist forest landscape, west semi-arid forest landscape, central-south mountainous forest landscape, tropical evergreen needle-leaved forest landscape, tropical bamboo landscape and tropical plantation landscape), 11 tropical forest landscape sub-regions represented by tropical lowland valley rain forest landscape, 26 tropical forest landscape-type groups represented by tropical lowland valley Dipterocarpaceae forest landscape, and 54 forest landscape types (FLT) represented by lowland valley Vatica mangachapoi forest. Generally, this classification system represents the landscape diversity of the tropical forest in Hainan Island. Further studies are needed to better understand the landscape diversity of Hainan Island. 相似文献
99.
Sequence-specific triple helix formation with genomic DNA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
100.
Plasmid metagenome reveals high levels of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in activated sludge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The overuse or misuse of antibiotics has accelerated antibiotic resistance, creating a major challenge for the public health in the world. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are considered as important reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and activated sludge characterized with high microbial density and diversity facilitates ARG horizontal gene transfer (HGT) via mobile genetic elements (MGEs). However, little is known regarding the pool of ARGs and MGEs in sludge microbiome. In this study, the transposon aided capture (TRACA) system was employed to isolate novel plasmids from activated sludge of one STP in Hong Kong, China. We also used Illumina Hiseq 2000 high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics analysis to investigate the plasmid metagenome. Two novel plasmids were acquired from the sludge microbiome by using TRACA system and one novel plasmid was identified through metagenomics analysis. Our results revealed high levels of various ARGs as well as MGEs for HGT, including integrons, transposons and plasmids. The application of the TRACA system to isolate novel plasmids from the environmental metagenome, coupled with subsequent high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis, highlighted the prevalence of ARGs and MGEs in microbial community of STPs. 相似文献