抗性品系棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶的变异

用浸叶法测定了采自我国不同地区(泰安、莱阳、南京、北京和安阳)的棉蚜品系Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ对久效磷、甲胺磷、抗蚜威和灭多威等杀虫剂的抗性水平,各棉蚜品系对杀虫剂的抗性依次为Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ,Ⅱ>Ⅰ。进一步研究表明,Ⅴ和Ⅳ品系棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶对杀虫剂的敏感性显著下降,Ⅱ品系次之,Ⅲ和Ⅰ品系接近于敏感品系。Ⅴ和Ⅳ品系乙酰胆碱酯酶的Km值显著下降,表明酶发生了质的变化。不同棉蚜抗性品系的酯酶（全酯酶和羧酸酯酶）活性均显著升高,其中Ⅲ品系的酯酶活力为Ⅱ品系的2倍。Ⅴ品系羧酸酯酶Km值达2460.4 μmol/L,而Ⅳ品系仅为84.4 μmol/L,该两个品系羧酸酯酶发生了质的变化。研究结果表明,不同抗性程度的棉蚜品系均存在代谢抗性和靶标抗性。低抗水平的棉蚜品系,以代谢抗性为主,靶标抗性为辅;中抗水平的棉蚜品系,抑或由于解毒代谢酶的活性显著增强,也可能由于靶标的敏感性显著下降;而高抗水平的棉蚜品系,依赖于代谢抗性和靶标抗性的联合作用。     

人角质化细胞生长因子-2基因的克隆、表达及产物的纯化、鉴定

用高表达菌株BL21codon plus compentent cells表达重组人角质化细胞生长因子(Hkgf-2)蛋白并初步纯化和检测其活性。通过RTPCR从流产胎儿肺组织中钓取hKGF-2cDNA,将其克隆入pBV220载体质粒。在大肠杆菌BL-21codon plus compent cells中表达hKGF-2蛋白。采用亲和层析和离子交换层析分离纯化,以细胞增殖实验测定表达蛋白的生物活性。结果显示,hKGF-2蛋白在BL21中得到高效表达;hKGF-2蛋白能刺激NIH3T3细胞的增殖,具有显著的促有丝分裂活性。     

牙鲆微卫星标记的筛选及群体遗传结构分析

采用生物素-磁珠吸附微卫星与质粒二次检测相结合的方法克隆牙鲆微卫星,并利用所得到的引物分析野生群体遗传结构.共获得2805个阳性克隆,测序得到3120个含微卫星的序列.其中完美型、非完美型和混合型分别占57.97%、7.25%和34.78%.用Primer 3.0软件设计牙鲆微卫星引物,从中筛选出具稳定多态性的30对,分析中国黄海、渤海海域4个不同海区牙鲆野生群体(大连、北戴河、丹东、青岛)遗传结构.结果显示:有效等位基因数为3.93～9.94,平均为6.95;观测杂合度为0.532～0.895,平均为0.753;期望杂合度为0.635～0.902,平均为0.820;Hardy-Weinberg平衡指数(d)的变化范围为-0.247～0.512,其中7个位点表现为杂合子过剩(d>0),其余位点表现为杂合子缺失(d>0).聚类分析显示:4个群体聚为两类,大连与丹东聚为一类,北戴河与青岛聚为一类.     

The duplicated B-class MADS-box genes display dualistic characters in orchid floral organ identity and growth

Orchidaceae are an excellent model to examine perianth development because of their sophisticated floral architecture. In this study, we identified 24 APETALA3 (AP3)-like and 13 PISTILLA (PI)-like genes from 11 species of orchids and characterized them into four AP3- and two PI-duplicated homologs. The first duplication event in AP3 homologs occurring in the early evolutionary history of the Orchidaceae gave rise to AP3A and AP3B clades. Further duplication events resulted in four subclades, namely AP3A1, AP3A2, AP3B1 and AP3B2, during the evolution of Orchidaceae. The AP3 paralogous genes were expressed throughout inflorescence and floral bud development. From the in situ hybridization results, we noticed that the transition timings from ubiquitous to constrained expression in floral organs for both clades are different. The transition point of expression of the AP3A clade (clades 3 and 4) was at the late floral organ primordia stage. In contrast, that for the AP3B clade (clades 1 and 2) was not observed until the late inflorescence and floral bud stages. In addition, the AP3 orthologous genes revealed diverse expression patterns in various species of orchids, whereas the PI homologs were uniformly expressed in all floral whorls. AP3A2 orthologs play a noticeable role in lip formation because of their exclusive expression in the lip. Further evidence comes from the ectopic expression of AP3A2 detected in the lip-like petals extending from the lip in four sets of peloric mutants. Finally, a Homeotic Orchid Tepal (HOT) model is proposed, in which dualistic characters of duplicated B-class MADS-box genes are involved in orchid perianth development and growth.     

湖北省优先保护森林生态系统的分布及其保护空缺分析

基于湖北省生物多样性数据调查,以湖北省优势生态系统、特殊生态系统、特有生态系统、物种丰富度高的生态系统和特殊生境等5项指标作为评价准则,在咨询专家的基础上,借助GIS分析工具,综合分析了湖北省森林生态系统类型及分布特点。结果表明,湖北省共有261类森林生态系统类型(以群系为单位),其中有75类需要优先保护,并据此提出了湖北省优先保护森林生态系统的优先保护地区;另外,通过综合分析湖北省自然保护区的分布特点,得出湖北省优先保护森林生态系统目前所存在的保护空缺。优先保护地区可作为湖北省森林生态系统优先保护的重点地区,而空缺分析研究结果对于合理布局湖北省森林生态系统自然保护区、提高湖北省生物多样性保护的有效性具有重要参考价值。     

Notch1 Pathway Activity Determines the Regulatory Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Melanoma Growth and Invasion

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a crucial role in regulating cancer progression, yet the molecular determinant that governs the tumor regulatory role of CAF remains unknown. Using a mouse melanoma model in which exogenous melanoma cells were grafted on the skin of two lines of mice where the genetic activation or inactivation of Notch1 signaling specifically occurs in natural host stromal fibroblasts, we demonstrated that Notch1 pathway activity could determine the tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing phenotype in CAF. CAF carrying elevated Notch1 activity significantly inhibited melanoma growth and invasion, while those with a null Notch1 promoted melanoma invasion. These findings identify the Notch1 pathway as a molecular determinant that controls the regulatory role of CAF in melanoma skin growth and invasion, unveiling Notch1 signaling as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma and potentially other solid tumors.     

基于亲和度法测度湖北省植被格局多样性

以植物群系为指标,采用亲和度分析法测度湖北省的植被格局多样性。研究结果表明,湖北省植被格局的镶嵌多样性值（mosaic diversity,m）为4.071,景观复杂,不存在明显的生态梯度。根据平均亲和度（mean affini-ties,MA）,可将湖北省的植被划分为3类：第一类为中心点,位于中心点的植被比较典型和常见,对联结整个景观的各斑块起着关键的作用,包括武汉市、襄阳市、黄冈市和随州市等4个分区;第二类为外点,位于外点的植被较为珍稀,多为当地特有,对构成整个植被格局的独特性和多样性意义重大,包括鹤峰县、利川市和咸丰县等3个分区;第三类为中间点,位于中间点的植被普遍度和稀有度适中,占据了较多的生境空间,是构成整个湖北省植被格局的基础,包括黄石市、荆州市、荆门市、宜昌市等14个分区。将平均相似性值（mean similarity,MS）从中心点到外点排序,结果表明,毗邻地区相似性高,鄂东北、鄂西北、鄂东南以及江汉平原构成了整个植被格局的普遍性,鄂西南则构成其独特性。湖北省植被格局东部和西部差异较大,比较复杂。     

The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phthonandria atrilineata</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Using long-polymerase chain reaction (Long-PCR) method, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Phthonandria atrilineata. The complete mtDNA from P. atrilineata was 15,499 base pairs in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The P. atrilineata genes were in the same order and orientation as the completely sequenced mitogenomes of other lepidopteran species. The nucleotide composition of P. atrilineata mitogenome was biased toward A + T nucleotides (81.02%), and the 13 PCGs show different A + T contents that range from 73.25% (cox1) to 92.12% (atp8). Phthonandria had the canonical set of 22 tRNA genes, that fold in the typical cloverleaf structure described for metazoan mt tRNAs, with the unique exception of trnS(AGN). The phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed with the concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs of the mitochondrial genome, which confirmed that P. atrilineata is most closely related to the superfamily Bombycoidea.