陕西省鸟类调查初报

从2002年5月至2006年10月,采用路线调查法和定点调查法,对陕西省鸟类资源进行了初步的调查与研究,对过去文献记载的种类进行了修订,经过5年多的调查,目前陕西省共有鸟类465种,隶属18目69科,其中含省级鸟类新纪录37种.     

Hypoxia inhibits maturation and trafficking of hERG K channel protein: Role of Hsp90 and ROS

We previously reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during hypoxia decrease hERG current density and protein expression in HEK cells stably expressing hERG protein. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in hypoxia-induced downregulation of hERG protein. Culturing cells at low temperatures and addition of chemical chaperones during hypoxia restored hERG expression and currents to normoxic levels while antiarrhythmic drugs, which selectively block hERG channels, had no effect on hERG protein levels. Pulse chase studies showed that hypoxia blocks maturation of the core glycosylated form in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the fully glycosylated form on the cell surface. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that hypoxia inhibited interaction of hERG with Hsp90 chaperone required for maturation, which was restored in the presence of ROS scavengers. These results demonstrate that ROS generated during hypoxia prevents maturation of the hERG protein by inhibiting Hsp90 interaction resulting in decreased protein expression and currents.     

川西亚高山红桦-岷江冷杉林优势种群的空间格局分析

以红桦-岷江冷杉林4 hm²样地调查数据为基础,采用点格局分析法O-ring函数,分析了红桦和岷江冷杉2个优势种群不同龄级的空间分布格局,以及各龄级间的种内和种间关联性.结果表明：红桦种群径级分布呈单峰型,为衰退种群;岷江冷杉种群径级分布呈倒“J”型,为进展种群.岷江冷杉与红桦大树在所有尺度上均为随机分布,其余龄级在小尺度上为聚集分布,随尺度增大趋于随机分布和均匀分布,最大聚集强度随龄级增大而减弱.空间关联主要发生在小尺度上.岷江冷杉种内关联以小尺度正关联为主,红桦种内关联以小尺度负关联为主.对于2个种群的相同龄级,小龄级、中龄级和大龄级间,分别以空间无关联、负关联和无关联为主.2个种群间不同龄级间以负关联为主,龄级相差越大,其负关联越强.     

Contrasting Mode of Evolution at a Coat Color Locus in Wild and Domestic Pigs

Despite having only begun ~10,000 years ago, the process of domestication has resulted in a degree of phenotypic variation within individual species normally associated with much deeper evolutionary time scales. Though many variable traits found in domestic animals are the result of relatively recent human-mediated selection, uncertainty remains as to whether the modern ubiquity of long-standing variable traits such as coat color results from selection or drift, and whether the underlying alleles were present in the wild ancestor or appeared after domestication began. Here, through an investigation of sequence diversity at the porcine melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) locus, we provide evidence that wild and domestic pig (Sus scrofa) haplotypes from China and Europe are the result of strikingly different selection pressures, and that coat color variation is the result of intentional selection for alleles that appeared after the advent of domestication. Asian and European wild boar (evolutionarily distinct subspecies) differed only by synonymous substitutions, demonstrating that camouflage coat color is maintained by purifying selection. In domestic pigs, however, each of nine unique mutations altered the amino acid sequence thus generating coat color diversity. Most domestic MC1R alleles differed by more than one mutation from the wild-type, implying a long history of strong positive selection for coat color variants, during which time humans have cherry-picked rare mutations that would be quickly eliminated in wild contexts. This pattern demonstrates that coat color phenotypes result from direct human selection and not via a simple relaxation of natural selective pressures.     

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)在小鼠卵母细胞成熟过程中的表达及作用

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)是一种Ser/Thr激酶,属于PIKK超家族,对调节细胞周期、蛋白质合成等具有重要作用,是细胞生长、增殖、分化、凋亡的中心调控器,但在哺乳动物卵母细胞中的研究还未见报道．以小鼠卵母细胞为研究对象,采用免疫荧光为主要研究方法,对mTOR在小鼠卵母细胞中的表达进行研究,并通过mTOR的特异性抑制剂雷帕霉素( rapamycin,RAPA )对卵母细胞进行处理,对mTOR在卵母细胞成熟过程中的作用进行研究．结果显示：小鼠卵母细胞成熟过程中,生发泡( germinal vesicle,GV )期mTOR主要集中在核膜处表达,生发泡破裂 ( germinal vesicle breakdown,GVBD )后mTOR伴随染色体分布,第二次减数分裂中期( second metaphase,MⅡ期 ) mTOR伴随纺锤体分布;雷帕霉素处理后,小鼠卵母细胞的成熟受到抑制,且这种抑制作用具有浓度依赖性,同时其mTOR的表达部位和形态也发生变化．研究表明,在小鼠卵母细胞成熟过程中,mTOR在各个时期的表达及分布具有阶段特异性,并对小鼠卵母细胞GVBD的发生和第一极体的排放都具有重要作用．     

Origin and domestication history of Peking ducks deltermined through microsatellite and mitochondrial marker analysis

In order to elucidate the domestication history of Peking ducks, 190 blood samples from six Chinese indigenous duck breeds were collected with186 individualsgenotyped by 15 microsatellite markers. Both the F_ST and Nei’s standard genetic distances (D_s) from the microsatellite data indicated high genetic differentiation between Peking duck and other Chinese indigenous breeds. The haplotype network with mtDNA data showed that most of the Peking duck haplotypes were distinctly different from those of other domestic breeds. Although the H01 haplotype was shared by all domesticated duck breeds, Peking ducks displayed 12 specific domestic duck haplotypes, including four similar haplotypes H02, H04, H08 and H22, that formed a single haplogroup (A). Both H02 and H22 haplotypes were also shared by mallard and Peking ducks, indicating that Peking ducks originated from wild mallard ducks.     

Mimotopes selected with a neutralizing antibody against urease B from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicobacter pylori</Emphasis>induce enzyme inhibitory antibodies in mice upon vaccination

Background  

Urease B is an important virulence factor that is required for Helicobacter pylori to colonise the gastric mucosa. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that inhibit urease B enzymatic activity will be useful as vaccines for the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection. Here, we produced murine mAbs against urease B that neutralize the enzyme's activity. We mapped their epitopes by phage display libraries and investigated the immunogenicity of the selected mimotopes in vivo.     

基于灰色关联度分析的辽西地区典型种植模式评价

不同种植模式评价是当今种植制度研究中的热点之一,针对辽西地区自然特点和种植模式混杂多样的现状,在多年试验研究和专家问卷调查的基础上,采用灰色关联度分析方法对辽西地区6种典型种植模式进行了评价。结果表明:无论是在等权关联度下还是在侧重生态环境指标或经济指标的变权重下,南果梨+南瓜种植模式与参考模式的关联度均为最大,分别为0.867、0.920和0.841,南果梨+花生种植模式次之,说明南果梨+南瓜‖花生的林粮间作模式的生态和经济效益最好,是辽西地区发展种植业的最佳模式,玉米/大豆间作模式的关联度最小,分别为0.848、0.901和0.821,这种模式的生态和经济效益最差。该研究结果对保护辽西地区生态环境,发展多熟立体农业,推动该区域的社会经济与环境的协调发展提供了理论依据。     

芽胞杆菌治疗幽门螺杆菌感染疗效的Meta分析

目的 评价芽胞杆菌(Bacillus)联合根除标准疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染的有效性。 方法 收集关于芽胞杆菌联合治疗H.pylori感染的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限为建库至2020年5月;对符合纳入标准的研究进行偏倚风险评价及Meta分析。 结果 最终纳入14个RCT。Meta分析结果显示芽胞杆菌联合治疗能提高H.pylori根除率(ITT分析:RR=1.13,95% CI:1.08~1.18,P结论 芽胞杆菌联合疗法能有利于提高H.pylori根除率,并降低总不良反应的发生,相对于标准疗法有一定的意义。