电刺激大马蹄蝠听皮层对下丘神经元听觉敏感性的影响

实验在１２只大马蹄蝠上进行。用常规电生理学方法研究了电刺激听皮层对下丘２１２个神经元的听反应的影响,结果表明,有３２个神经元的听反应被抑制,１９个神经元的听反应褐易化。     

A revolutionary tool: CRISPR technology plays an important role in construction of intelligentized gene circuits

With the development of synthetic biology, synthetic gene circuits have shown great applied potential in medicine, biology, and as commodity chemicals. An ultimate challenge in the construction of gene circuits is the lack of effective, programmable, secure and sequence‐specific gene editing tools. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system, a CRISPR‐associated RNA‐guided endonuclease Cas9 (CRISPR‐associated protein 9)‐targeted genome editing tool, has recently been applied in engineering gene circuits for its unique properties‐operability, high efficiency and programmability. The traditional single‐targeted therapy cannot effectively distinguish tumour cells from normal cells, and gene therapy for single targets has poor anti‐tumour effects, which severely limits the application of gene therapy. Currently, the design of gene circuits using tumour‐specific targets based on CRISPR/Cas systems provides a new way for precision cancer therapy. Hence, the application of intelligentized gene circuits based on CRISPR technology effectively guarantees the safety, efficiency and specificity of cancer therapy. Here, we assessed the use of synthetic gene circuits and if the CRISPR system could be used, especially artificial switch‐inducible Cas9, to more effectively target and treat tumour cells. Moreover, we also discussed recent advances, prospectives and underlying challenges in CRISPR‐based gene circuit development.     

竹叶黄酮缓解异氟醚引起的老年大鼠认知功能障碍

研究竹叶黄酮对异氟醚吸入诱发老年大鼠神经细胞凋亡及认知功能障碍的影响.分离培养原代海马神经细胞,暴露于体积分数为2%异氟醚6 h后,分别给予50、80及100 mg/L竹叶黄酮处理,MTT法检测细胞增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况.大鼠经吸入1.4%体积的异氟醚2 h后,分别于1~5 d连续腹腔注射25、50、100 mg/kg竹叶黄酮,于第6天进行水迷宫实验检测大鼠空间学习记忆能力,ELISA法检测海马组织匀浆中的Aβ1-42、TNF-α、INF-γ含量.结果发现,竹叶黄酮可显著促进海马神经细胞的增殖,并且抑制异氟醚所致的海马神经细胞凋亡.与异氟醚单独处理组相比较,各浓度竹叶黄酮可显著降低大鼠逃避潜伏期并增加大鼠过台次数,ELISA结果显示竹叶黄酮可显著抑制海马组织中Aβ1-42、TNF-α及INF-γ的表达.表明竹叶黄酮可增强大鼠抗炎能力,抑制海马组织中Aβ1-42的产生,从而抑制异氟醚所致的老年大鼠神经损伤及认知功能障碍.     

Genome sequence of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) provides insights into grass evolution and biofuel potential

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), a member of the Poaceae grass family, is an important food and fodder crop in arid regions and has potential for use as a C(4) biofuel. It is a model system for other biofuel grasses, including switchgrass and pearl millet. We produced a draft genome (～423 Mb) anchored onto nine chromosomes and annotated 38,801 genes. Key chromosome reshuffling events were detected through collinearity identification between foxtail millet, rice and sorghum including two reshuffling events fusing rice chromosomes 7 and 9, 3 and 10 to foxtail millet chromosomes 2 and 9, respectively, that occurred after the divergence of foxtail millet and rice, and a single reshuffling event fusing rice chromosome 5 and 12 to foxtail millet chromosome 3 that occurred after the divergence of millet and sorghum. Rearrangements in the C(4) photosynthesis pathway were also identified.     

凤眼莲根区异养细菌的群落特征与异养活性的研究

本文研究了凤眼莲根区(根际与根面)异养细菌的群落特征与异养活性。从根区分离出24株优势菌,经鉴定有10个属。其中以气单胞菌属、微球菌属、假单胞菌属、土壤杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属为主要菌属。细菌总数:根际>根面>水体。异养活性以氧化葡萄糖的速率计算。在30℃和pH7.0的条件下。根区菌群都显示较高的活性,且按下列顺序增强:老根区菌群>幼根区菌群>枯根区菌群;而根面菌群活性均大于根际菌群。但在10℃和pH5.0、8.6时,其活性明显地受到抑制。     

浙江北雁荡山野生蕨类植物资源

对浙江北雁荡山的蕨类植物进行专题研究。浙江乐清北雁荡山共有蕨类植物147种,隶属于37科70属。蕨类植物物种密度为42.13/100 km2。比西双版纳的密度1.71/100 km2要高。远大于全国蕨类植物密度0.027/1 000 km2,是我国东南沿海蕨类植物物种密度较高的地区之一。按照用途分为药用、食用、观赏和其他用途4大类型。并记录本地常用蕨类的俗名,统计草药市场药用蕨类资源销售量,为进一步开发利用蕨类植物资源提出建议。     

炭疽菌保护性抗原受体结合区的表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

原核表达炭疽杆菌保护性抗原受体结合区并制备该蛋白的多克隆抗体.从炭疽芽胞杆菌A16R中经PCR扩增得到了炭疽菌保护性抗原(PA)受体结合区基因,即PA的第四结构域(PA-D4),将其克隆至含有6×His编码序列的原核表达载体pET-2b(+)中,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下进行蛋白表达;用HiTrapTM Chelating HP柱纯化重组蛋白,Western blot进一步鉴定;以纯化后的蛋白为抗原,免疫新西兰大耳白兔制备该蛋白的多克隆抗体;用ELISA和Western blot检测抗血清.结果表明,目的蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得了可溶性表达,纯化后纯度可达90%以上;制备了针对PA-D4融合蛋白的高效价抗血清,ELISA抗体滴度为1∶ 102 400;其抗体能特异性识别内源性的PA.PA-D4重组蛋白及其多克隆抗体的获得,为后续研究其功能和炭疽疫苗免疫保护机制奠定了基础.     

杨树花药培养筛选耐盐变异体的研究

以杨树花药为外植体诱导单倍体愈伤组织,进行耐氯化钠和碱性盐（模仿天然盐碱土成份配成的几种盐的混合物）变异体的筛选。结果表明,不同的杨树品种对这两种选择剂的耐性是不同的,分化态愈伤组织比脱分化态愈伤组织显示更强的抗性,不同的花氏愈伤组织无性系间在抗盐能力上也存在差异,对再生植株的叶子和愈伤组织进行过氧化物同工酶分析,发现耐盐变异体与对照的酶谱是有差异的,前者比后者在相同带区常常多出一条谱带。     

Palmitic acid induces human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy

Palmitic acid (PA) is the most common saturated long-chain fatty acid in food that causes cell apoptosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of PA toxicity. In this study, we explore the effects of PA on proliferation and apoptosis in human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells and uncover the signaling pathways involved in the process. Our study showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy are involved in PA-induced Saos-2 cell apoptosis. We found that PA inhibited the viability of Saos-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. At the same time, PA induced the expression of ER stress marker genes (glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)), altered autophagy-related gene expression (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), ATG5, p62, and Beclin), promoted apoptosis-related gene expression (Caspase 3 and BAX), and affected autophagic flux. Inhibiting ER stress with 4-PBA diminished the PA-induced cell apoptosis, activated autophagy, and increased the expression of Caspase 3 and BAX. Inhibiting autophagy with 3-MA attenuated the PA and ER stress-induced cell apoptosis and the apoptosis-related gene expression (Caspase 3 and BAX), but seemed to have no obvious effects on ER stress, although the CHOP expression was downregulated. Taken together, our results suggest that PA-induced Saos-2 cell apoptosis is activated via ER stress and autophagy, and the activation of autophagy depends on the ER stress during this process.     

生物传感器在环境污染监测中的应用研究

简要介绍了生物传感器的基本组成、工作原理、分类及特点、重点论述了生物传感器在环境污染监测方面应用的研究进展。