肉及肉制品中空肠弯曲菌的污染情况调查

我们对辽宁地区肉及肉制品进行弯曲杆菌属检查,发现12.9%(23/177)的样品为弯曲杆菌属阳性.经API Campy鉴定系统鉴定,其中26.1%(6/23)为空肠弯曲菌(C.jejuni)阳性,同时发现1株大肠弯曲菌.该调查证实,辽宁地区进出口的肉及肉制品中,存在空肠弯曲菌的污染,如果销售不当或再加工卫生不良,会对消费者的健康构成潜在威胁.     

植物的水容特征与其耐旱性的关系

在自然风晾条件下,研究了不同植物器官的相对含水量、水势及比水容之间的相互关系。结果表明：植物叶片阻止体内蒸腾失水的能力大小顺序依次为：花生（Arrachishypogaea）＞甘薯（Ipomoeabatatas）＞大豆（Glycinemax）＞玉米（Zeamays）,各植物茎的保水能力相差不大;甘薯的茎、叶在风晾4h后仍未永久凋萎,其他植物的茎、叶在风晾1～3h就出现永久凋萎;花生、甘薯、大豆和玉米叶片风晚3～4h后,其水势的下降幅度分别为：1．00,1．30,1．80和2．70mPa,花生、甘薯、大豆茎的水势下降幅度分别为：1．95,1.40和1．30mPa;植物茎、叶的水势与其相对含水量具有较好的对数关系;植株茎、叶的比水客值范围在0．0258～0．6835mPa-1之间,叶片的比水容大于茎的比水容。因此,植物的水容特征表明不同植物茎、叶的保水、释水能力不同,因而其耐旱、抗旱性不同。玉米和大豆的耐旱性小于花生、甘薯的耐旱性。     

Methylation protects miRNAs and siRNAs from a 3'-end uridylation activity in Arabidopsis

Small RNAs of 21-25 nucleotides (nt), including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), act as guide RNAs to silence target-gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. In addition to a Dicer homolog, DCL1, the biogenesis of miRNAs in Arabidopsis requires another protein, HEN1. miRNAs are reduced in abundance and increased in size in hen1 mutants. We found that HEN1 is a miRNA methyltransferase that adds a methyl group to the 3'-most nucleotide of miRNAs, but the role of miRNA methylation was unknown. Here, we show that siRNAs from sense transgenes, hairpin transgenes, and transposons or repeat sequences, as well as a new class of siRNAs known as trans-acting siRNAs, are also methylated in vivo by HEN1. In addition, we show that the size increase of small RNAs in the hen1-1 mutant is due to the addition of one to five U residues to the 3' ends of the small RNAs. Therefore, a novel uridylation activity targets the 3' ends of unmethylated miRNAs and siRNAs in hen1 mutants. We conclude that 3'-end methylation is a common step in miRNA and siRNA metabolism and likely protects the 3' ends of the small RNAs from the uridylation activity.     

PCR技术在食品微生物检测中的应用

PCR技术以其高强的特异性和灵敏度以及检测速度快、准确性好等优点,广泛地应用在食品微生物检测的各个领域,尤其对培养困难的细菌检测和抗原结构复杂的细菌鉴定方面。介绍了几种PCR方法的原理,以及其在食品微生物检测中的应用情况。     

尾叶桉人工林生物量和生产力的研究

按径级标准木法测定了尾叶桉（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓ ｕｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ）器官生物量,建立了林木器官干重（ｗ）与胸径和树高（Ｄ＾３Ｈ）关系的相对生长方程,进而计算出尾叶桉林分的生物量和生产力。结果表明：东门林场１０年生尾叶桉人工林平均生物量为１４４．８５ｔ ｈｍ＾２,各器官生物量的在小序列为：干材（７１．６９％）〉根（１４．２１％）〉皮）７．９９％）〉枝（４．７１％）〉叶（４．７１％）〉叶（１．４０％     

同尾酶技术在构建疟疾多价重组DNA疫苗中的应用

同尾酶是一类识别不同核苷酸序列但能酶切产生相同粘性末端的限制性内切酶,依靠同尾酶的这种特性,可以根据需要将不同的ＤＮＡ 片段进行灵活组合,获得各种排列顺序的多价表位重组疫苗．将这种方法用于疟疾多价重组ＤＮＡ 疫苗的研制;ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ 小鼠免疫实验对所得重组疫苗ＰＵ２８６的免疫原性进行了测定．     

亚热带常绿树种对不同粒径颗粒物的滞留能力

可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物是大部分城市的首要污染物,对人体健康和环境都有重要影响;而城市植物能吸附大气颗粒物,进而有效降低大气颗粒物浓度。为了深入探究不同树种叶表面特征与自身滞尘效益之间的关系,该研究以浙江省三种常见城市绿化树种(青冈、冬青、红花檵木)为对象,采用重量法提取各样本在3个粒径上(8~100,2.5~8,0.45~2.5μm)的单位叶面积滞尘量(μg·cm~(-2)),并结合叶面积指数估测全株滞尘量。结果表明:三种供试植物叶片对颗粒物平均单位叶面积滞留量在30.4~63.7μg·cm~(-2)之间,而平均单木滞尘量每株在1.36-9.36 g之间。红花檵木因其叶表粗糙、具有绒毛等特征,对颗粒物(0.45~100μm)有最大的吸附能力(63.74±12.0μg·cm~(-2));对于大颗粒物(8~100μm)和细颗粒物(0.45~2.5μm),三种植物叶片均对其分别具有最大(40.9%~57.5%)、最小(15.6%~20.6%)的吸附能力;对于单木滞尘量,青冈因其具有较大叶面积指数等特征,对颗粒物总吸附效果更佳(每株9.36g)。该研究结果表明城市绿化树种对减缓大气颗粒物污染起到重要作用。     

PNAS-4 expression and its relationship to p53 in colorectal cancer

PNAS-4 is a novel pro-apoptotic protein activated during the early response to DNA damage; however, the molecular mechanisms and pathways regulating PNAS-4 expression in tumors are not well understood. We hypothesized that PNAS-4 is a p53 down-stream target gene and designed this study. We searched online for putative p53-binding sites in the entire PNAS-4 gene and did not find any corresponding information. In HCT116 colon cancer cells, after being transfected with small interfering RNA to silence p53, the expressions of PNAS-4 and other known p53 target gene (Apaf1, Bax, Fas and Dr5) were determined by real-time PCR. We found that PNAS-4 was up-regulated while Apaf1, Bax, Fas and Dr5 were down-regulated. We then examined the expression of PNAS-4 and p53 mutation in colorectal cancer patients. PNAS-4 expressed both in colorectal cancers and normal tissues, but compared with paired control, PNAS-4 was up-regulated in cancers (P = 0.018). PNAS-4 overexpression ratios were correlated to the p53 mutant status (P = 0.001). The mean PNAS-4 expression levels of p53 mutant homozygote group and heterozygote group were higher than that of p53 wild type group (P = 0.013). The expression ratios of PNAS-4 (every sample in relative to its paired normal mucosa) were different between negative lymph node metastasis (66% up-regulated, 34% down-regulated) and positive metastasis (42% up-regulated, 58% down-regulated). Taken together, these findings suggested that PNAS-4 was not a p53 target, but overexpression of PNAS-4 was correlated to p53 inactivity in colorectal cancer.     

微生物角蛋白酶的分子生物学研究进展

角蛋白酶具有分解角蛋白的活性,在饲料,食品加工,环境废物处理等方面,具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了微生物角蛋白酶的来源,角蛋白酶的理化性质,作用机理,基因分离和表达等分子生物学和基因工程研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望,对其今后的发展趋势进行了讨论。