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81.
A subsystem impactor test for pedestrian lower limb injury evaluation has been brought in China New Car Assessment Protocol(CNCAP).Concerning large anthropometr... 相似文献
82.
Yi‐Zhe Zhang Juncheng Lin Zhizhong Ren Chun‐Xiang Chen Daisuke Miki Si‐Si Xie Jian Zhang Ya‐Nan Chang Jing Jiang Jun Yan Qingshun Q. Li Jian‐Kang Zhu Cheng‐Guo Duan 《植物学报(英文版)》2021,63(4):707-722
Heterochromatin is widespread in eukaryotic genomes and has diverse impacts depending on its genomic context. Previous studies have shown that a protein complex, the ASI1‐AIPP1‐EDM2 (AAE) complex, participates in polyadenylation regulation of several intronic heterochromatin‐containing genes. However, the genome‐wide functions of AAE are still unknown. Here, we show that the ASI1 and EDM2 mostly target the common genomic regions on a genome‐wide level and preferentially interacts with genetic heterochromatin. Polyadenylation (poly(A) sequencing reveals that AAE complex has a substantial influence on poly(A) site usage of heterochromatin‐containing genes, including not only intronic heterochromatin‐containing genes but also the genes showing overlap with heterochromatin. Intriguingly, AAE is also involved in the alternative splicing regulation of a number of heterochromatin‐overlapping genes, such as the disease resistance gene RPP4. We provided evidence that genic heterochromatin is indispensable for the recruitment of AAE in polyadenylation and splicing regulation. In addition to conferring RNA processing regulation at genic heterochromatin‐containing genes, AAE also targets some transposable elements (TEs) outside of genes (including TEs sandwiched by genes and island TEs) for epigenetic silencing. Our results reveal new functions of AAE in RNA processing and epigenetic silencing, and thus represent important advances in epigenetic regulation. 相似文献
83.
【目的】土壤中磷素供应不足是造成马尾松林地力衰退的原因之一。本研究对前期从马尾松根际土样中分离筛选出的一株解磷能力较强的嗜松青霉JP-NJ4的解无机磷及解有机磷能力进行探讨。【方法】探究嗜松青霉JP-NJ4对4种无机磷源及2种有机磷源的降解能力,并对其分泌的有机酸和酶类进行测定,对其解磷特性进行初步分析。【结果】表明JP-NJ4菌株可在4种不同无机磷源的培养基中生长,其中对磷酸钙[Ca3(PO4)2]的解磷效果最好,对4种磷源的解磷能力大小为:磷酸钙磷酸铝磷酸氢钙磷酸铁;其分泌的有机酸种类主要为葡萄糖酸、草酸及丙二酸;JP-NJ4菌株的磷酸酶活性较高,并具有一定的植酸酶活性;同时对草甘膦具有较好的生物降解功能,降解率达49.6%。【结论】嗜松青霉JP-NJ4解磷能力受磷源的结构组成影响,且解磷能力与发酵液pH值呈负相关关系;该菌株分泌的葡萄糖酸和草酸对磷酸钙及磷酸铝的溶解效果较明显。本研究供试菌株嗜松青霉JP-NJ4具有良好的解磷功能,在作为林业生物菌肥方面具有极大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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85.
生防放线菌Ahn75的荧光标记及其在水稻中的定殖 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
【背景】目前gfp标记基因已成为研究靶标微生物与宿主之间互作的一种重要工具。利用gfp基因标记生防菌株,可以对生防菌株的生存及定殖能力进行有效追踪。【目的】对生防放线菌Ahn75进行荧光标记,探讨其在水稻中的定殖规律,为研究Ahn75的稻瘟病防治机制奠定基础。【方法】首先通过电激转化将含绿色荧光标记基因(gfp)的质粒pIJ8655导入大肠杆菌ET12567中,然后采用接合转移的方法将gfp整合到Ahn75基因组上;通过平板对峙试验检验Ahn75-GFP在标记绿色荧光后对稻瘟病病原菌的抑菌活性;采用喷施孢子液的方式将带荧光标记的Ahn75-GFP定殖水稻,并利用荧光显微镜观察生防菌在水稻中的定殖情况;对定殖水稻中的内生菌进行重分离,探究菌株在水稻组织中的分布规律。【结果】PCR扩增和荧光观察表明,绿色荧光标记基因成功整合到生防放线菌Ahn75中。通过平板对峙试验,发现Ahn75-GFP对稻瘟病病原菌抑菌活性与原始菌株没有显著差别。在荧光显微镜下,可以观察到Ahn75-GFP能稳定定殖于水稻的根、茎、叶等组织中,而水稻内生菌重分离试验表明该菌株在茎中的定殖力最强。【结论】获得一株绿色荧光标记生防菌株Ahn75-GFP,结果显示该菌株定殖水稻效果良好,这对于研究Ahn75的稻瘟病防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
86.
Yu Shang Li Li Tengfei Zhang Qingping Luo Qingzhong Yu Zhe Zeng Lintao Li Miaomiao Jia Guoyi Tang Sanlin Fan Qin Lu Wenting Zhang Yuhan Xue Hongling Wang Wei Liu Hongcai Wang Rongrong Zhang Chan Ding Huabin Shao Guoyuan Wen 《PLoS pathogens》2022,18(6)
The development of thermostable vaccines can relieve the bottleneck of existing vaccines caused by thermal instability and subsequent poor efficacy, which is one of the predominant reasons for the millions of deaths caused by vaccine-preventable diseases. Research into the mechanism of viral thermostability may provide strategies for developing thermostable vaccines. Using Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as model, we identified the negative surface charge of attachment glycoprotein as a novel determinant of viral thermostability. It prevented the temperature-induced aggregation of glycoprotein and subsequent detachment from virion surface. Then structural stability of virion surface was improved and virus could bind to and infect cells efficiently after heat-treatment. Employing the approach of surface charge engineering, thermal stability of NDV and influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines was successfully improved. The increase in the level of vaccine thermal stability was determined by the value-added in the negative surface charge of the attachment glycoprotein. The engineered live and inactivated vaccines could be used efficiently after storage at 37°C for at least 10 and 60 days, respectively. Thus, our results revealed a novel surface-charge-mediated link between HN protein and NDV thermostability, which could be used to design thermal stable NDV and IAV vaccines rationally. 相似文献
87.
88.
Kathy Darragh Gabriela Montejo‐Kovacevich Krzysztof M. Kozak Colin R. Morrison Clarisse M. E. Figueiredo Jonathan S. Ready Camilo Salazar Mauricio Linares Kelsey J. R. P. Byers Richard M. Merrill W. Owen McMillan Stefan Schulz Chris D. Jiggins 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(9):3895-3918
In many animals, mate choice is important for the maintenance of reproductive isolation between species. Traits important for mate choice and behavioral isolation are predicted to be under strong stabilizing selection within species; however, such traits can also exhibit variation at the population level driven by neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes. Here, we describe patterns of divergence among androconial and genital chemical profiles at inter‐ and intraspecific levels in mimetic Heliconius butterflies. Most variation in chemical bouquets was found between species, but there were also quantitative differences at the population level. We found a strong correlation between interspecific chemical and genetic divergence, but this correlation varied in intraspecific comparisons. We identified “indicator” compounds characteristic of particular species that included compounds already known to elicit a behavioral response, suggesting an approach for identification of candidate compounds for future behavioral studies in novel systems. Overall, the strong signal of species identity suggests a role for these compounds in species recognition, but with additional potentially neutral variation at the population level. 相似文献
89.
流行性出血热地鼠肾细胞灭活疫苗人体试用细胞免疫反应观察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
观察了20位志愿者在接种试验性流行性出血热(EHF)地鼠肾细胞(GHKC)双价灭活疫苗后的细胞免疫反应,并以其体液免疫反应作对照观察。用淋巴细胞转化试验测定细胞免疫水平。结果首针疫苗接种后42天和56天,特异性刺激指数(SSI)和非特异性刺激指数(NSI)均较免疫前显著增高(P_(SSI)<0.001;P_(NSI)<0.02),免疫后SSI累计阳转率为100%,NSI累计阳转率为60%,免疫后6个月二者均降低至正常水平。免疫后56天测定抗体,荧光抗体阳转率为100%;微量感染性中和试验表明,针对家鼠型病毒L99株中和抗体阳转率为95%,而针对野鼠型病毒JR株阳转率为65%。 相似文献
90.
Improving the phenotype predictions of a yeast genome‐scale metabolic model by incorporating enzymatic constraints 下载免费PDF全文
Avlant Nilsson Petri‐Jaan Lahtvee Eduard J Kerkhoven Jens Nielsen 《Molecular systems biology》2017,13(8)
Genome‐scale metabolic models (GEMs) are widely used to calculate metabolic phenotypes. They rely on defining a set of constraints, the most common of which is that the production of metabolites and/or growth are limited by the carbon source uptake rate. However, enzyme abundances and kinetics, which act as limitations on metabolic fluxes, are not taken into account. Here, we present GECKO, a method that enhances a GEM to account for enzymes as part of reactions, thereby ensuring that each metabolic flux does not exceed its maximum capacity, equal to the product of the enzyme's abundance and turnover number. We applied GECKO to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae GEM and demonstrated that the new model could correctly describe phenotypes that the previous model could not, particularly under high enzymatic pressure conditions, such as yeast growing on different carbon sources in excess, coping with stress, or overexpressing a specific pathway. GECKO also allows to directly integrate quantitative proteomics data; by doing so, we significantly reduced flux variability of the model, in over 60% of metabolic reactions. Additionally, the model gives insight into the distribution of enzyme usage between and within metabolic pathways. The developed method and model are expected to increase the use of model‐based design in metabolic engineering. 相似文献