小麦倒春寒研究现状与进展

由于全球气候变暖,近年来小麦低温灾害事件频发,尤其是拔节-孕穗期的倒春寒灾害已成为制约小麦产量和品质的重要因素之一。本文综述了小麦倒春寒灾害的发生特点(鉴定与分级、时空特征),倒春寒对小麦生理特性(叶片、茎秆、穗部、根系)和产量、质量的影响,总结了抗倒春寒小麦育种、倒春寒危害的分子生物学机制及灾害的监测预警与风险评估等方面的研究进展,并从小麦抗倒春寒遗传基础、倒春寒危害小麦评价体系和防控技术体系等方面进行了展望,以期为抗倒春寒小麦品种的遗传改良和栽培调控新措施的建立提供理论依据。     

Sustainability of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Humoral Immune Responses in COVID-19 Patients from Hospitalization to Convalescence Over Six Months

Virologica Sinica - Understanding the persistence of antibody in convalescent COVID-19 patients may help to answer the current major concerns such as the risk of reinfection, the protection period...     

酵母杂交系统在CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统脱靶率研究中的应用*

目的:为提高CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9)靶向性奠定基础,同时证明酵母杂交系统在研究CRISPR/Cas9脱靶效应中的应用价值。方法:以实验室前期构建成功的activase基因编辑水稻株为研究对象,先采用T7核酸内切酶Ⅰ法初步预测30株基因编辑水稻株的脱靶率。随后以酵母杂交系统进一步预测脱靶率以及研究sgRNA结构对脱靶率的影响。首先,将activase靶向基因的标准sgRNA(standard sgRNA)和短sgRNA(truncated sgRNA)分别克隆至CRISPR/Cas9系统表达载体pDW3769中,构建对应的重组载体pHZ2和pHZ4,转化至YPH499酵母单倍体形成重组酵母YpHZ2和YpHZ4;其次,根据脱靶位点预测选择7组脱靶序列A、B、C、D、E、F、G以及靶向序列,分别克隆至包含报告基因mCherry的高拷贝载体pDW3133和低拷贝载体pDW3134,构建相应的高拷贝重组载体pHZ5、pHZ7、pHZ9、pHZ11、pHZ13、pHZ15、pHZ17和pHZ19,以及对应的低拷贝重组载体pHZ6、pHZ8、pHZ10、pHZ12、pHZ14、pHZ16、pHZ18和pHZ20,转化至YPH500酵母单倍体,构建重组酵母YpHZ5-20。随后,重组酵母YpHZ2和YpHZ4与重组酵母YpHZ5-20分别杂交,挑取双倍体酵母菌落,在不同的时间段下检测荧光数值,根据荧光值定量预测脱靶率。结果:酵母培养144~192 h时荧光最为显著,脱靶序列sgRNA与靶向基因sgRNA同源性越高,越易造成脱靶,但短sgRNA较标准sgRNA脱靶率低。根据水稻植株的脱靶检测显示脱靶率约20%,基于酵母杂交的检测结果显示脱靶率为20%~28%。结论:酵母细胞进入稳定期时荧光值最为显著,且与载体的拷贝数量成正比。sgRNA序列以及长短结构可影响CRISPR/Cas9的基因靶向性。两种方法的脱靶率预测结果相当,表明酵母杂交系统在评价CRISPR/Cas9系统的脱靶率以及研究脱靶影响因素中具有良好的应用价值。     

基于CRISPR/Cas生物传感原理的病原菌检测技术研究进展*

病原菌的快速准确检测是实现疫情高效防控、疾病精准治疗、污染环境及时处置的关键。而现有的病原菌现场快速检测技术,主要以定性分析为主,假阳性/假阴性受到诟病,检测准确性仍有待提升,亟待发展基于新原理、新方法的病原菌快速检测技术。基于CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)的生物传感技术因具有高灵活性(对不同的基因靶点只需改变crRNA序列)、高特异性(单碱基分辨)、高灵敏(优于10^-18 mol/L浓度)、可编程、可模块化、低成本、可在各种体外介质中高效稳定运行等独特优势,打破了传统分子诊断与检测技术的局限性,正在成为下一代病原菌检测技术的引领者。在该技术中,Cas效应蛋白被用作高特异性的序列识别元件,结合不同的生物传感机制,即可用于病原菌的高特异性快速灵敏检测。在总结CRISPR/Cas生物传感技术原理的基础上,综述了用于病原菌检测的CRISPR/Cas12和CRISPR/Cas13生物传感技术研究进展。通过阐述CRISPR/Cas生物传感技术在实际应用中面临的挑战,展望其未来的发展前景。     

黑木耳‘高原云耳2号’的选育

‘高原云耳2号’由采自云南省普洱市景东县哀牢山的一株野生黑木耳多次分离和反复驯化,通过连续6年的系统选育、评价筛选而育成。该品种为中早熟、广温广适型新品种。子实体多单生,小口出耳单片率高,耳片厚、大小适中、边缘圆整、质地硬脆,背面青灰至灰黑色、腹面黑色、有光泽,耳脉少,平均产量55-65g/袋,商品性佳,抗性强。适于1 500-2 200m高海拔地区立体袋栽。     

Understanding the “SMART” features of hematopoietic stem cells and beyond

Science China Life Sciences - Since the huge success of bone marrow transplantation technology in clinical practice, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have become the gold standard for defining the...     

Molecular deconvolution of the neutralizing antibodies induced by an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine

Dear Editor, The rapid emergence and persistence of the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has had enormous impacts on global health and the economy.Effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic,and multiple vaccines have been found to be efficacious in preventing symptomatic COVID-19(Polack et al.,2020;Wu et al.,2020;Jones and Roy,2021).We have developed a traditional beta-propiolactone-inacti-vated aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV),which elicited protective immune responses in clinical trials (Wang et al.,2020;Xia et al.,2021).The vaccine has been granted conditional approvals or emergency use authorizations (EUAs) in China and other countries.     

Dissolvable Gelatin-Based Microcarriers Generated through Droplet Microfluidics for Expansion and Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Microcarriers are synthetic particles used in bioreactor-based cell manufacturing of anchorage-dependent cells to promote proliferation at efficient physical volumes, mainly by increasing the surface area-to-volume ratio. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adherent cells that are used for numerous clinical trials of autologous and allogeneic cell therapy, thus requiring avenues for large-scale cell production at efficiently low volumes and cost. Here, a dissolvable gelatin-based microcarrier is developed for MSC expansion. This novel microcarrier shows comparable cell attachment efficiency and proliferation rate when compared to several commercial microcarriers, but with higher harvesting yield due to the direct dissolution of microcarrier particles and thus reduced cell loss at the cell harvesting step. Furthermore, gene expression and in vitro differentiation suggest that MSCs cultured on gelatin microcarriers maintain trilineage differentiation with similar adipogenic differentiation efficiency and higher chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation efficiency when compared to MSCs cultured on 2D planar polystyrene tissue culture flask; on the contrary, MSCs cultured on conventional microcarriers appear to be bipotent along osteochondral lineages whereby adipogenic differentiation potential is impeded. These results suggest that these gelatin microcarriers are suitable for MSC culture and expansion, and can also potentially be extended for other types of anchorage-dependent cells.     

Middle Jurassic radiolarians from Jinlang,Zedong, southern Xizang (Tibet), China

Moderately to well-preserved radiolarians have been extracted from nine greyish green and purplish-red bedded cherts in the mud-matrix mélange of the eastern Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) at Jinlang Section, Zedong, southern Xizang (Tibet). Forty-two species belonging to 27 genera, including Middle Jurassic characteristic species such as Laxtorum (?) jurassicum Isozaki and Matsuda, Laxtorum (?) hichisoense Isozaki and Matsuda, Stichocapsa japonica Yao, Stichocapsa robusta Matsuoka, Parahsuum (?) magnum Takemura, Sella chrafatensis (El Kadiri), and Unuma typicus Ichikawa and Yao are recognized and three assemblages, Laxtorum (?) jurassicum Assemblage (Aalenian), Quarticella ovalis Assemblage (late Bajocian), and Stichocapsa robusta Assemblage (middle Bathonian) are established in ascending order. These assemblages can be well correlated to the Middle Jurassic Unitary Association (UA) Zones (Baumgartner et al., 1995) in west Tethys and coeval biozones in Japan and provide reliable age information for the Middle Jurassic stratigraphic correlation of the pelagic sediments along the YZSZ.