内蒙古围封草原枯落物累积对大针茅和羊草生长发育的影响

围封草原枯落物累积通过改变水分和热量的再分配影响植物的生长发育。为探究不同植物种群对枯落物累积的适应性,2015—2017年在内蒙古围封典型草原设置了枯落物去除实验,对土壤温度和水分进行了原位监测,也对群落优势物种大针茅(Stipa grandis)和亚优势物种羊草(Leymus chinensis)种群的生长发育过程及种群数量特征进行了测定。结果表明：枯落物累积显著降低生长季表层和深层土壤温度(1.3—4.6℃和1.5—3.2℃),并提高表层和深层土壤水分(1.4%—10.4%和1.0%—5.0%)。枯落物累积对大针茅种群返青时间的延迟(16.9—24.2 d)显著高于羊草种群的(5.2—6.7 d),但对大针茅和羊草种群的营养生长期无显著影响。枯落物累积显著提高大针茅种群的高度但显著降低其盖度和地上生物量,引起大针茅种群的重要值显著降低(0.38→0.22)。枯落物累积显著提高羊草种群的高度、盖度和地上生物量,进而显著提高其重要值(0.16→0.28)。大针茅和羊草种群重要值排序的更替驱动围封草原植物群落演替。本研究从植物种群的角度为阐明围封草原群落结构与功能改变提供新视角,也为科...     

西藏色季拉山垂直植被带土壤细菌群落组成及功能潜势

研究青藏高原土壤微生物群落组成和功能的空间分布特征有助于深入理解典型高寒生态系统中土壤微生物的重要生态功能.本研究采用16S rDNA高通量测序方法,分析了西藏色季拉山4个不同海拔土壤细菌群落物种组成和功能潜势的变化特征及其驱动因子.结果 表明:随着海拔的升高,土壤细菌的丰富度和Shannon多样性指数显著降低;酸杆菌...     

大肠杆菌rhtA缺失对血红素合成的影响

【背景】Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)是基因工程的常用宿主,以C5途径合成5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-Aminolevulinicacid,ALA),ALA是合成血红素的重要前体物质,但ALA分泌对血红素合成的影响尚不清楚。【目的】阐明参与ALA外运的RhtA在血红素合成途径中的作用。【方法】利用Red同源重组,敲除Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)的rhtA,同时构建重组质粒pEA过表达血红素合成途径中的关键酶基因hemA,检测分析血红素及其前体物质含量,以及血红素合成途径中10个关键基因的表达水平。【结果】敲除rhtA对菌体生长没有显著影响,敲除菌株BL21(DE3)Δrht A与原始菌株BL21(DE3)比较,ALA的胞外含量下降23%,血红素含量提高12%,尿卟啉III (Uroporphyrin III,UIII)、粪卟啉III (Coproporphyrin III,CIII)和原卟啉IX (Protoporphyrin IX,PPIX)的含量分别提高25%、15%和18%;敲除rhtA同时过表达hemA的菌株BL21(DE3)ΔrhtA/pEA与仅过表达hemA的菌株BL21(DE3)/pEA比较,胞外ALA减少了16%,血红素含量提高了24%,UIII和CIII含量分别提高55%和64%,PPIX含量显著增加,约为4.7倍。实时定量PCR结果表明,rhtA缺失后,hemC基因转录水平下调,其余9个基因转录水平均有不同程度的上调。【结论】rhtA敲除减少了ALA的外运,使得胞内血红素产量得到提高。     

Paradoxical role of β8 integrin on angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and highly vascularized brain tumor with poor prognosis. Endothelial cell-dependent angiogenesis and tumor cell-dependent Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) synergistically contribute to glioma vascularization and progression. However, the mechanism underlying GBM vascularization remains unclear. In this study, GBM stem cells (GSCs) were divided into high and low β8 integrin (ITGB8) subpopulations. Co-culture assays followed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), migration, Matrigel tube formation, and sprouting assays were conducted to assess the proliferative, migratory and angiogenic capacity of GBM cells and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs). An intracranial glioma model was constructed to assess the effect of ITGB8 on tumor vascularization in vivo. Our results indicated that ITGB8 expression was elevated in GSCs and positively associated with stem cell markers in glioma tissues, and could be induced by hypoxia and p38 activation. ITGB8 in GSCs inhibited the angiogenesis of hBMECs in vitro, while it promoted the ability of network formation and expression of VM-related proteins. The orthotopic GBM model showed that ITGB8 contributed to decreased angiogenesis, meanwhile enhanced invasiveness and VM formation. Mechanistic studies indicated that ITGB8-TGFβ1 axis modulates VM and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process via Smad2/3-RhoA signaling. Together, our findings demonstrated a differential role for ITGB8 in the regulation of angiogenesis and VM formation in GBM, and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of ITGB8 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of GBM.Subject terms: Cancer stem cells, CNS cancer     

栗山天牛及其天敌花绒寄甲空间分布的地统计学分析

本文用地统计学的方法研究了栗山天牛及其天敌花绒寄甲的空间分布规律,结果表明:栗山天牛与花绒寄甲均呈聚集性分布,而且栗山天牛分布较多的样地,花绒寄甲也较多,花绒寄甲与栗山天牛有较强的跟随效应。栗山天牛与花绒寄甲的空间分布模型为球状+指数套合模型。栗山天牛和花绒寄甲空间分布在四个方向的变程均在100 m左右,而且在四个方向均比较集中。栗山天牛在东西方向聚集度最高,超过了0.8,而花绒寄甲在南北方向聚集度最高,2008年达到0.8452,2009年达到0.7230。研究还表明,2008年人工释放花绒寄甲后,其成虫在林间逐渐扩散,聚集度下降。     

Hemin with Peroxidase Activity Can Inhibit the Oxidative Damage Induced by Ultraviolet A

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), a highly reactive substance that contains oxygen, induced by ultraviolet A (UVA) cause oxidative damage to skin. We confirmed that hemin can catalyze the reaction of tyrosine (Tyr) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Catalysis was found to effectively reduce or eliminate oxidative damage to cells induced by H₂O₂ or UVA. The scavenging effects of hemin for other free-radical ROS were also evaluated through pyrogallol autoxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·)-scavenging assays, and phenanthroline–Fe²⁺ assays. The results show that a mixture of hemin and tyrosine exhibits strong scavenging activities for H₂O₂, superoxide anion (O₂⁻·), DPPH·, and the hydroxyl radical (·OH). Furthermore, the inhibition of oxidative damage to human skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells induced by H₂O₂ or UVA was evaluated. The results show that catalysis can significantly reduce the ratio of cell apoptosis and death and inhibit the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the resistance to apoptosis was found to be enhanced. These results show that the mixture of hemin and tyrosine has a significantly protective effect against oxidative damage to HaCaT cells caused by UVA, suggesting it as a protective agent for combating UVA damage.     

一种适用于双向电泳分析的高效真菌线粒体提取及蛋白质制样方法

用液氮冷冻研磨法破碎真菌菌丝细胞,通过差速和蔗糖密度梯度离心分离纯化板栗疫病菌线粒体,所得线粒体产率(质量比)约为1/10~4。电子显微镜观察和蛋白印迹表明,所制备的线粒体完整性好,没有检测到其它细胞成分的污染。使用膜蛋白裂解液溶解线粒体制备蛋白样品,将蛋白样品200μg上样于pH3~10,24cm的非线性胶条进行等电聚焦,电聚焦后再进行第二向SDS-PAGE电泳分离,经银染获得重复性好、背景清晰、分辨率高(680±15个蛋白质点)的凝胶图谱。随机选择10个蛋白质点进行质谱分析,9个获得有效注释,均为线粒体特异性蛋白质,表明所制备的蛋白样品非常适合双向电泳分析及其后续的质谱鉴定。     

双酶偶联转化富马酸制备β-丙氨酸的工艺的建立与优化

酶转化法是生产β-丙氨酸的重要途径,但单一酶法转化存在底物价格较高的问题。通过构建双酶催化体系制备β-丙氨酸,即将来源于大肠杆菌的天冬氨酸酶(AspA)和来源于谷氨酸棒杆菌的L-天冬氨酸α-脱羧酶(PanD)偶联,以富马酸和氨为底物进行酶促反应合成β-丙氨酸。催化反应中AspA与PanD的最适加酶比例为1∶80,其中AspA的浓度为10μg/mL,转化温度为37℃,pH为7.0;浓度为100 mmol/L的富马酸可在8 h内被完全转化,转化率为100%,摩尔产率为90.9%,β-丙氨酸的产量为90 mmol/L,约为7 g/L;浓度为200 mmol/L的富马酸在反应8 h后,体系中β-丙氨酸的产量为126 mmol/L,约合9.8 g/L,继续延长反应时间,转化率并没有明显提高。根据该研究提出的双酶偶联转化工艺可将价格低廉的富马酸一步转化为具有高附加值的β-丙氨酸。     

线粒体未折叠蛋白反应分子机制的研究进展

线粒体未折叠蛋白反应(UPR~(mt))作为新发现的细胞内应激机制,直接影响老化、神经退行性疾病、癌症等疾病的发生发展.UPR~(mt)是线粒体为了维持其内部蛋白质的平衡,启动由核DNA编码的线粒体热休克蛋白和蛋白酶等基因群转录活化程序的应激反应.深入探究UPR~(mt)的作用机制对阐明老化和线粒体相关疾病的发病机理具有指导意义.本文主要阐述了线粒体未折叠蛋白反应的诱导因素、线虫和哺乳动物细胞中最新的未折叠蛋白应激反应的信号传导通路、调控因子、具体作用机制以及线粒体未折叠蛋白反应与衰老、免疫等疾病的联系,旨在为这些疾病提供新的理论基础和治疗靶点.     

匍匐茎草本植物形态可塑性、整合作用与觅食行为研究进展

综述了匍匐茎型克隆植物在形态可塑性、整合作用及觅食行为方面的研究进展。资源斑块性分布是生境异质性的特征之一,适应于异质性生境,匍匐茎植物对环境资源表现了一系列可塑性反应。本文着重从匍匐茎植物对光、水、肥的可塑性反应及其整合作用以及觅食行为等方面的研究进行总结分析,以期对匍匐茎型克隆植物进行更广泛深入的研究。