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51.
Predominance of helper-inducer T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal lamina propria of normal nonhuman primates 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
To define the characteristics of T cells associated with the gastrointestinal tract, the phenotypes and immunoregulatory function of T cells from mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were compared to peripheral blood (PBL) and spleen lymphocytes in normal nonhuman primates. Mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were characterized by a higher proportion of Leu-3+(CD4+) and 9.3+(alpha-Tp44) lymphocytes and a lower proportion of Leu-2+(CD8) lymphocytes than lymphocytes in other sites. LPL and MLN lymphocytes were both characterized by a higher proportion of cells having the helper-inducer phenotypes (Leu-3+, Leu-8+, Leu-3+, 2H4+) compared to PBL. A lower proportion of cells with the suppressor-inducer phenotypes (Leu-3+, Leu-8+, Leu-3+, 2H4+) was found in LPL, but not in MLN lymphocytes compared to PBL. In studies of the Leu-2+ T cells, it was found that whereas PBL, spleen, and LPL contained approximately equal proportions of Leu-2+, Leu-15+ (suppressor phenotype) and Leu-2+, 9.3+ lymphocytes (cytolytic T-cell phenotype), the MLN T cells were predominantly Leu-2+, 9.3+. Furthermore, the Leu-3/Leu-2 ratio was significantly higher in MLN compared to other sites. In pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures, the highest helper function for Ig synthesis was found in MLN. Cells from none of the sites studied showed evidence of increased suppressor cell activity. These results show that MLN and LPL T cells in normal nonhuman primates differ from T cells in peripheral blood and spleen. While both MLN and LPL have a high proportion of T cells with the helper-inducer phenotype, cells with the suppressor-effector phenotype are infrequent in MLN, while cells with the suppressor-inducer phenotype are infrequent in LPL. 相似文献
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53.
Qiong Wu Honghua Huang Guohong Hu Jinchun Chen KP Ho Guo-Qiang Chen 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2001,80(2):111-118
A strain of Bacillus sp. coded JMa5 was isolated from molasses contaminated soil. The strain was able to grow at a temperature as high as 45°C and in 250 g/l molasses although the optimal growth temperature was 35–37°C. Cell density reached 30 g/l 8 h after inoculation in a batch culture with an initial concentration of 210 g/l molasses. Under fed-batch conditions, the cells grew to a dry weight of 70 g/l after 30 h of fermentation. The strain accumulated 25–35%, (w/w) polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) during fermentation. PHB accumulation was a growth-associated process. Factors that normally promote PHB production include high ratios of carbon to nitrogen, and carbon to phosphorus in growth media. Low dissolved oxygen supply resulted in sporulation, which reduced PHB contents and dry weights of the cells. It seems that sporulation induced by reduced supply of nutrients is the reason that PHB content is generally low in the Bacillus strain. 相似文献
54.
Zeitz JO Amelchanka SL Michałowski T Wereszka K Meile L Hartnack S Kreuzer M Soliva CR 《Archives of animal nutrition》2012,66(3):180-199
The quantitative importance of individual ciliate species and their interaction in the rumen is still unclear. The present study was performed to test whether there are species differences in the influence on ruminal fermentation in vivo and if combinations of ciliates act additive in that respect. Six adult wethers fed a hay-concentrate diet were defaunated, then refaunated either with Entodinium caudatum (EC), Epidinium ecaudatum (EE) or Eudiplodinium maggii (EM) alone, then progressively with all possible species combinations. Feed, faeces, urine, ruminal fluid and gas were sampled for eight days always after at least 21 days of adaptation. With a linear mixed model, accounting for the 2 x 2 x 2 full factorial study design, mean marginal effect sizes, i.e., the magnitude of change in variables as caused by the presence of each ciliate species or of combinations of them, were estimated. The apparent digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fibre remained unaffected. The apparent N digestibility increased by 0.054 with EM (0.716 with defaunation). Ruminal ammonia increased by 1.6, 4.0 and 8.7 mmol/l in the presence of EM, EC and EE, respectively, compared to defaunation (6.9 mmol/l). In the EM + EE combination, ruminal ammonia was lower than would have been expected from an additive effect. With EE, total short-chain fatty acids increased by 23 mmol/l (100 mmol/l with defaunation), but not when EE was combined with EM. The acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased by 0.73 units in the presence of EE (4.0 with defaunation), but only when EE was the sole ciliate species in the rumen. In the presence of any ciliate species, the 16S rDNA copies of total Bacteria and major fibrolytic species decreased to 0.52- and 0.22-fold values, respectively of that found without protozoa. Total Archaea were unaffected; however, Methanobacteriales copies increased 1.44-fold with EC. The CH4-to-CO2 ratio of ruminal gas decreased by 0.036 with EM and 0.051 with EE (0.454 with defaunation). In conclusion, individual ciliates affected ruminal fermentation differently and, when different species were combined, sometimes in a non-additive manner. From the ciliates investigated, EE affected ruminal fermentation most and might play a dominant role in mixed ciliate populations. 相似文献
55.
Background
Laribacter hongkongensis is associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. In this study, we performed an in-depth annotation of the genes in its genome related to the various steps in the infective process, drug resistance and mobile genetic elements.Results
For acid and bile resistance, L. hongkongensis possessed a urease gene cassette, two arc gene clusters and bile salt efflux systems. For intestinal colonization, it possessed a putative adhesin of the autotransporter family homologous to those of diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterotoxigenic E. coli. To evade from host defense, it possessed superoxide dismutase and catalases. For lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, it possessed the same set of genes that encode enzymes for synthesizing lipid A, two Kdo units and heptose units as E. coli, but different genes for its symmetrical acylation pattern, and nine genes for polysaccharide side chains biosynthesis. It contained a number of CDSs that encode putative cell surface acting (RTX toxin and hemolysins) and intracellular cytotoxins (patatin-like proteins) and enzymes for invasion (outer membrane phospholipase A). It contained a broad variety of antibiotic resistance-related genes, including genes related to β-lactam (n = 10) and multidrug efflux (n = 54). It also contained eight prophages, 17 other phage-related CDSs and 26 CDSs for transposases.Conclusions
The L. hongkongensis genome possessed genes for acid and bile resistance, intestinal mucosa colonization, evasion of host defense and cytotoxicity and invasion. A broad variety of antibiotic resistance or multidrug resistance genes, a high number of prophages, other phage-related CDSs and CDSs for transposases, were also identified. 相似文献56.
Gaël Manes Isabelle Meunier Almudena Avila-Fernández Sandro Banfi Guylène Le Meur Xavier Zanlonghi Marta Corton Francesca Simonelli Philippe Brabet Gilles Labesse Isabelle Audo Saddek Mohand-Said Christina Zeitz José-Alain Sahel Michel Weber Hélène Dollfus Claire-Marie Dhaenens Delphine Allorge Elfride De Baere Robert K. Koenekoop Susanne Kohl Frans P.M. Cremers Joe G. Hollyfield Audrey Sénéchal Maxime Hebrard Béatrice Bocquet Carmen Ayuso García Christian P. Hamel 《American journal of human genetics》2013
57.
The type of a nucleic acid and the type of the cell to be transfected generally affect the efficiency of electroporation, the versatile method of choice for gene regulation studies or for recombinant protein expression. We here present a combined square pulse electroporation strategy to reproducibly and efficiently transfect eukaryotic cells. Cells suspended in a universal buffer system received an initial high voltage pulse that was continuously combined with a subsequent low voltage pulse with independently defined electric parameters of the effective field and the duration of each pulse. At comparable viable cell recoveries and transfection efficiencies of up to 95% of all cells, a wide variety of cells especially profited from this combined pulse strategy by high protein expression levels of individual cells after transfection. Long-term silencing of gene expression by transfected small interfering RNA was most likely due to the uptake of large nucleic acid amounts as shown by direct detection of fluorochromated small interfering RNA. The highly efficient combined pulse electroporation strategy enables for external regulation of the number of naked nucleic acid molecules taken up and can be easily adapted for cells considered difficult to transfect. 相似文献
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59.
Mutations in CABP4, the gene encoding the Ca2+-binding protein 4, cause autosomal recessive night blindness
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60.
Isabelle Audo Kinga M Bujakowska Thierry Léveillard Saddek Mohand-Sa?d Marie-Elise Lancelot Aurore Germain Aline Antonio Christelle Michiels Jean-Paul Saraiva Mélanie Letexier José-Alain Sahel Shomi S Bhattacharya Christina Zeitz 《Orphanet journal of rare diseases》2012,7(1):1-17