全文获取类型
收费全文 | 95141篇 |
免费 | 407篇 |
国内免费 | 889篇 |
专业分类
96437篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 19篇 |
2021年 | 33篇 |
2020年 | 28篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 11894篇 |
2017年 | 10717篇 |
2016年 | 7541篇 |
2015年 | 670篇 |
2014年 | 394篇 |
2013年 | 451篇 |
2012年 | 4331篇 |
2011年 | 12924篇 |
2010年 | 12090篇 |
2009年 | 8280篇 |
2008年 | 9858篇 |
2007年 | 11442篇 |
2006年 | 347篇 |
2005年 | 593篇 |
2004年 | 1059篇 |
2003年 | 1112篇 |
2002年 | 852篇 |
2001年 | 300篇 |
2000年 | 191篇 |
1999年 | 53篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 47篇 |
1992年 | 39篇 |
1991年 | 49篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
1972年 | 251篇 |
1971年 | 280篇 |
1965年 | 15篇 |
1962年 | 25篇 |
1944年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Conformational and functional similarities between glutaredoxin and thioredoxins. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10 下载免费PDF全文
H Eklund C Cambillau B M Sjberg A Holmgren H Jrnvall J O Hg C I Brndn 《The EMBO journal》1984,3(7):1443-1449
The tertiary structures of thioredoxin from Escherichia coli and bacteriophage T4 have been compared and aligned giving a common fold of 68 C alpha atoms with a root mean square difference of 2.6 A. The amino acid sequence of glutaredoxin has been aligned to those of the thioredoxins assuming that glutaredoxin has the same common fold. A model of the glutaredoxin molecule was built on a vector display using this alignment and the T4 thioredoxin tertiary structure. By comparison of the model with those of the thioredoxins, we have identified a molecular surface area on one side of the redox-active S-S bridge which we suggest is the binding area of these molecules for redox interactions with other proteins. This area comprises residues 33-34, 75-76 and 91-93 in E. coli thioredoxin; 15-16, 65-66 and 76-78 in T4 thioredoxin and 12-13, 59-60 and 69-71 in glutaredoxin. In all three molecules, this part of the surface is flat and hydrophobic. Charged groups are completely absent. In contrast, there is a cluster of charged groups on the other side of the S-S bridge which we suggest participates in the mechanisms of the redox reactions. In particular, a lysine residue close to an aromatic ring is conserved in all molecules. 相似文献
82.
Zbigniew Witkowski 《Oecologia》1978,37(1):85-92
Summary Among the parameters describing weevil communities two groups of parameters, which are positively correlated among themselves, were found. The first group includes: relative abundance, number of species, and participation of habitat generalists, the second: stability, mean body size, and participation of habitat specialists. The parameters belonging to opposite groups were negatively correlated.Among the parameters describing host plants of the weevils, no correlation was found between species number and relative abundance, while a negative correlation was found between total mass of host plants and their relative abundance.Weevil species diversity and the group of its correlates were positively correlated with analogical parameters of their host plants while weevil stability showed positive correlation with the total mass of host plants and the proportion of these plants in the total mass of vegetation.The reasons for negative correlation between stability and diversity of weevils and relations of these two parameters to selection strategy of these beetles are discussed. 相似文献
83.
Functionally-stabilized proteins--a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The maintenance or stabilization of protein or enzyme function is of vital importance in Biotechnology. Investigations of thermophilic organisms, studies of denaturation and the use of enzymes in organic solvents have each contributed to an understanding of protein stability. Enzymes can reliably and reproducibly be stabilized by variety of means including immobilization, use of additives, chemical modification in solution and protein engineering. Examples of each of these are discussed. With these recent advances it appears that a rational strategy for achieving a particular stabilized enzyme or protein may be within reach. 相似文献
84.
Perin L. Donnini M. Diomede L. Romano M. Tacconi M. T. Luisetti M. Salmona M. 《Cytotechnology》1991,7(1):25-32
An expression vector for G-CSF, pASLB3-3, was constructed and introduced into Namalwa KJM-1 cells (Hosoi et al., 1988), and cells resistant to 100 nM of methotrexate (MTX) were obtained. Among them, the highest producer, clone SC57, was selected and the productivity of this clone was further characterized. The maximal production of G-CSF was at the most 1.8 g/ml/day using a 25 cm2 tissue culture flask, even though the cell number was above 7×105 cells/ml. The limiting factors at high density were analyzed as the deficiency of nutrients, such as glucose, cysteine and serine, and pH control. The depression of specific G-CSF productivity per cell under the batch culture conditions was overcome by using a perfusion culture system, BiofermenterTM (Sato, 1983) with modifications of nutrients supplementation by a dialysis membrane and/or dissolved oxygen (DO) supplementation by microsilicone fibers. ITPSGF medium was modified to elevate concentrations of amino acids and glucose by 2.0- and 2.5-times, respectively. Under the control of pH at 7.4 and DO at 3 ppm, the specific G-CSF productivity was not depressed even at high cell density (above 1×107 cells/ml), and the amount of G-CSF reached 41 g/ml. These results indicated the possibility of finding the optimum culture conditions for the production of recombinant proteins by Namalwa KJM-1 cells.Abbreviations ABTS
2,2-Azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
- BSA
Bovine Serum Albumin
- BSA-PBS
Phosphate-buffered Saline without Ca2+ and Mg2+ containing Bovine Serum Albumin
- dhfr
Dihydrofolate Reductase
- DO
Dissolved Oxygen
- G-CSF
Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor
- HEPES
4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethansulfonic Acid
- IFN
Interferon
- MTX
Methotrexate
- PBS(-)
Phosphate-buffered saline without Ca2+ and Mg2+
- Tween-PBS
Phosphate-buffered saline without Ca2+ and Mg2+ containing 0.05% of Tween 20 相似文献
85.
Gizela Takácsová Július ubík Zbigniew Kotylak 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1980,179(1):141-146
Summary Genetic relations between mitochondrial mucidin-resistant locus muc3 and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase-deficient box loci have been studied by recombination and petite deletion analysis. It was found that the locus muc3 maps in the segment of mitochondrial DNA corresponding to the locus box2. The results suggest the participation of box2/muc3 locus in the sequences of the structural gene for cytochrome b. 相似文献
86.
87.
Guno Haskå 《Microbial ecology》1975,1(1):234-245
Myxobacteria presumably produce extracellular bacteriolytic enzymes when they are growing in soil. In order to study their ecological significance, adsorption experiments were performed with lytic enzymes produced byMyxococcus virescens in casitone media. Different soils as well as montmorillonite and kaolinite can rapidly adsorb the bacteriolytic but not the proteolytic enzymes. About 1 gm of montmorillonite per liter of cell-free culture solution is enough for the adsorption of 97% of the bacteriolytic enzymes. The adsorption per unit weight is about 100 times greater on montmorillonite than on kaolinite. About 40% of the adsorbed enzymes can be eluted with solutions of high pH or high ionic strength. The only desorbed bacteriolytic enzyme is the alanyl-∈-N-lysine endopeptidase. 相似文献
88.
Staining of Some Specific Regions of Human Chromosomes,particularly the Secondary Constriction of No. 9 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
SEVERAL procedures have been described recently which produce specific patterns of differential staining in human chromosomes1–9. Techniques which involve DNA denaturation and reannealing reveal deeply stained areas on centromere and secondary constriction regions which have been equated with constitutive heterochromatin9. 相似文献
89.
The biochemical mechanisms underlying thidiazuron (TDZ)-induced regeneration in plant cells have not been clearly elucidated.
Exposure of leaf explants of Echinacea purpurea to a medium containing TDZ results in undifferentiated cell proliferation and differentiated growth as mixed shoot organogenesis
and somatic embryogenesis. The current studies were undertaken to determine the potential roles of auxin, indoleamines, and
ion signaling in the dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of plant cells. E. purpurea leaf explants were found to contain auxin and the related indoleamine neurotransmitters, melatonin, and serotonin. The levels
of these endogenous indoleamines were increased by exposure to TDZ associated with the induction of regeneration. The auxin-transport
inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and auxin action inhibitor, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid decreased the TDZ-induced regeneration but increased concentrations of endogenous serotonin
and melatonin. As well, inhibitors of calcium and sodium transport significantly reduced TDZ-induced morphogenesis while increasing
endogenous indoleamine content. These data indicate that TDZ-induced regeneration is the manifestation of a metabolic cascade
that includes an initial signaling event, accumulation, and transport of endogenous plant signals such as auxin and melatonin,
a system of secondary messengers, and a concurrent stress response. 相似文献
90.