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41.
Microbial diversity and complexity in hypersaline environments: A preliminary assessment 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The microbial communities in solar salterns and a soda lake have been characterized using two techniques: BIOLOG, to estimate
the metabolic potential, and amplicon length heterogeneity analysis, to estimate the molecular diversity of these communities.
Both techniques demonstrated that the halophilic Bacteria and halophilic Archaea populations in the Eilat, Israel saltern
are dynamic communities with extensive metabolic potentials and changing community structures. Halophilic Bacteria were detected
in Mono Lake and the lower salinity ponds at the Shark Bay saltern in Western Australia, except when the crystallizer samples
were stressed by exposure to Acid Green Dye #9899. At Shark Bay, halophilic Archaea were found only in the crystallizer samples.
These data confirm both the metabolic diversity and the phylogenetic complexity of the microbial communities and assert the
need to develop more versatile media for the cultivation of the diversity of bacteria in hypersaline environments. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 28, 48–55 DOI: 10.1038/sj/jim/7000175
Received 20 May 2001/ Accepted in revised form 15 June 2001 相似文献
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Rates and dates of divergence between AIDS virus nucleotide sequences 总被引:28,自引:3,他引:25
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AS Glen D Anderson CJ Veltman PM Garvey M Nichols 《New Zealand journal of zoology.》2016,43(2):127-137
A major challenge in controlling overabundant wildlife is monitoring their populations, particularly as they decline to very low density. Camera traps and wildlife detector dogs are increasingly being used for this purpose. We compared the cost-effectiveness of these two approaches for detecting feral cats (Felis catus) on two pastoral properties in Hawke's Bay, North Island, New Zealand. One property was subject to intensive pest removal, while the other had no recent history of pest control. Camera traps and wildlife detector dogs detected cats at similar rates at both sites. The operating costs of each method were also comparable. We identify a number of advantages and disadvantages of each technique, and suggest priorities for further research. 相似文献
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Anne-Ga?lle Biacabe Jorg G Jacobs Anna Bencsik Jan PM Langeveld Thierry GM Baron 《朊病毒》2007,1(1):61-68
We previously reported that some cattle affected by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) showed distinct molecular features of the protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in Western blot, with a 1–2 kDa higher apparent molecular mass of the unglycosylated PrPres associated with labelling by antibodies against the 86–107 region of the bovine PrP protein (H-type BSE). By Western blot analyses of PrPres, we now showed that the essential features initially described in cattle were observed with a panel of different antibodies and were maintained after transmission of the disease in C57Bl/6 mice. In addition, antibodies against the C-terminal region of PrP revealed a second, more C-terminally cleaved, form of PrPres (PrPres #2), which, in unglycosylated form, migrated as a ≈ 14 kDa fragment. Furthermore, a PrPres fragment of ≈7 kDa, which was not labelled by C-terminus-specific antibodies and was thus presumed to be a product of cleavage at both N- and C-terminal sides of PrP protein, was also detected. Both PrPres #2 and ≈7 kDa PrPres were detected in cattle and in C57Bl/6 infected mice. These complex molecular features are reminiscent of findings reported in human prion diseases. This raises questions regarding the respective origins and pathogenic mechanisms in prion diseases of animals and humans.Key Words: prion, BSE, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker, Western blot, amyloid 相似文献
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Background
It is generally accepted that a single primary endosymbiosis in the Plantae (red, green (including land plants), and glaucophyte algae) common ancestor gave rise to the ancestral photosynthetic organelle (plastid). Plastid establishment necessitated many steps, including the transfer and activation of endosymbiont genes that were relocated to the nuclear genome of the 'host' followed by import of the encoded proteins into the organelle. These innovations are, however, highly complex and could not have driven the initial formation of the endosymbiosis. We postulate that the re-targeting of existing host solute transporters to the plastid fore-runner was critical for the early success of the primary endosymbiosis, allowing the host to harvest endosymbiont primary production. 相似文献47.
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Molecular evolution of mammalian aquaporin-2: further evidence that elephant shrew and aardvark join the paenungulate clade 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Madsen O; Deen PM; Pesole G; Saccone C; de Jong WW 《Molecular biology and evolution》1997,14(4):363-371
A 328-bp sequence from exon 1 of the gene for aquaporin-2 (AQP2) was
compared in 12 mammalian species, representing as many eutherian orders.
This sequence encodes the N-terminal half of this kidney- specific water
channel protein. Most amino acid replacements, as well as an insertion,
have occurred in extracellular loops connecting the transmembrane helices,
in agreement with a lower functional importance of these loops.
Phylogenetic analyses were performed with parsimony, distance, and
maximum-likelihood methods. The AQP2 data set, alone as well as in
combination with previously published alpha A-crystallin protein sequences,
strongly supports a clade consisting of elephant, hyrax, aardvark, and
elephant shrew, reaching bootstrap values of 99%. This finding fully agrees
with the only other presently available sequence data sets that include
these taxa, those of von Willebrand factor and interphotoreceptor
retinoid-binding protein, and suggests that this extended paenungulate
clade is one of the most conspicuous superordinal groupings in eutherian
phylogeny. Some support was obtained for an artiodactyl/perissodactyl
clade, while the grouping of pholidotes with edentates was contradicted.
相似文献