溴化马来松香的合成、表征及其阻燃性的研究

本文以马来松香与液溴加成,合成了溴化马来松香;研究了反应温度、原料的摩尔比、反应时间等因素对反应过程及产物性能的影响.用FT-IR、1H NMR和TG对溴化马来松香进行了表征.结果表明,当反应温度为-2～6℃,反应时间5～6 h,反应物的当量配比约为1.2时,收率可达87.9%.溴化马来松香具有较好的阻燃性,同时也拓宽了松香的应用范围,提高了松香的附加值.     

SURVIVAL OF AN UNIRRADIATED SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM MARKER STRAIN INOCULATED IN POULTRY FEEDS AFTER IRRADIATION

The present study was designed to compare unirradiated Salmonella typhimurium survival during storage after inoculation in either irradiated or unirradiated poultry feed. The effects of irradiation (5 kGy) on the indigenous feed microflora and on the survival of marker strain of S. typhimurium contaminated after irradiation treatment were determined during 56 days of storage of either soybean meal (SBM) or meat and bone meal (MBM) based feeds. The initial aerobic bacterial populations were reduced more than 90% in both SBM (4.96 to 4.08 ± 0.03 log₁₀ CPU/g feed) and MBM (5.12 to 3.90 ± 0.03) by irradiation. Irradiation treatment reduced the average fungal counts during 56 days of storage in both SBM (4.24 to 2.74 ± 0.03) and MBM (4.38 to 2.15 ± 0.03) containing feeds. However, unirradiated S. typhimurium populations inoculated after irradiation of the feed were not different in either irradiated or nonirradiated SBM and MBM based feeds. Therefore, the differences in fungal versus bacterial sensitivity among the feed types and storage times suggests that gamma irradiation can alter the makeup of indigenous microbial populations in feed but this does not appear to have a discernible influence on subsequent survival of unirradiated S. typhimurium added as a dry inoculum after irradiation.     

Reproductive patterns of selected understorey trees in the Malaysian rain forest: the sexual species

HA, C. O., SANDS, V. E., SOEPADMO, E. & JONG, K., 1988. Reproductive patterns of selected understorey trees in the Malaysian rain forest: the sexual species. Investigations were carried out on the floral, fruit and seed biology, and the embryology of representatives of the Sapindaceae and Bombacaceae which occur in the lower canopy of the lowland rain forest of Peninsular Malaysia. Pollination studies indicated cross-compatibility and outbreeding in all species examined, associated with self-compatibility in the polygamous monecious Pometia pinnata and Allophylus cobbe and, to a limited extent, in the effectively dioecious Xerospermum intermedium . In these sapindaceous species, together with the self-incompatible androdioecious Nephelium lappaceum , the structurally hermaphrodite flowers were determined embryologically to be functionally female with no anther dehiscence. The self-incompatible Durio griffithii of the Bombacaceae, and X. intermedium, N. lappaceum and P. pinnata were shown by embryological studies to form a sexual zygote. The observations on these outcrossing species are considered in relation to their potential for gene exchange and their contribution to the maintenance of species diversity in the lowland rain forest.