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111.
The development of antimicrobial drug resistance has encouraged scientists to develop alternate methods to combat infectious pathogens associated with dental diseases. Therefore, it is of interest to predict interactions for catechin (a plant derived compound) with protein targets in the red complex pathogens using computer aided network tools. However, in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the antimicrobial effect of catechin (gallocatechin, epicatechin, epigallactocatechin (EGC) and gallolyl catechins) on the dental pathogens. 相似文献
112.
ROSA MENÉNDEZ ADELA GONZÁLEZ-MEGÍAS OWEN T. LEWIS MARK R. SHAW CHRIS D. THOMAS 《Ecological Entomology》2008,33(3):413-421
Abstract. 1. A major, and largely unexplored, uncertainty in projecting the impact of climate change on biodiversity is the consequence of altered interspecific interactions, for example between parasitoids and their hosts. The present study investigated parasitism in the Brown Argus butterfly, Aricia agestis ; a species that has expanded northward in Britain during the last 30 years in association with climate warming.
2. Aricia agestis larvae suffered lower mortality from parasitoids in newly colonised areas compared with long-established populations. This result was consistent over four consecutive generations (2 years) when comparing one population of each type, and also when several populations within the historical and recently colonised range of the species were compared within a single year. Thus, A. agestis appears to be partially escaping from parasitism as it expands northwards.
3. Reduced parasitism occurred despite the fact that several of the parasitoid species associated with A. agestis were already present in the newly colonised areas, supported predominantly by an alternative host species, the Common Blue butterfly, Polyommatus icarus .
4. As the species expand their distributions into areas of increased climatic suitability, invasion fronts may escape from natural enemies, enhancing rates of range expansion. The results suggest that the decoupling of interspecific interactions may allow some species to exploit a wider range of environments and to do so more rapidly than previously thought possible. 相似文献
2. Aricia agestis larvae suffered lower mortality from parasitoids in newly colonised areas compared with long-established populations. This result was consistent over four consecutive generations (2 years) when comparing one population of each type, and also when several populations within the historical and recently colonised range of the species were compared within a single year. Thus, A. agestis appears to be partially escaping from parasitism as it expands northwards.
3. Reduced parasitism occurred despite the fact that several of the parasitoid species associated with A. agestis were already present in the newly colonised areas, supported predominantly by an alternative host species, the Common Blue butterfly, Polyommatus icarus .
4. As the species expand their distributions into areas of increased climatic suitability, invasion fronts may escape from natural enemies, enhancing rates of range expansion. The results suggest that the decoupling of interspecific interactions may allow some species to exploit a wider range of environments and to do so more rapidly than previously thought possible. 相似文献
113.
C. SOLIANI J. RONDAN‐DUEÑAS M. B. CHIAPPERO M. MARTÍNEZ E. GARCÍA DA ROSA C. N. GARDENAL 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2010,24(3):316-323
Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), the main vector of yellow fever and dengue viruses, was eradicated from Argentina between 1955 and 1963, but reinvaded the country in 1986. In Uruguay, the species was reintroduced in 1997. In this study we used highly polymorphic inter‐simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers to analyse the genetic structure of Ae. aegypti populations from Uruguay and northeastern Argentina to identify possible colonization patterns of the vector. Overall genetic differentiation among populations was high (FST = 0.106) and showed no correlation with geographic distance, which is consistent with the short time since the reintroduction of the species in the area. Differentiation between pairs of Argentine populations (FST 0.072 to 0.221) was on average higher than between Uruguayan populations (FST?0.044 to 0.116). Bayesian estimation of population structure defined four genetic clusters and most populations were admixtures of two of them: Mercedes and Treinta y Tres (Uruguay) were mixtures of clusters 1 and 3; Salto (Uruguay) and Paraná (Argentina) of clusters 1 and 4; Fray Bentos (Uruguay) of clusters 2 and 3, and Gualeguaychú (Argentina) of clusters 2 and 3. Posadas and Buenos Aires in Argentina were fairly genetically homogeneous. Our results suggest that Ae. aegypti recolonized Uruguay from bordering cities in Argentina via bridges over the Uruguay River and also from Brazil. 相似文献
114.
Background
Colorants derived from natural sources look set to overtake synthetic colorants in market value as manufacturers continue to meet the rising demand for clean label ingredients – particularly in food applications. Many ascomycetous fungi naturally synthesize and secrete pigments and thus provide readily available additional and/or alternative sources of natural colorants that are independent of agro-climatic conditions. With an appropriately selected fungus; using in particular chemotaxonomy as a guide, the fungal natural colorants could be produced in high yields by using the optimized cultivation technology. This approach could secure efficient production of pigments avoiding use of genetic manipulation. 相似文献115.
Nestboxes are known to increase clutch size, enhance breeding success and affect the social mating system of several cavity nesters. Although in recent years various cavity nesters have been studied in nestboxes in South America, the effects of boxes on the biology of the study species are unknown. We evaluated the effects of nestboxes on the breeding biology and social mating system of Southern House Wrens Troglodytes aedon bonariae by comparing birds breeding in nestboxes and tree cavities in two cattle ranches in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Southern House Wrens nesting in boxes had higher breeding success but, contrary to studies on the temperate zone, we did not find differences in clutch size between Wrens breeding in nestboxes and tree cavities. The main causes of nest failure in tree cavities were nest predation and flooding of the cavity (70 and 23% of the failures, respectively) while in nestboxes predation and desertion were the most important causes of failure (38 and 34% of the failures, respectively). The social mating system of Southern House Wrens is monogamy with biparental care, and neither was affected by the boxes. Males did not attract secondary females to additional nestboxes; however, nestboxes are safer breeding sites than tree cavities, and females seemed to prefer males with nestboxes on their territory. These results suggest that nest quality alone might be not enough for secondary females to accept polygyny. 相似文献
116.
REINDERS J. E. A.; AS H. VAN; SCHAAFSMA T. J.; SHERIFF D. W. 《Journal of experimental botany》1988,39(9):1211-1220
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to investigate theeffects of changes in root temperature, of changes in the areaof root in contact with culture solution and of day/night rhythmon the water balance of a cucumber and a gherkin plant. Resultsare discussed in terms of water potential, flow rate and resistanceusing a previously presented model of water balance. As longas water uptake alone is varied, flow rate and water content(or potential) will change in the same direction. In contrast,from that model it is predicted that changes in transpirationwill affect flow rate and water content in opposite ways. Anexperimental verification of this prediction was given in theprevious paper. Results obtained by the NMR method are comparedto those determined using a dendrometer. The results demonstratethat the NMR method is a valuable tool to study plant waterbalance and that it can serve as a technique for discriminatingbetween changes in plant water balance that are due to changesin water uptake by roots and those due to changes in transpiration. Key words: Water balance model, Cucumis satious L., flow, water content, NMR, water balance measurement 相似文献
117.
A new method for the enrichment of cultures of Serratia marcescens for auxotrophic mutants has been developed. The method is based on the formation of filaments by growing cells in minimal medium M70 containing azthreonam. Auxotrophic mutants unable to grow in M70 do not form filaments. Mutants are collected from the culture by filtration. 相似文献
118.
A. terreus isolates isolated from some bakery products, corn and rice were found to be able to produce territrems. 90% of theA. terreus isolated from bakery products were able to produce territrem A, with a mean of 0.09 ppm, while 80% ofA. terreus isolates produce territrem B with a mean of 0.24 ppm. On the other hand 31.8% of the isolates ofA. terreus from corn were able to produce territrem A with a mean of 0.44 ppm. ConcerningA. terreus isolates from rice, 66.7% were found to produce territrem A, with a mean of 5.28 ppm, and 77.8% of the isolates produced
territrem B with a mean of 1.79 ppm. 相似文献
119.
120.
Evolutionary history of the COII/tRNALys intergenic 9 base pair deletion in human mitochondrial DNAs from the Pacific 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
Redd AJ; Takezaki N; Sherry ST; McGarvey ST; Sofro AS; Stoneking M 《Molecular biology and evolution》1995,12(4):604-615
Length changes in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are potentially useful
markers for inferring the evolutionary history of populations. One such
length change is a nine base pair (9-bp) deletion that is located in the
intergenic region between the COII gene and the Lysine tRNA gene
(COII/tRNALys intergenic region). This deletion has been used as a genetic
marker to trace descent from peoples of East Asian origin. A geographic
cline of the deletion frequency across modern Pacific Islander populations
suggests that the deletion may be useful for tracing prehistoric Polynesian
origins and affinities. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation within two
variable segments of the control region (CR) permits a number of inferences
regarding the evolutionary history of the 9-bp deletion that cannot be
determined from frequency data alone. We obtained CR sequences from 74
mtDNAs with the 9-bp deletion from Indonesia, coastal Papua New Guinea
(PNG), and American Samoa. Phylogenetic and pairwise distribution analysis
of these CR sequences pooled with previously published CR sequences reveals
that the deletion arose independently in Africa and Asia and suggests
possible multiple origins of the deletion in Asia. A clinal increase of the
frequency of the 9-bp deletion across the three Pacific populations is
associated with a decrease in CR sequence diversity, consistent with
founder events. Furthermore, analysis of pairwise difference distributions
indicates an expansion time of proto-Polynesians that began 5,500 yr ago
from Southeast Asia. These results are consistent with the express train
model of Polynesian origins.
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