全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3510篇 |
免费 | 179篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 35篇 |
2022年 | 157篇 |
2021年 | 214篇 |
2020年 | 91篇 |
2019年 | 111篇 |
2018年 | 137篇 |
2017年 | 90篇 |
2016年 | 159篇 |
2015年 | 200篇 |
2014年 | 216篇 |
2013年 | 258篇 |
2012年 | 263篇 |
2011年 | 256篇 |
2010年 | 126篇 |
2009年 | 118篇 |
2008年 | 164篇 |
2007年 | 157篇 |
2006年 | 139篇 |
2005年 | 117篇 |
2004年 | 111篇 |
2003年 | 108篇 |
2002年 | 95篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 28篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有3696条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
22.
C. Caroline Blackwell Donald M. Weir Anthony Busuttil Abdulrahman T. Saadi Steven D. Essery Mohammed W. Raza V.S. James D.A.C. Mackenzie 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1994,9(2):91-100
Abstract Epidemiological factors associated with susceptibility to respiratory infections are similar to those associated with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Here we review the evidence that respiratory pathogens might be involved in some cases of Sudden Infact Death Syndrome in the context of factors identified in epidemiological studies of cot deaths: the age range affected; mother's smoking; respiratory viral infections; immunisation status. Both laboratory and epidimiological evidence suggests that vulnerability of infants to infectious agents depends on interactions between genetic, developmental and environmental factors that contribute to colonisation by microorganisms, the inflammatory and specific immune responses and the infants' physiological responses to inflammatory mediators. A model is proposed to explain how microorganisms might trigger a series of events resulting in some of these unexpected deaths and discusses how the present recommendations regarding child care practices might help reduce the numbers of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome cases associated with infectious agents. 相似文献
23.
Anvarhusein A. Isab Ibrahim H. Ghazi Mohammed I. M. Wazeer Herman P. Perzanowski 《Journal of inorganic biochemistry》1993,50(4):299-304
15N NMR studies of the interaction of 15N cyanide ion with gold(I)-thiomalate (Autm) and gold(I)-thioglucose (Autg) have been carried out at pH* 7.40. The chemical shifts of the two 15N ions containing species Au(C15N)2− and RS-Au-C15N− (where RS− = tm− or tg−) were identified at 265.94 and 260.30 ppm, respectively. From the broadened 15N NMR signals, approximate life times of the RS-Au-CN− species were calculated. 相似文献
24.
Raman Kapur Mohammed Saleem Bryan L. Harvey Adrian J. Cutler 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1993,29(4):200-206
Summary Barley leaf blade protoplasts accumulate malonaldehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, during culture. In addition, glutathione
levels fall after protoplast isolation and the proportion of glutathione in the oxidized state rises. These data indicate
oxidative stress after protoplast isolation and during culture. The cause of this phenomenon is revealed by data showing that
the activities of enzymes associated with antioxidative processes including glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase
decrease after barley protoplast isolation. In contrast, protoplasts isolated from suspension cultured cells of bromegrass
and soybean exhibit little evidence for oxidative stress and increased activities of glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase.
We suggest that an antioxidative response is associated with mitosis and colony formation from protoplasts, as exhibited by
bromegrass and soybean. Conversely, failure of an antioxidative response is associated with low viability and absence of mitosis,
as in barley. Increased viability of barley leaf protoplasts cultured on feeder layer cells is correlated with increased glutathione
content and higher glutathione reductase activity. 相似文献
25.
L. Vijayalakshmi K. Naveen Kumar Kishor Palle Jong Dae Baek Abdallah A. A. Mohammed 《Luminescence》2023,38(9):1624-1631
Using the melt quenching technique, a lithium zinc borate glass (LZB) system with trivalent dysprosium ions (Dy3+) was synthesized, and the luminescence and lasing properties of these materials were examined for the generation of white light. Structural investigation through X-ray diffraction revealed that the prepared glass had an amorphous nature. The optimized glass containing 0.5 Dy3+ had a direct optical band gap of 2.782 eV and an indirect optical band gap of 3.110 eV. A strong excitation band at 386 nm (6H15/2→4I13/2) was recognized in the ultraviolet (UV) light region of its excitation spectrum. Emission bands could be seen in the photoluminescence spectrum at 659, 573, and 480 nm under the 386 nm excitation. These transitions of emission resembled electronic transitions such as (4F9/2→6H11/2), (4F9/2→6H13/2), and (4F9/2→6H15/2). In a pristine glass matrix, the higher intensity ratio of yellow to blue can result in the production of white light. The optimized Dy3+ ion concentration was observed to be 0.5 mol%. In addition, an analysis of lifetime decay was conducted for all synthesized glasses, and their decay trends were systematically investigated. Noticeably, we assessed the photometric parameters and found that they were close to the white light standard. Furthermore, a cytotoxicity study was carried out using lung fibroblast (WI-38) cell lines for the optimized 0.5Dy3+-doped LZB glass and it appeared to be noncytotoxic. It is clear from the results that the noncytotoxic LZB glass doped with 0.5 Dy3+ ions could be a suggestive choice for the manufacture of white light-emitting diodes and lasers using near-UVs. 相似文献
26.
Mohammed Akrim Marc Bally Genevive Ball Jan Tommassen Henk Teerink Alain Filloux Andre Lazdunski 《Molecular microbiology》1993,10(2):431-443
In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, several exoproteins synthesized with a signal sequence (elastase, lipase, phospholipases, alkaline phosphatase and exotoxin A) are secreted by a two-step mechanism. They first cross the inner membrane in a signal sequence-dependent way, and are further translocated across the outer membrane in a second step requiring secretion functions encoded by several xcp genes. Ten xcp genes have already been characterized (Bally et al., 1992a). In this study, two additional xcp genes, xcpP and xcpQ, are described. They are located in the 40 min region of the chromosome where they probably define an operon, divergent from the xcpR–Z operon previously characterized in this region. These two genes encode two proteins, XcpP and XcpQ, similar to PulC and PulD of the pul system of Klebsiella oxytoca. Moreover, the two divergent operons share a common regulation which is growth-phase dependent. 相似文献
27.
Mohamed Ali Chokri Foued Hamza Chaker Bennour Mohammed Almalki Aurélien Besnard 《Ibis》2023,165(1):96-110
Predation is one of the key factors shaping the dynamics of animal populations. In birds, nest loss due to predation can be a significant cause of low reproductive success. Ground-nesting birds are among the bird groups most susceptible to predation, mainly because their nests are easily accessible to a broad suite of potential predators. For these birds, anthropogenic disturbances can generate changes in nest predation risk by altering their antipredator behaviour and also by altering the behaviour of the predator species, i.e. the predator becoming much more aware of predation opportunities due to frequent disturbances and/or motivated to repeat predation attempts when some are successful. To date, most previous studies investigating this have focused on a single effect, either predation or disturbance, on chick survival. It remains unknown how the risk of predation with and without disturbance varies with chick age. In this study, we used behavioural observations to assess how the interaction between predators and disturbance affects predation risk in chicks and how this interacts with chick age. Specifically, we investigated the effect of disturbance caused by humans and stray dogs on the predation of Slender-billed Gull Chroicocephalus genei chicks by Yellow-legged Gulls Larus michahellis, and whether this depended on the age of the chicks. Our results revealed that disturbance had a significant positive effect on predation measures of Slender-billed Gull chicks by Yellow-legged Gulls, but that this effect was mediated both by disturbance type and the age of chicks. Stray dogs entering the colony had a stronger disturbance effect on chicks than passing humans, increasing predation risk by Yellow-legged Gulls. Our results also showed that chick age interacts with disturbance type to determine the predation risk. This is probably mediated by chicks' capacity to escape predation by gathering in a single large crèche that runs into the water when disturbed. To preserve Slender-billed Gull colonies in one of its few remaining breeding sites in Tunisia, and as gulls tend to react even when the disturbance occurs relatively far from the colonies, it is crucial to (1) restrict human access to dikes and islets where large colonies breed and (2) construct artificial islets attractive to gulls and inaccessible to stray dogs. 相似文献
28.
Souad El Hafidi Khadija Bakhy Mohammed Ouhssine Abderrahim Benzakour Hamid Khamar Joseph Casanova Mathieu Paoli Félix Tomi 《化学与生物多样性》2023,20(1):e202201022
Cladanthus scariosus (Ball) Oberpr. & Vogt is endemic to Moroccan High Atlas. It is known under the vernacular names Irezghi or Irezgui. Three essential oil samples have been isolated from aerial parts and analyzed by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques [gas chromatography (GC) in combination with retention indices (RI), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 13C-NMR spectroscopy]. The compositions of oil samples were dominated by monoterpenes: α-pinene sabinene, and terpinen-4-ol. Chamazulene and dihydrochamazulene isomers as well as various hemiterpene esters and analogs have been identified. To evidence a chemical variability, statistical analysis performed on 13 oil sample compositions allowed partitioning into three groups, mainly differentiated by their contents of sabinene, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, and germacrene D. 相似文献
29.
Dr. Sherif M. H. Sanad Alshimaa A. M. Abdelsalam Aya A. Gamal Eldin Esraa H. Abdelfattah Fatma R. M. Hussein Nada G. Mohammed Nariman A. S. Taha Prof. Dr. Ahmed E. M. Mekky 《化学与生物多样性》2023,20(6):e202300546
An efficient protocol was adopted to efficiently prepare three new series of bis(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines) linked to different spacers. The new bis(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines) were prepared in 80–90 % yields by reacting the respective bis(enaminones) and 4-(4-substituted benzyl)-1H-pyrazole-3,5-diamines in pyridine at reflux temperature for 5–7 h. The new products showed a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against six different bacterial strains. In general, propane- and butane-linked bis(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines), which are attached to 3-(4-methyl- or 4-methoxybenzyl) units, had the best antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values up to 2.5 and 5.1 μM, respectively. Additionally, the previous products demonstrated promising MurB inhibitory activity with IC50 values up to 7.2 μM. 相似文献
30.