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321.
Xue Wu Yu Cao Jian Zhang Ming Lei Xiaojie Deng Kashif Rafiq Zahid Yanli Liu Ke Liu Jihong Yang Guomei Xiong Hanchao Yao Chao Qi 《Biotechnology letters》2016,38(5):761-766
Objective
To determine the glutathione (GSH) content in a human hepatoma cell line (SMMC-7221) treated with xylitol/selenite, providing a part of an investigation of its anti-cancer mechanisms.Results
The nuclei of SMMC-7221 cells were stained with Hoechst 33258 in an apoptosis assay, and their morphology subsequently changed from circular to crescent shape. The calibration curve (r2 = 0.992) was established, and GSH content markedly decreased after treated with 0.5 and 1 mg xylitol/selenite l?1 for 12, 36 and 60 h (12 h: from 95.57 ± 19.57 to 29.09 ± 7.74 and 24.27 ± 11.15; 36 h: from 70.73 ± 11.35 to 19.54 ± 6.39 and 9.35 ± 6.69; 60 h: from 72.63 ± 16.94 to 7.432 ± 3.84 and 0). The depletion rate of GSH was more related to the concentration of xylitol/selenite than the treatment time (from 69.95 ± 1.87 to 100 % vs. 0.22 ± 0.2 to 100 %).Conclusions
Xylitol/selenite is a promising anti-cancer drug to induce apoptosis in SMMC-7221 cells. It may regulate the apoptosis through the co-action of multiple mechanisms related to GSH depletion.322.
The effect ofStachybotrys atra on fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria was studied in agar culture. Of the 27 genera and 52 species of fungi, 6 species of actinomycetes and 5 genera and 10 species of bacteria tested,S. atra was found to inhibit 95.7 % fungi, all the actinomycetes and 83.3 % of bacteria.Aspergillus ustus, 2 unidentified species ofFusarium, Rhizobium trifolii andPseudomonas spp. were however not inhibited. In experiments in soil,S. atra inhibited the growth ofTrichoderma viride. S atra was ineffective whereT. viride andS. atra were inoculated simultaneously or whereT. viride was added 7 days earlier. Besides,S. atra was not found to controlMacrophomina phaseoli infection on cotton. Soil culture ofS. atra showed phytotoxic effect on cotton seedlings.S. atra produced a dark brown to black thermostable toxic metabolite in the medium. The culture filtrate retarded the growth ofM. phaseoli in agar culture. Despite the importance ofS. atra as a fungistatic agent with wide antimicrobial spectrum, the use ofS. atra as a protectant against plant pathogens seems to be limited because of its phytotoxicity on cotton. 相似文献
323.
324.
Two cows with hydrallantois were treated with single intramuscular injection of 30 mg (cow number 1) and 25 mg (cow number 2) prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). At about 82 hours post-injection, most of the fluids were expelled and a dead calf was delivered by forced extraction from cow number 1. Cow number 2 delivered twin calves (1 live, 1 dead) without assistance. The cow lost 225 Kg body weight (162.7 Kg fluid and 62.2 Kg weight of fetuses). Plasma progesterone was 4.45 ng/ml before PGF2α injection and 0.79 ng/ml 24 hours post-injection. No abnormal lesions or pathogens were found at necropsy of the dead calves. Fetal membranes were retained in both cows and were removed manually four days post-calving. 相似文献
325.
K R Feingold I Staprans R A Memon A H Moser J K Shigenaga W Doerrler C A Dinarello C Grunfeld 《Journal of lipid research》1992,33(12):1765-1776
Hyperlipidemia frequently accompanies infectious diseases and may be due to increases in lipoprotein production or decreases in lipoprotein clearance. The administration of endotoxin (LPS) has been used to mimic infection and prior studies demonstrate that LPS produces hypertriglyceridemia. In the present study in rodents, the dose of LPS necessary to induce hyperlipidemia was orders of magnitude less than that necessary to induce shock and death. As little as 10 ng/100 g body weight induced hypertriglyceridemia and this increase in serum triglyceride levels occurred rapidly (78% increase at 2 h). At high doses of LPS (50 micrograms/100 g body weight), the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins was decreased. At low doses of LPS (100 ng/100 g body weight), triglyceride clearance was not altered but the hepatic secretion of triglyceride was increased. Low dose LPS stimulated hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis and lipolysis, both of which provided a source of fatty acids for the increase in hepatic triglyceride production. High dose LPS did not increase hepatic fatty acid synthesis or peripheral lipolysis, and hepatic triglyceride secretion was not stimulated. Thus, low dose LPS produces hypertriglyceridemia by increasing hepatic lipoprotein production, while high dose LPS produces hypertriglyceridemia by decreasing lipoprotein catabolism. Administration of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies or interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist did not prevent the increase in serum triglyceride levels induced by LPS. However, anti-TNF antibodies and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) blocked the increase in serum triglycerides induced by TNF or IL-1, respectively. These data suggest that neither of these cytokines is absolutely required for the increase in serum triglycerides induced by LPS, raising the possibility that other cytokines, small molecular mediators, or LPS itself may play a crucial role. 相似文献
326.
Muhammad Ismail Khan Soyeon Choi Muhammad Zahid Habib Ahmad Roshan Ali Musharraf Jelani Changsoo Kang 《Genes & genomics.》2018,40(7):789-795
Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a rare group of excessive skin disorder characterized by thickness over the palms and soles. The striate palmoplantar keratoderma (PPKS) is a form in which hyperkeratotic lesions are restricted to the pressure regions extending longitudinally in the length of each finger to the palm. Dominantly inherited mutations in genes including desmoglein 1, desmoplakin and keratin 1 have been suggested as genetic causes of PPKS. In this study, we investigated a three-generation Pakistani family segregating PPKS phenotype in autosomal dominant fashion to identify genetic cause in this family. We have performed whole-exome and Sanger sequencing followed by in silico bioinformatics analysis to pinpoint candidate mutation associated with PPK. Revealed a novel heterozygous mutation (NM_020882.2, COL20A1 c. 392C?>?G; p.Ser131Cys) in the loop region close to fibronectin type III-1 domain of the c ollagen 20 α1. This variant was not found in our in-house 219 ethnically matched Pakistani unaffected controls and showed minor allele frequency of 3.4 × 10?5 in Exome Aggregation Consortium database containing exome data of 59,464 worldwide individuals. It was assigned as “pathogenic” by in silico prediction tools. Previously, association of mutation in the COL14A1, one of the paralogous gene of COL20A1, with PPK was reported in the study with a Chinese family. Our study proposes COL20A1 gene as another potential candidate gene for PPKS which expand the spectrum of collagen proteins in the pathogenicity of PPK. 相似文献
327.
Mahmood Rasool Arif Malik Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf Mahwish Arooj Asia Kiran Sulayman Waquar Ujala Ayyaz Ayesha Zahid Ahmad Zaheer Abdul Jabbar Maryam Zain Amir Raza Asim Mehmood Tahira Batool Qaisrani Zeenat Mirza Mohammed Hussein Al-Qahtani Sajjad Karim Absarul Haque 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2018,25(8):1724-1728
Background
Cancer patients when treated with different chemotherapeutic drugs often develop mild to severe sight threatening diseases during or after chemotherapy. The mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of ocular toxicities is poorly understood. Oxidative stress, inflammation and MMPs (angiogenic factor) are involved in the progression of chemotherapy related ocular disorders.Materials and methods
The concentration of oxidative stress markers such as MDA, NO and levels of different antioxidant molecules such as SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GPr, VIT A, VIT E and VIT C present in the serum of chemotherapy treated patients (n?=?50) and in normal persons (n?=?20) were estimated by the direct spectrophotometric method while the concentration of TNF-α and MMP-9 activity were determined using human TNF-α and MMP-9 ELISA kits.Results
The concentration of SOD and CAT (0.356?±?0.05?μg/dl and 1.26?±?0.01?μmol/mol of protein) was significantly lower as compared to that (1.09?±?0.03?μg/dl and 3.99?±?0.04?μmol/mol of protein) in controls. The levels of GPx (0.06?±?0.01?mmol/dl) in the cancer patients were much lower than those in the controls (0.78?±?0.06?mmol/dl). Lower level of GSH (0.96?±?0.003?μg/dl) in serum of the diseased group was observed as compared to healthy group (7.26?±?1.40?μg/dl). The level of Vit A, Vit C and Vit E was lower in systemic circulation of cancer patients (109.99?±?6.35?μg/ml, 1.26?±?0.36?μg/ml and 1.29?±?0.191?μg/ml) as compared to control subjects (166.35?±?14.26?μg/ml, 3.25?±?0.099?μg/ml and 6.354?±?2.26?μg/ml) respectively. The concentration of nitric oxide was significantly higher in the cancer patients (45.26?±?6.35?ng/ml) than that in the normal subjects (16.35?±?3.26?ng/ml). The higher concentration of MDA (8.65?±?3.26?nmol/ml) was observed in the patients than normal ones (1.254?±?0.065?nmol/ml). The quantity of TNF-α was significantly higher in chemotherapy treated patients (32.68?±?4.33?pg/ml) as compared to the control group (20.979?±?1.98?pg/ml). Significantly higher concentration of MMP-9 (40.26?±?3.26?ng/ml) was observed in the cancer patients than the controls (7.256?±?1.95?ng/ml).Conclusion
Lower levels of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic small molecules and higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory clinical parameters such as NO, MDA, TNF-α and MMP-9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic chemotherapy related ocular complications such as cataract, glaucoma, blepharitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, pterygium and retinal degeneration. 相似文献328.
Muhammad Yaqoob Li Ping Wang Jam Kashif Javed Memon Sajid Umar Muhammad Farooq Iqbal Muhammad Fiaz Cheng-Ping Lu 《Folia microbiologica》2018,63(4):443-449
The genetic basis for phenicol resistance was examined in 38 phenicol-resistant clinical Escherichia coli isolates from poultry. Out of 62 isolates, 38 showed resistance for chloramphenicol and nine for florfenicol, respectively. Each strain also demonstrated resistance to a variety of other antibiotics. Molecular detection revealed that the incidence rates of the cat1, cat2, flo, flo-R, cmlA, and cmlB were 32, 29, 18, 13, 0, and 0%, respectively. Nineteen strains were tolerant to organic solvents. PCR amplification of the complete acrR (regulator/repressor) gene of five isolates revealed the amino acid changes in four isolates. DNA sequencing showed the non-synonymous mutations which change the amino acid, silent mutation, and nucleotide deletion in four isolates. MY09C10 showed neither deletion nor mutation in nucleotide. The AcrA protein of the AcrAB multidrug efflux pump was overexpressed in these strains. Complementation with a plasmid-borne wild-type acrR gene reduced the expression level of AcrA protein in the mutants and partially restored antibiotic susceptibility one- to fourfold. This study shows that mutations in acrR are an additional genetic basis for phenicol resistance. 相似文献
329.
Sameeullah Memon Liping Wang Guozhi Li Xiangying Liu Weidong Deng Dongmei Xi 《Journal of genetics》2018,97(1):121-126
The species origin of Yunnan gayal has been controversial since many years. However, few recent genetic studies have suggested that it has perhaps originated from the hybridization between male Bos frontalis and female B. taurus or B. indicus. Being an important semi-wild bovid species, this has also been listed under the red list of International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. However, there is limited information available about the immunogenicity of this precarious species of Bos. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a pivotal role in immune response to infectious diseases in vertebrates. In the present study, we have investigated the structural and functional characteristics and possible duplication of the MHC-DQA genes in gayal (B. frontalis). Two full-length cDNA clones of the MHC-DQA genes were amplified and designated as Bofr-DQA1 (DQA*0101) and Bofr-DQA2 (DQA*2001) with GenBank accession numbers KT318732 and KT318733, respectively. A comparison between Bofr-DQA1, Bofr-DQA2 and to other MHC-DQA molecules from different animal species showed that nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences of these two identified MHC-DQA genes have more similarity to alleles of specific DQA1 and DQA2 molecules from other Ruminantia species than to each other. The phylogenic investigation also demonstrated a large genetic distance between these two genes than to homologous from the other species. The large genetic distance between Bofr-DQA1 and Bofr-DQA2, and the presence of different bovine DQA putative motifs clarify that these sequences are nonallelic type. These results could suggest that duplication of the DQA genes has also occurred in gayal. The findings of the present study have strengthened our understanding to MHC diversity in rare ruminants and mutation of immunological functions, selective and evolutionary forces that affect MHC variation within and between species. 相似文献
330.
Mahmood Rasool Arif Malik Tariq Tahir Butt Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf Rabia Rasool Ayesha Zahid Sulayman Waquar Muhammad Asif Ahmad Zaheer Abdul Jabbar Maryam Zain Asim Mehmood Tahira Batool Qaisrani Imran Riaz Malik Sami Ullah Khan Zeenat Mirza Absarul Haque Mohammed Hussein Al-Qahtani Sajjad Karim 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2019,26(2)