The failure to express a protein disulphide isomerase-like protein results in a floury endosperm and an endoplasmic reticulum stress response in rice

The rice somaclonal mutant T3612 produces small grains with a floury endosperm, caused by the loose packing of starch granules. The positional cloning of the mutation revealed a deletion in a gene encoding a protein disulphide isomerase-like enzyme (PDIL1-1). In the wild type, PDIL1-1 was expressed throughout the plant, but most intensely in the developing grain. In T3612, its expression was abolished, resulting in a decrease in the activity of plastidial phosphorylase and pullulanase, and an increase in that of soluble starch synthase I and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. The amylopectin in the T3612 endosperm showed an increase in chains with a degree of polymerization 8-13 compared with the wild type. The expression in the mutant's endosperm of certain endoplasmic reticulum stress-responsive genes was noticeably elevated. PDIL1-1 appears to play an important role in starch synthesis. Its absence is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in the endosperm, which is likely to underlie the formation of the floury endosperm in the T3612 mutant.     

H2S位于SOS上游参与盐胁迫诱导的拟南芥气孔关闭

以拟南芥野生型、SOS突变体(Atsos1、Atsos2和Atsos3)、H2S合成相关酶L-/D-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶(L-/D-CDes)基因缺失突变体(Atl-cdes和Atd-cdes)和过表达株系(OEL-CDes和OED-CDes)为材料研究了H2S和SOS信号转导途径在盐胁迫诱导拟南芥气孔关闭中的作用及其相互关系。结果表明,盐胁迫能够引起拟南芥叶片H2S含量、L-/D-CDes活性及其基因表达量显著升高,诱导野生型拟南芥和OEL-CDes和OED-CDes叶片气孔关闭,但对Atl-cdes和Atd-cdes气孔开度无显著影响;而H2S清除剂次牛磺酸(hypotaurine,HT)可减弱盐胁迫诱导的拟南芥气孔关闭的作用,表明H2S参与盐胁迫诱导的拟南芥气孔关闭过程。外源H2S诱导野生型拟南芥气孔关闭,但对SOS突变体气孔开度无显著影响;同时盐胁迫下Atsos1、Atsos2和At-sos3亦表现出H2S含量及L-/D-CDes活性显著升高,且与野生型相比,盐胁迫对Atl-cdes和Atd-cdes叶片AtSOS基因表达量无显著影响。表明盐胁迫诱导气孔关闭过程中H2S位于SOS上游。     

Karyotype and Resource Protection of the Wild Crucian Carps ( Carassius auratus)in the Dongting Lake Water Svstem

鲫( Carassius auratus)是洞庭湖水系一种重要的经济鱼类.为了解洞庭湖水系野鲫的细胞遗传背景,采用PHA和秋水仙素活体注射法,对沅水和澧水采集的野鲫样本逐一进行肾细胞染色体制片及组型分析.结果发现,在两条河流的野鲫群体中均检测出染色体数为100和基本染色体数为150的两种不同倍性个体,其中,两条河流染色体数为100的二倍体鲫组型公式为2N=28M+ 22SM+ 28ST +22T,NF=150;基本染色体数为150的三倍体鲫组型公式为3N =42M +33SM +42ST +33T,NF=225.在沅水和澧水不同采样点随机采集的共100尾野鲫中,检测出的三倍体比例(85％)远高于二倍体(15％),且二倍体与三倍体鲫个体在形态特征上不存在明显差异(P＞0.05).两种不同倍性鲫在同一水体的共存对于鲫的遗传进化与选育具有一定的理论和实践意义,而二倍体鲫种群的大量减少,则提示我们应该从染色体组遗传多样性角度加强对洞庭湖水系二倍体野鲫资源的保护.     

Comparison of the direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase immobilized on the surface of Au, CdS and ZnS nanostructures

A novel fluorescence biosensing strategy for simple, rapid and sensitive selecting quadruplex-binding ligands was reported by using graphene oxide (GO) as the fluorescence quencher. Data from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) image, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that single-layered GO sheets were successfully prepared with well dispersion in aqueous solution. The fluorescein amidite (FAM)-labeled signal probe first adsorbed onto the surface of GO through π-stacking interaction between the ring structure in the nucleobases and the hexagonal cells of GO, and the fluorescence of the dye was quenched. When the quadruplex-binding ligands were introduced, the signal probe folded to form intramolecular G-quadruplex structure, which led to the releasing of FAM-labeled signal probe from the surface of GO and the fluorescence intensity recovered. Three series of Chinese medicine monomers were investigated by the proposed method, and the flavonoids were demonstrated to be the potential quadruplex-binding ligands by fluorescence measurement and melting temperature analysis. The results indicated that this strategy offers a simple, rapid and sensitive method for screening G-quadruplex ligands and it could find wide applications in the discovery of new antitumor drugs.     

A tandem segmental duplication (TSD) in green revolution gene Rht-D1b region underlies plant height variation

? Rht-D1c (Rht10) carried by Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum) line Aibian 1 is an allele at the Rht-D1 locus. Among the Rht-1 alleles, little is known about Rht-D1c although it determines an extreme dwarf phenotype in wheat. ? Here, we cloned and functionally characterized Rht-D1c using a combination of Southern blotting, target region sequencing, gene expression analysis and transgenic experiments. ? We found that the Rht-D1c allele was generated through a tandem segmental duplication (TSD) of a >?1?Mb region, resulting in two copies of the Rht-D1b. Two copies of Rht-D1b in the TSD were three-fold more effective in reducing plant height than a single copy, and transformation with a segment containing the tandemly duplicated copy of Rht-D1b resulted in the same level of reduction of plant height as the original copy in Aibian 1. ? Our results suggest that changes in gene copy number are one of the important sources of genetic diversity and some of these changes could be directly associated with important traits in crops.     

大白菜新型细胞质雄性不育系6w-9605A的育性鉴定和花药败育的细胞学观察

采用石蜡切片技术,研究了大白菜(Brassica campestris L.ssp.pekinensis)细胞质雄性不育系6w-9605A及其保持系6w-9605B的花药发育过程的细胞形态学特征,确定不育系花药败育时期及方式,并对不育系6w-9605A进行花器官观察和育性鉴定.结果表明:保持系6w-9605B花药发育正常;不育系6w-9605A花药发育受阻于孢原分化时期,占总败育花药的66.7％,不形成花粉囊和花粉粒,属于无花粉囊型败育;另外33.3％的败育花药可形成花粉囊,小孢子均受阻于单核靠边期或者二胞期,败育特点为绒毡层细胞异常肥大,挤压小孢子,导致小孢子和绒毡层解体;6w-9605A的不育性稳定、彻底,不育株率和不育度均为100％.     

Studies on selectable marker for genetic engineering of Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 and CP4 strain

尽管质粒和选择标记的使用作为基因工程最基本的一环而为人们所熟知,但对一些特殊菌种(菌株)或研究很少的菌种(菌株)的基因工程操作来说,质粒和选择标记可能仍然是一个并未完全解决的问题,因而需要不断提高认识、不断改进.运动发酵单胞菌Zymomonas mobilis具有突出的产醇性能,但其多种内源质粒和多种抗性的特点,增加了其基因工程操作时质粒和选择标记选用的难度.本研究在测定四个抗生素即Ap、Cm、Tc、Km对典型菌株ZM4、CP4的最低生长抑制浓度的基础上,初步确定了这两个菌株基因工程操作时的四个抗生素使用浓度依次分别为300、100、25、350μg/mL(ZM4)和500、100、25、250 μg/mL(CP4);并进一步通过穿梭载体pZB21、宽宿主载体pBBR1MCS-2和整合载体pBR328-ldh R-cml - ldhL的转化,初步分析和证明了这些选择标记和在相应抗生素浓度下的效果:首先,对每一个选择标记基因来说,前述抗生素浓度是适于携带此选择标记基因的质粒的转化筛选和相应转化子培养的;其次,在前述抗生素浓度下,综合筛选平板阳性率和转化效率、培养物菌体形态异常程度等指标,四个选择标记基因中,以Cm和Tc抗性标记基因效果最好,Km抗性标记基因居中,Ap抗性标记基因最差.这些结果为ZM4、CP4基因工程遗传改造用抗性标记基因、质粒、抗生素的选择及转化系统的完善奠定了基础.     

卷柏属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

卷柏属植物含有黄酮类、炔酚类、苯丙素类等多种化学成分。药理学研究证明该属植物具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌抗病毒等药理活性。本文系统地介绍了国内外对卷柏属植物化学成分和药理活性方面的研究概况,为今后对该属植物的进一步研究提供参考。