黄土高原林区生态系统服务价值与景观生态风险时空变化及其关联性——以子午岭区为例

当前,人们对自然景观提供的生态系统服务保护意识正在加强,但将生态系统服务价值纳入生态风险管控的研究和实践相对较少。本研究以子午岭区为例,基于2.5 km×2.5 km的评价小区,开展了1980、1990、2000、2010和2017年黄土高原林区——子午岭区景观格局类型格网化和重采样,定量评价了生态系统服务价值和景观生态风险,揭示了二者时空变化及其关联性。结果表明: 1980—2017年,子午岭区生态系统服务价值从其中心地带向外缘递减,总量由123.45亿元增长为126.33亿元;子午岭区景观生态风险从其中心地带向外缘递增,子午岭区的景观生态风险有所降低,生态状况总体好转。子午岭区生态系统服务价值与景观生态风险之间存在显著的负相关关系及明显的负向空间关联性;高价值-低风险区主要为子午岭林区,未来其生态系统服务价值可能会保持不变。     

Dynamic Host Immune and Transcriptomic Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in a Vaccination-Challenge Mouse Model

Virologica Sinica - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Inactivated RSV vaccine was developed in the late 1960’s, but the...     

Genomic data reveal two distinct species from the widespread alpine ginger Roscoea tibetica Batalin (Zingiberaceae)

Species delimitation is a key foundation for exploring biodiversity. However, the existence of continuous phenotypic variation in widespread species challenges accurate species delimitation based on classical taxonomy. In this study, we investigated the cryptic diversity of a widespread herb (Roscoea tibetica Batalin) in a biodiversity hotspot (the Hengduan Mountains, China) using genotyping by sequencing, examining morphological traits, developing species distribution models, and simulating demographic history. Phylogenomic reconstruction, principal component analysis, and genetic structure inferences indicated that previously reported R. tibetica comprised two monophyletic lineages with a deep divergence. Several morphological diagnostic characteristics were discovered from field and common garden that corresponded to these independent evolutionary lineages. Species distribution models illustrated significant ecological divergence between both lineages. All evidence strongly supported that R. tibetica, as described in previous taxonomy, actually comprises two distinct species. Model test of gene flow and effective population size changes in fastsimcoal2, and a negative Tajima's D-value suggested that recent contact likely occurred between the two lineages. Our results proposed that cryptic diversity in previously reported R. tibetica was possibly associated with phenotypic plasticity in heterogeneous environments and morphological convergence in similar habitats. This study suggests that caution should be exercised when attempting to gain biological insight into species with large-scale morphological variation, and species delimitation should be done in advance.     

混合接种球孢白僵菌与摩西球囊霉对烟草促生抗逆影响

利用球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana与摩西球囊霉菌Glomus mosseae以单独和混合接种的方式在烟草Nicotiana tabacum苗期进行接种处理,检测烟草苗期和成熟期的农艺性状和生理特性。结果表明：在育苗期,混合接种处理烟苗具有最大的叶长和最大叶宽,与对照相比提高了30.27%和42.98%,球孢白僵菌处理组生物量最大,AM真菌处理组烟草株高最高;在成熟期,混合接种处理组烟草的株高、最大叶长、最大叶宽、茎围、生物量等指标均优于单接种处理,且过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）等抗氧化酶活性最高,丙二醛（MDA）含量最低。球孢白僵菌和AM真菌可协同提高烟草生长和抗逆能力。     

Benefiting others and self: Production of vitamins in plants

Vitamins maintain growth and development in humans, animals, and plants. Because plants serve as essential producers of vitamins, increasing the vitamin contents in plants has become a goal of crop breeding worldwide. Here, we begin with a summary of the functions of vitamins. We then review the achievements to date in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying how vitamins are synthesized, transported, and regulated in plants. We also stress the exploration of variation in vitamins by the use of forward genetic approaches, such as quantitative trait locus mapping and genome-wide association studies. Overall, we conclude that exploring the diversity of vitamins could provide new insights into plant metabolism and crop breeding.     

Structure of plant photosystem I−light harvesting complex I supercomplex at 2.4 Å resolution

Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two photosystems in photosynthesis, and performs a series of electron transfer reactions leading to the reduction of ferredoxin. In higher plants, PSI is surrounded by four light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) subunits, which harvest and transfer energy efficiently to the PSI core. The crystal structure of PSI-LHCI supercomplex has been analyzed up to 2.6 Å resolution, providing much information on the arrangement of proteins and cofactors in this complicated supercomplex. Here we have optimized crystallization conditions, and analyzed the crystal structure of PSI-LHCI at 2.4 Å resolution. Our structure showed some shift of the LHCI, especially the Lhca4 subunit, away from the PSI core, suggesting the indirect connection and inefficiency of energy transfer from this Lhca subunit to the PSI core. We identified five new lipids in the structure, most of them are located in the gap region between the Lhca subunits and the PSI core. These lipid molecules may play important roles in binding of the Lhca subunits to the core, as well as in the assembly of the supercomplex. The present results thus provide novel information for the elucidation of the mechanisms for the light-energy harvesting, transfer and assembly of this supercomplex.     

狄斯瓦螨和蜜蜂病毒对意大利蜜蜂蜂群越冬的影响

越冬期是蜂群损失最主要的阶段.通过比较分析45个意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica蜂群在繁殖越冬蜂前的狄斯瓦螨Varroa destructor寄生率和病毒感染情况、越冬表现及越冬期存活蜂群的病毒感染情况等,探究与越冬期蜜蜂健康紧密相关的影响因素.结果表明,繁殖越冬蜂前蜂群的狄斯瓦螨寄生率与蜜蜂残翅病毒(DWV)和以色列急性麻痹病毒(IAPV)基因组拷贝数呈中等线性相关关系(pDWV=0.003,pIAPV=0.001),且狄斯瓦螨寄生率低于9％的蜂群与DWV感染程度相关性更高,而寄生率高于9％的蜂群与IAPV的相关性更高.越冬期死亡蜂群在繁殖越冬蜂前的狄斯瓦螨寄生率和IAPV病毒基因组拷贝数均显著高于存活蜂群.狄斯瓦螨和IAPV是本次实验中意蜂蜂群越冬期健康的首要影响因素.结合狄斯瓦螨寄生率和IAPV基因组拷贝数的正相关性,本研究认为在繁殖越冬蜂前将蜂螨寄生率控制在较低水平(9％以下)能有效减少越冬期意蜂蜂群损失.     

鳞翅目昆虫抗病毒免疫反应的研究进展

鳞翅目昆虫种类繁多,对农业生产和人类生活产生重大影响,宿主昆虫与病毒相互关系的研究对于利用病毒杀虫剂进行害虫治理和益虫病毒性疾病的预防具有重要意义.因此,鳞翅目昆虫与病毒的互作研究显得尤为重要,宿主昆虫的免疫系统在抗病毒感染过程中发挥着关键作用,对病毒产生不同程度的免疫反应.本文综述了昆虫围食膜和中肠对病毒入侵的防御作用,病毒进入体腔后昆虫所产生的细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,以及RNAi、细胞的自噬与凋亡、Toll、Imd、JAK-STAT和STING信号通路等相关的抗病毒免疫途径,并对昆虫抗病毒免疫研究的制约因素和未来鳞翅目昆虫抗病毒免疫的研究重点进行了讨论,以期为害虫的生物防治和益虫疾病的防控提供理论依据.