Cytological Mechanism on the Integration of Heterologous Genome or Chromosomes in the Unique Gynogenetic Carassius auratus gibelio

银鲫（ＣａｒａｓｉｕｓａｕｒａｔｕｓｇｉｂｅｌｉｏＢｌｏｃｈ）是行天然雌核发育生殖的两性型三倍体鱼类,与普通两性融合生殖鱼类相比,具有独特的育种优势。八十年代以来,异育银鲫、复合四倍体异育银鲫的发现表明,雌核发育卵子不但具有保持自身全部染色体的能力,还能整合异源精子的部分遗传物质或整个基因组,影响雌核发育后代的性状。因此,搞清楚异源基因组的整合机制对于进一步弄清其发育模式以及诱导复合多倍体银鲫均具有十分重要的作用。两性融合发育鱼类的精子入卵后,精核在促精核活化因子的诱导下,可以逐渐解凝并形成雄性原核;而在天然雌核发育银鲫受精卵中,精核的解凝和原核化却被抑制。去掉卵壳的控制作用后,精核虽能在卵质中解凝却仍不能形成雄性原核（Ｆｉｇ．１）。可见,雌核发育银鲫与两性融合发育鱼类的卵质间必定存在某些差异。对哺乳类和两栖类卵质诱导精核原核化作用的研究表明,ＤＴＴ和蛋白水解酶能够分别还原精核组蛋白中ＳＳ和水解精核组蛋白,从而诱导精核在卵质中形成雄性原核。本文通过显微注射以及冷休克处理等诱导方法,探讨了人工诱导外源精核在银鲫卵中解凝和原核化,培育银鲫复合种的细胞学机制。实验结果显示,向银鲫卵质中注入胰蛋白酶、ＤＴＴ和     

Resistance of SKW6 cell to apoptosis induction with anti-Fas antibody upon transduction of a reverse fragment to a cDNA encoding human 6A8 α-mannosidase

The effect of transduction with a reverse fragment to a cDNA encoding human 6A8 α-mannosidase on apoptosis induction of human B cell line SKW6 by anti-Fas antibody was tested. Apoptosis-inducer of anti-Fas monoclonal antibody was used to induce apoptosis in SKW6 cells. Giemsa’s staining, Annexin-V-FLUOS staining and DNA ladder test were used to determine the events of apoptosis. Indirect immunofluorescent staining with anti-Fas antibody was performed to detect the surface Fas expression. In a time-course test of 12, 24 and 36 h for apoptosis induction by anti-Fas antibody, DNA ladder was observed in the wild-type SKW6 cells in a time-dependent fashion. Mock transduction had no effect on DNA ladder production. However, no DNA ladder was detected in the rAAV-antisense 6A8 cDNA-transduced SKW6. Results from Annexin-V-FLUOS staining on anti-Fas antibody-treated cells revealed that the staining-positive rate in the rAAV-antisense 6A8 cDNA-transduced SKW6 cells was decreased in comparison to that in the wild-type and the mock-transduced cells. Giemsa’s staining observation showed that the number of dying (with apoptotic bodies) and dead cells was reduced in the rAAV-antisense 6A8 cDNA-transduced SKW6 cells in comparison with that in the wild-type and the mock-transduced cells upon anti-Fas antibody induction. The transduction did not affect the expression of Fas molecular on cell surface. 100% cells in all the groups showed Fas expression. The SKW6 cells became resistant to apoptosis induction by anti-Fas antibody upon transduction with a reverse fragment to a cDNA encoding human 6A8 α-mannosidase. The transduction did not affect the expression of Fas molecule on cells.     

作物群体CO2通量和水分利用效率的快速测定

In this paper,Eddy Correlation (EC) method was employed to measure the latent heat and CO₂ flux density and to calculate Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat community in Yucheng district,Shandong Province in 1997.The results showed that the CO₂ flux density had an obvious diurnal change,with a maximum about1.5 mg·s^-1·m^-2,which appeared at about 9:00～10:00 am in general.The WUE of wheat community presented a fall trend from morning to afternoon,and the CO₂ flux density and WUE also had an obvious seasonal change,being lower in the early and late growth stages,and higher in the middle growth stage.The ranges of daily mean CO₂ flux density and WUE were 0.2～0.9 mg·s^-1·m^-2 and 5～20 gCO₂·kg^-1 H₂O,respectively.     

REVISION OF CHINESE SPECIES OF HEMIPTARSENUS WESTWOOD (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) *

Abstract This paper deals with Chinese species of Hemiptarsenus Westwood, 1833. Totally five species are found in China. Among them, H. unguicellus (Zetterstedt), H. ornatus (Nees) and H. varicornis (Gi‐rault) were previously recorded, H. zilahisebessi Erdös is newly recorded in China and H. strigiscuta sp. n. is described as new. A tentative key to known species is given, and other three external species, H. fulvicollis Westwood, H. wailesellae Nowicky and H. waterhousii Westwood, are included in the key for comparison. The type specimen is deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Expression and regulation of mRNAs for insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), IGF-binding protein-2, and LH receptor in the process of follicular atresia

Expression of mRNAs for IGF-I, IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), and LH receptor (LHR) as well as their regulations during induced follicular atresia was determined. 26-day-old female rats received 15 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropins (PMSG). Through detection, it was demonstrated that apoptosis occurred in some small antral follicles after 48 h of PMSG treatment. At 96 h, apoptosis occurred in preovulatory follicles. At 120 h, numerous apoptotic cells appeared in preovulatory follicles. IGF-I was mainly expressed in preantral and small antral follicles from 48 to 120 h. At 48 and 96 h, the theca cells of preantral and antral follicles expressed high level of IGFBP-2 mRNA. At 48 h, there were strong signals of LHR mRNA in granulosa cells, but the LHR signals in granulosa cells significantly decreased at 96 and 120 h (p<0.001). Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and IGF-I inhibited apoptosis in preantral and antral follicles. Meanwhile, it was observed that EGF promoted IGF-I mRNA expression, and in preovulatory follicles, IGF-I stimulated LHR mRNA expression. These results show that the interaction between ECF and IGF-I may be involved in the regulation of atresia of follicles at different stages of development.     

Molecular mapping of split rice spikelet mutant srs-1 and analysis of its homeotic function in rice

srs-1, a new floral organ identity gene in rice, was mapped using RAPD and RFLP markers. Firstly, the cross was made between "ZhaiYeQing 8" (ZYQ8, indica) and split rice spikelet (SRS, japonica) mutant. The ratio of wild-type individuals and mutant plants in F2 population is 3:1, which indicates that the mutant characteristics are controlled by single recessive gene, srs-1. Consequently, BSA method was adopted and 520 random 10-mer primers were used to screen polymorphic bands between two bulks. Six primers could amplify polymorphic bands, of which S465 generates the most stable RAPD patterns. Then, S465 that cosegregates in F2 population has been converted into an RFLP marker successfully. Furthermore, srs-1 gene was mapped on chromosome 3 using DH mapping population. The effect of srs-1 gene results in the mutant of split rice spikelet. The mutant has longer and softer palea/lemma than those of wild-type, and two small palea/lemma-like organs between palea and lemma. In addition, there is a flower with three stamens and carpel in the axil of lemma. Thus, there are nine stamens and two carpels in the spikelet of mutant. srs-1 gene may belong to homeotic gene of class A according to the mutant characteristics and ABC model.     

小麦籽粒不同部位的矿质元素组成与其含量差异

采用X-射线能谱仪测定非糯与糯性等品种小麦籽粒不同部位的矿质元素组成(H和He元素除外)和含量的结果表明:小麦籽粒中除含有大量C、O外,皮层富含K、P、se,其次是Cl、Si、S、Mg和Ca等;糊粉层富含P、K和Mg,其次是Si、Se、S、Ca、Cl和Fe等;胚乳层中相应的矿质元素含量比皮层和糊粉层低。不同品种籽粒各部位的矿质元素含量存在遗传性差异。据此认为籽粒磨成粉时应减少糊粉层的损失,以提高面粉的矿质价值。     

瘢痕疙瘩中TIEG1的高表达

转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1/Smads)信号转导通路的持续激活是瘢痕疙瘩形成的重要机制.研究发现这条通路重要的负反馈调节信号分子Smad7表达明显下调,Smad2/3的磷酸化水平和蛋白质量并无明显改变.但是,Smad7下调的机制尚不清楚.采用生物信息学方法对Smad7的启动子进行分析;用RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹分别检测了正常皮肤、正常瘢痕及瘢痕疙瘩组织中的Sp1样转录因子TIEG1mRNA及蛋白质的表达水平;体外培养正常皮肤、正常瘢痕及瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞,检测TIEG1 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平.研究结果显示,Smad7启动子上有Sp1的位点,TIEG1 mRNA及蛋白质水平在瘢痕疙瘩组织及瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞中表达明显高于正常瘢痕和正常皮肤(P<0.05).说明瘢痕疙瘩中TIEG1可能是Smad7下调的重要原因,有必要进一步研究TIEG1对Smad7的调控作用机制.