一中国白酒酒曲中的丝状真菌菌群

采用6种不同的培养基,分别于25℃、32℃、42℃以及50℃培养分离从而对某一中国白酒酒曲中的丝状真菌菌群进行研究.从酒曲中共分离得到886株丝状真菌,分属于接合菌,子囊菌和无性型真菌的20属,45种.其中最为丰富的是无性型真菌(28种),其次是接合菌(10种)和子囊菌(7种).对发酵起主要作用的为那些嗜热和耐热的种属,包括:宛氏拟青霉,伞枝梨头霉,梳棉状嗜热丝孢菌,微小根毛霉,金孢霉属一种和红曲属的几个种.文中还对一些在发酵中起重要作用的丝状真菌的特性进行了探讨.     

一株嗜酸硫氧化菌的分离

从江西德兴分离得到一株嗜酸硫氧化杆菌DX-2,采用双层固体培养基进行分离纯化,对分离菌株进行了形态、生理生化特性研究及16SrRNA序列分析.该菌株为革兰氏阴性细菌,短杆状,菌体大小（0.4～0.5）μm×（1～2）μm,化能自养,可利用硫磺和硫代硫酸盐为能源生长,不能利用亚铁进行生长.以16SrRNA序列同源性为基础构建了相关种属在内的系统发育树,结果表明,DX-2与喜温硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus caldus）处于同一进化树分支中,相似性达99%以上.考察了不同重金属离子对DX-2的生长的影响.     

利用Cre-loxP自动敲除H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素重组鸡痘病毒中的报告基因

研究去除重组鸡痘病毒中的报告基因,构建一株只含目的基因的重组毒。将H5亚型AIV的HA基因作为靶基因,两侧含loxP序列的GFP表达盒插入鸡痘病毒重组臂基因构建了转移质粒载体,将其与脂质体混合转染CEF细胞,获得了表达H5和GFP的鸡痘病毒重组体。通过二次转染,利用Cre酶自动敲除重组病毒中的GFP基因,最终获得了只含H5血凝素基因表达盒的重组鸡痘病毒。免疫荧光和病毒滴度测定结果表明,经过连续传代后重组病毒仍然稳定复制并表达H5血凝素。用10⁵PFU和2×10⁵PFU rFPV H5免疫SPF鸡,28d后,免疫组鸡抗体平均滴度(HI)分别达到4log 2和4.5log 2,结果表明,H5HA基因重组病毒能刺激鸡群产生较高特异抗体。     

节肢动物线粒体基因组与系统发生重建

对mt基因组的比较研究是探讨节肢动物系统发生的有效手段之一。基因的排列和DNA序列可以为重建节肢动物的系统发生提供有用的信息。目前,已测定mt基因组全序列的节肢动物已增加到44种。归纳、总结了节肢动物mt基因组的基本特征、基因顺序、基因重排的发生和机制等。简要评述基于mt基因组的节肢动物系统发生研究。     

60Coγ射线与EMS复合处理对山黧豆抗氧化酶活力及ODAP含量的影响

Lathyrus sativus seeds were treated with ⁶⁰Coγ-ray and EMS(ethyl methane sulfonate), and their emergence rate and SOD,POD and CAT activities were determined. The result indicated that the treatment decreased the emergence rate. The activities of SOD and POD were changed in accordance with the increase of irradiation dose and EMS concentration, while that of CAT had no obvious change. After treatment, the ODAP content in Lathyrus sativus decreased. Amutant was developed, with toxin content of 0.1%, compared to 0.2% in control.     

乌头类双酯型生物碱水解产物-苯甲酸的含量测定研究

目的:建立RP-HPLC测定乌头类双酯型生物碱水解产物苯甲酸含量的方法.方法:色谱柱:Waters C18(150×4.6 mm),流动相:甲醇-0.02 mol/L乙酸铵溶液(5∶95),检测波长:230 nm,流速:1.0 ml/min,柱温:30℃.结果:苯甲酸在0.432～3.888μg(r=0.9999)之间呈线性关系,苯甲酸加样回收率为98.62%(RSD=1.89%).结论:该方法简便、稳定、准确,可做为乌头类双酯型生物碱水解产物苯甲酸含量测定的方法.     

用RAPD标记研究蚱属五个种间的亲缘关系

用RAPD技术对蚱属5种蚱基因组DNA的多态性进行研究。在事先优化的反应条件下用12个随机引物扩增, 共得到84条清晰稳定的多态性片段,片段长度为200～2 000 bp。统计这些片段,根据扩增片段的共享度计算出相对遗传距离指数,然后用UPGMA和NJ聚类方法对其进行分析,构建系统树,确定了它们相互间的亲缘关系。     

Isolation of an Unusually Stable Cis-Isomer of Alloxanthin from a Bleached Autolysed Culture of Chroomonas salina Grown Photoheterotrophically on Glycerol. Observations on Cis-Trans Isomerization of Alloxanthin

SYNOPSIS. A new carotenoid, manixanthin , was isolated from a bleached, autolysed culture of the marine cryptomonad Chroomonas salina grown on glycerol in light, after the culture showed disappearance of the chlorophylls and carotenoids normally produced. Manixanthin lacked carbonyl, ester, and epoxy groups in chemical tests, whilst its spectroscopic properties indicated a conjugated nonaene chromophore. In its chromatographic mobility, manixanthin closely resembled alloxanthin, the major normal xanthophyll of the cryptomonad. The iodine-catalysed photostereomutation of manixanthin produced the same equilibrium mixture of cis -isomers as that given by similar treatment of alloxanthin. This mixture of isomers completely lacked the all-trans alloxanthin and contained ∼60% manixanthin. It was concluded that manixanthin is an unusually stable cis -isomer of alloxanthin, and is presumably produced in the culture medium by the action of light on alloxanthin released by autolysed cells of the cryptomonad. The unusual stability of manixanthin relative to alloxanthin was investigated by effecting partial stereoisomerizations under conditions using either of heat, light, or iodine, and evidence was obtained for a series of at least 10 isomers with a trend of stability increase from alloxanthin to manixanthin. It was inferred that manixanthin may be 9,9'-di cis -alloxanthin.     

青藏公路对高原鼠兔种内遗传分化的影响

研究采用7个微卫星标记分析在青海省西大滩区域,位于青藏公路两侧的4个高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）种群的遗传变异情况。分别采用软件TFPGA和GENE POP3．4计算各种群间的Nei’s标准遗传距离,基因分化系数（Fst）等参数,并对遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类分析。研究结果表明,公路同侧种群间平均遗传距离和基因分化系数分别为0．0808和0．0541;异侧种群间平均遗传距离和基因分化系数分别为0．1037和0．0705,公路东侧和西侧的两个种群分别聚为一类。青藏公路对分布于公路两侧的高原鼠兔种群间的基因交流产生了一定的阻隔效应,并导致种群间出现了一定程度的遗传分化。