体内体外培养下飞蝗雄性生殖细胞的分化

在单一TCl99或GRACE培养液中培养的四龄三天东亚飞蝗(Locusta mtgratoria mani lensis精小管,其精子发生只发育至初级精母细胞期,培养液中添加10%小牛血清或飞蝗精巢匀浆液可促使其发育至次级精母细胞期,添加10%分别取自东亚飞蝗蝗蝻、柞蚕蛹及蓖麻蚕蛹的血淋巴可促进其产生约20%的精子。 蜕皮激素及保幼激素对精子的产生无显著影响。移植培养的精小管在受体飞蝗体内不能发育产生精子,注射20μg/虫蜕皮激素可促使其产生大量精子。完整精巢无需注射蜕皮激素即可在受体飞蝗体内发育产生精子。结果表明,昆虫血淋巴内可能含有促细胞分化类因子,此(类)因子可能无种属特异性,外源蜕皮激素可能对精子发生无直接作用,但精子发生同时需要蜕皮激素和血淋巴因子,精巢本身可能有自己的蜕皮激素来源。     

小麦体细胞胚发生的超微结构研究

对小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）幼胚培养中体细胞胚发生过程的超微结构变化进行了研究,结果如下：（１）原体细胞中大液泡消失,存在大量小液泡,细胞质的电子密度加强,核大,核仁明显,出现多核仁;（２）细胞器数量和种类,如质体、核糖体和线粒体增加;（３）细胞壁加厚,胞间连丝逐渐消失,细胞器数量丰富,胚性细胞中积累淀粉;（４）细胞壁加厚的胚性细胞中存在核仁液泡、自体吞噬泡和分泌泡;（５）多细胞原胚、球形胚和梨形胚被一层外壁包围,但胚体内细胞间广泛存在胞间连丝;（６）成熟胚生长点部位的细胞内质体中出现膜系结构,已向叶绿体转变,类囊体已形成     

田麻属的分类学研究

本文对田麻属植物的分类进行了研究,确认1种2变种,归并了1种3变种1变型,降级1种。     

Firing activity of preoptic and supraoptic neurons upon mild alterations in osmo- and glucohomeostasis

Responses of neurons of the lateral (LPO) and medial (MPO) subdivisions of the preoptic region (RPO) and of the supraoptic nucleus (SO) of the hypothalamus at infusions of up to 400 µl of a hypotonic (0.2%) or a hypertonic (0.3%) NaCl solution or an isotonic (5.5%) glucose solution into the homolateral internal carotid artery were studied in acute experiments on ketamine-anesthetized cats. Changes in the firing frequency were exhibited by 69% of the examinedRPO andSO neurons, the response being of four different types: a monophasic increase (1st-type) or a monophasic decrease (2nd-type) in the activity; biphasic responses where an initial frequency rise was followed by inhibition (3rd-type) and vice versa (4th-type). Of all the neuronal responses to all stimulations, 50% (121/245) were of the 1st type; 11% (26/245), of the 2nd type; 5% (14/245), of the 3rd type; and 3% (7/245), of the 4th type. No neurons with 1st-type responses to infusion of the hypotonic NaCl solution were found in the medial sections of theMPO, and of the hypertonic solution, in the lateral sections of theLPO. Neurons with 2nd-type responses to infusion of hypo- and hypertonic NaCl solutions were almost solely detected in theSO, whereas units with such responses to glucose infusions were observed only in theRPO, being fully absent in theSO, where this stimulation gave rise only to 1st-type responses. Neurons with 3rd- and 4th-type responses to hypo- and hyperosmotic stimulations were detected predominantly in theMPO andSO, and to glucose stimulation, in theMPO andLPO.Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 281–291, July–August, 1993.     

Spatial and Temporal Aspects of Growth in the Primary Root of Cotton Seedlings: Effects of NaCl and CaCl2

Seedlings of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Acala SJ-2) weregrown in modified Hoagland nutrient solution with various combinationsof NaCl and CaCl₂. Marking experiments and numerical analysiswere conducted to characterize the spatial and temporal patternsof cotton root growth at varied Na/Ca ratios. At 1 mol m^–3Ca, 150 mol m^–3 NaCl reduced overall root elongation rateto 60% of the control, while increasing Ca to 10 mol m^–3at the same NaCl concentration restored the elongation rateto 80% of the control. Analysis of the spatial distributionof elongation revealed that the presence of 150 mol m^–3NaCl in the medium shortened the growth zone by about 2 mm fromthe approximate 10 mm in the control and also reduced the relativeelemental elongation rate (i.e. the longitudinal strain rate,defined as the derivatives of displacement velocity of a cellularparticle with respect to position on root axis). Supply of 10mol m^–3 Ca at the high salt condition restored partiallythe relative elemental elongation rate, but not the length ofthe growth zone. Compared to the control, the growth trajectoriesshowed that at 1 mol m^–3 CaCl2 it took more time for acellular particle to move through the growth zone at 150 molm^–3 NaCl, while at 10 mol m^–3 CaCl it took lesstime and there was no difference between the NaCl treatments Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, salinity stress, root growth kinematics     

中国卷叶绵蚜属研究及新种记述~①(同翅目:瘿绵蚜科)

本文记述了同翅目瘿绵蚜科卷叶绵蚜属一新种丁香卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus gambosae sp.nov.和白蜡树卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini(Fabricius,1777)及忍冬卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus xylostei(De Geer,1773)两个中国新记录种。文中系统研究了该属的标本,给出了无翅孤雌蚜的分种检索表。     

Rice ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a

Ubc13 is required for Lys63-linked polyubiquitination and innate immune responses in mammals, but its functions in plant immunity still remain largely unknown. Here, we used molecular biological, pathological, biochemical, and genetic approaches to evaluate the roles of rice OsUbc13 in response to pathogens. The OsUbc13-RNA interference (RNAi) lines with lesion mimic phenotypes displayed a significant increase in the accumulation of flg22- and chitin-induced reactive oxygen species, and in defence-related genes expression or hormones as well as resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Strikingly, OsUbc13 directly interacts with OsSnRK1a, which is the α catalytic subunit of SnRK1 (sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase-1) and acts as a positive regulator of broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. In the OsUbc13-RNAi plants, although the protein level of OsSnRK1a did not change, its activity and ABA sensitivity were obviously enhanced, and the K63-linked polyubiquitination was weaker than that of wild-type Dongjin (DJ). Overexpression of the deubiquitinase-encoding gene OsOTUB1.1 produced similar effects with inhibition of OsUbc13 in affecting immunity responses, M. oryzae resistance, OsSnRK1a ubiquitination, and OsSnRK1a activity. Furthermore, re-interfering with OsSnRK1a in one OsUbc13-RNAi line (Ri-3) partially restored its M. oryzae resistance to a level between those of Ri-3 and DJ. Our data demonstrate OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a.     

偏头痛患者体感刺激下脑电信号的功能连接（英文）

目的 偏头痛是一种复杂的脑功能障碍性疾病,全球范围内患病率为14.4%。功能连接测量两个神经信号之间的统计学相互依赖性,不同的功能连接反映了大脑区域协同工作的不同模式。因此,研究不同脑区的功能连接对于理解偏头痛的病理生理机制具有十分重要的意义。以往基于脑电图对偏头痛患者脑功能连接的分析主要集中在视觉和疼痛刺激。本文尝试研究偏头痛患者在发作间期对体感刺激的皮质反应,以进一步了解偏头痛的神经功能障碍,为偏头痛的预防和治疗提供线索。方法 招募23例无先兆偏头痛患者,10例有先兆偏头痛患者,28名健康对照者。所有受试者均进行详细的基本资料和病史采集,完善量表评估,在正中神经体感刺激下进行脑电图记录。计算68个脑区的相干性作为功能连接,并评估功能连接与临床参数的相关性。结果 在正中神经体感刺激下,无先兆偏头痛和有先兆偏头痛患者的脑电功能连接与对照组相比存在差异,异常的脑电功能连接主要位于感觉辨别、疼痛调节、情绪认知和视觉处理等区域。无先兆偏头痛和有先兆偏头痛患者的大脑皮层对体感刺激可能具有相同的反应方式。偏头痛患者的功能连接异常与临床特征之间存在相关性,可以部分反映偏头痛的严重程度。结论 本研究...     

中国新叶蚜属研究及新种记述：（同翅目：斑蚜科）

作者系统整理了我国新叶蚜属Neophy llaphis Takahashi,1920标本,共有2种,其一为新种。给出中国的分种检索表。新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 新叶蚜属Neophy llaphis Takahashi,1920 Neophy llaphis Takahashi,1920,Can.Ent.52:20模式种Neophy llaphis podocarpi Takahashi,1920.